, 










Gass_h. 

Book -V, '■ I 9 






.y 



r 



/ 

THE 

TOUR 



OF ^ ** 






PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 

THROUGH THE 

NORTHERN AND EASTERN 
STATES, IN 1817 ; 

HIS TOUR IN THE YEAR 1818; 

TOGETHER WITH 

. A SKETCH OF HIS LIFE ; 

WITH 

DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL NOTICES 

OF THE PRINCIPAL PLACES THROUGH 

WHICH HE PASSED. 

» You would have thought the very windows mov'd, 
To see him as he pass'd, so many young and old, 
Through casements darted their desiring eyes." 

SECOND EDITION. 



BY S. PUTNAM WALDO, ESQ. 

Compiler of" Robbins' Journal," and Author of "Memoirs of Jackson." 

HARTFORD : 

PUBLISHED BY SILAS ANDRUS. 

1 820.* 



DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. 
. ******* BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the sixteenth 

* L S * ^ a ^ °f August, iu the forty-fourth year of the Inde- 

* * pendence of the United States of America, Silas An- 
******** drus, of the said District, hath deposited in this office 

fhe title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as Proprietor, in 
the words following, to wit : 

"The Tour of James Monroe, President of the United States. 
through the Northern and Eastern States, in 1817 ; his Tour in 
the year 1818 ; together with a sketch of his life ; With descrip- 
tive and historical notices of the principal places through which 
he passed. 

" You would have thought the very windows movM, 
To see him as he pass'd, so many young and old. 
Through casements darted their desiring eyes." 

By S. Putnam Waldo, Esq. Compiler of " Bobbins' Journal," 
iind Author of "Memoirs of Jackson. 7 ' 

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, 
entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the authors and pro- 
prietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." 

CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, 
Clerk of the District of Connecticut. 
A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me. 

CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, 
Clerk of the District of Connecticv* 



P. B. GOODSELL, PRINTER. 



fli 



i 






TO THE CITIZENS OF THE 

AMERICAN REPUBLIC. 

The diffidence I feel in offering this 
volume to my fellow citizens, is greatly di- 
minished in reflecting upon the peculiarly 
interesting subject of it. However imper- 
fect its execution — however numerous its 
errors, and however deficient in style, the 
importance of the subject matter, will, I 
trust, secure to it from you an indulgent re- 
ception 

With ardent wishes for the perpetuity of 
our Republican Institutions, 

I am, Fellow Citizens, 
Your Obedient Servant, 

S. PUTNAM WALDO. 

Hartford, Sept. 1819. 



PREFACE 

TO THE SECOND EDITION. 

THE inducement to the publication of 
the first Edition of this work, arose from a 
desire to preserve, in a volume, the inter- 
esting incidents in the President's First 
Tour,— the Addresses delivered to him, and 
his Answers to them. 

Knowing that a monotonous detail of ci- 
vilities bestowed and reciprocated, would 
fatigue the reader, I attempted to blend 
with the narrative, Descriptive and Histori- 
cal notices of the country through which he 
travelled; having, from personal observa- 
tion, acquired some knowledge of the great- 
est part of the country the President ex- 
plored. 



VI. PREFACE. 

From the diversity of matter contained 
in the work, errors may be expected, and 
will undoubtedly be discovered. 

The Second Tour of the President was a 
very limited one, and of course the account 
of it is short. 

It is sincerely to be hoped that a much 
abler hand will present to the public an ac- 
count of his extensive and interesting Tour 
in 1819. 

THE AUTHOR. 

Hartford, Sept, 1819. 



CONTENTS. 

As the following work is a continued narrative, with- 
out any division into Sections or Chapters, it may be a 
covenience to the reader to furnish a concise table of 
contents, pursuing the order in which the work is ar- 
ranged, and the course in which the President travelled. 

Biographical Sketch of James Monroe, page. 

President of the United States, - - 13 

Introductory remarks, to an account of the Presi- 
dent's Election, - - - 39 
Inauguration, and Inaugural Speech, - 41 
Extract from a Dublin Gazette, - - 53 
Extempore Address, 4th March 1817, - 54 
Introductory remarks to the Tour of the President, 55 
City of Washington — permanent seat of govern- 
ment, description of it, - 60 
Departure from Washington, 31st May, 1817, 61 

MARYLAND— 1st Entrance. 

Baltimore — arrival at that place, - - 61 

Observation of the Sabbath, - - 62 

Manner of reception there, - - 63 

Address of the citizens, and answer of the President, 64 
Description of that place, - - - 67 

Passage to Newcastle, - * ' •■ - QS 

PENNSYLVANIA— -1st entrance. 
Philadelphia — arrival at that place — importance of 

it, 69 

Cincinnati Society — Address of, at this place, and 

Answer, - - - - 71 

Description of that place and its rank, - 72 

NEW-JERSEY. 

Trenton — President's reflections upon his approach 

to it, - - - - 75 

His reception there— the Address and Answer, 76 

Christian Religion — religious sects, &c. - 76 

New-Brunswick— reception there, - 78 



VIII* CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

NEW-YORK— 1st Entrance. 

New- York City — its political importance. %B 

President's reception in that place. - 80 

Address of the Citizens and President's Answer. 81 

of the Cincinnati Society and Answer, 05 

Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Manufac- 
tures, - - - 87 
President admitted as a Member, - - 99 
Description of that place, commerce, &c. - 99 

Steam-Boat navigation — Fulton, - 100 

New-England — brief historical sketch of, 101 

CONNECTICUT— 1st Entrance. 

NewHaven — President's reception there, 107 

Yale University, notice s of the town, - 110 

Passage from New-Haven to Middletown, 111 
Middletown — reception of the President in that 

place, - - - 112 

Description of the place, - - 113 

Passage from Middletown to Hartford, - 114 

Hartford — President's reception there, 114 

Address of the citizens and President's Answer, 1 16 

Description of the city, - - - 118 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum, . - - 119 

MASSACHUSETTS— 1st Entrance. 

Springfield — President's reception there, 121 

Address ofthe Citizens, and notice of the place, 122 

Shays' rebellion — manufacture of arms, - 123 

Passage from Springfield to New-London, 124 

CONNECTICUT— 2d Entrance. 

New-London — President's reception, Address and 

Answer, - 125 

Benedict Arnold, brief sketch of him, - 131 

Notice of this place, British squadron, &c. 132 

Stonington — reception ofthe President there, 13S 

Notice of this place, and its valorous defence, 136 

RHODE-ISLAND. 

Rhode-Island — sketch of this island, - "13f 



CONTENTS. IX* 

PAGE. 

Slave Trade, - - - - 136 

Newport — arrival and reception of the President, 

and Address, - - - - 140 

Sketch of this place, and its wanton destruction, 141 
Ppovidence — Address of the citizens and the Presi- 
dent's Answer, - 142 
Notice of this place ; Sketch of the settlement, &c. 143 

MASSACHUSETTS— 2d Entrance. 

Passage from Providence to Boston, - 146 

Boston — reception of the President there, Address 

of the Citizens, and President's reply, - 149 

Address of the Minority of the Mass. Legislature, 153 
The President's Answer, - - 157 

Address of the Cincinnati, and President's Answer, 1 60 
Charlestown — reception of the President, Address 

and Answer, - - 164 

Harvard University — Address of the Corporation 

to the President, and his reply, - 166 

Hon. John Adams, President's visit, &c. - 170 

Description of Boston, political and commercial im- 
portance of, - - - 171 
Bunker Hill— Battle of— Gen. Putnam, 173 
Passage from Boston to Salem, - - 183 
Salem — reception of the President there 134 
Sketch of the town ; Quakers ; Cleopatra's barge, 188 
Newburyport — arrival, reception of, and Address 

to the President in that place, - 189 

Notice of the town, triumphal arches, &c. 193 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE— 1st Entrance. 

Portsmouth — reception in that place, the Address 

of the citizens and answer of the President, 195 

Notice of the place — Washington 74, - 198 

DISTRICT OF MAINE.. 

Passage from Portsmouth to Portland, 199 

Address upon the President's arrival in this district 

— remarks, - - - 201 

Portland — reception there, Address of citizens, 206 
Address from the Committee of Bath, &c. 211 



X% CONTENTS. 

PAGL. 

The President's Answer, - - 212 

Description of Portland, - - 213 

Address of the Clergy and President's Answer, 215 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE— 2d Entrance. 

Dover— reception there and address of Citizens, 217 

Remarks upon the President's reception, &c. 219 

Gov. Plumer's letter to the President, 219 

Concord — arrival of the President there, 221 

Notice of that place — remark, - 223 

Passage from Concord to Hanover, - 223 
Hanover — President's visit there, and Address of 

the citizens, - - 225 

Dartmouth University, - - * 228 

Mrs.Wheelock, - - 229 

Quaker's reception of President, - 230 

VERMONT. 

Notice ofthis State, - - - 230 

Norwich — arrival there, and address of Citizens 231 

Address of the citizens, and President s answer, 234 
Windsor — Address from the Ladies to President 

and his reply, - - - 236 
Sketch of the place, - - 237 
Woodstock — Address of the Citizens, - 239 
Notice of that place, - - • 240 
Montpelier — arrival of President there, and Ad- 
dress of the Citizens, - - - 242 
Notice of that pla^e, - - - 243 
Burlington — arrival there — Address of the citi- 
zens, and President's Reply, - - 244 
Burlington University, - - - 245 
Lake Champlain — Capt. Macdonough, - 245 

NEW- YORK— 2d Entrance. 

Plattsburgh — gallant defence of that place, 249 

Fields fBattle, - - 250 

Sketch of that place, - - - 251 

Repast in the forest, - - 251 

Ogdensburgh — Address of the citizens, 262 

River St. Lawrence, - * • 254 



CONTENTS. XI. 

PAGE. 

Passage to Sackett's Harbour, - - 255 

Lake Ontario — Capt. Chauncey — Fleets, &c. 256 

Sackett's Harbour — notice of that place, 257 
Address of the Revolutionary veterans, and of the 

Citizens of Sackett's Harbour, - 258 

Niagara — arrival at the fort, - - 260 
Peninsula — battles of Chippewa and Bridgewater, 261 

Buffaloe — importance of that place, - 262 

Niagara falls, ... 262 

Warfare by conflagration, - - 263 

Respect from an enemy, - - 263 

Lake Erie — Capt. Perry, - - 264 

Detroit — surrender ofthat place — Gen. Hull, 264 

President's Answer to the citizens' Address, 267 

OHIO. 

Notice ofthat state, - - 26S 

American Savages, - - - 269 

Lancaster — Address of the citizens, - 270 

Passage from Lancaster to Chilicothe, - 272 

Notice of this place, and the Address, - 273 

Zanesville and Putnam — Address of Citizens, 274 

Notice of these places, - - 278 
Cannonsburgh — " seat of literature in the west," 278 
Address of the faculty of Jeffers©n College, and 

the President's Answer, - - - 279 

Pittsburgh — its situation, - - 282 

The river Ohio, - - - 283 

Address of the citizens of Pittsburgh, - 285 

The President's Reply, - - - 286 

Sketch of that place, - - - 287 

MARYLAND— 2d Entrance. 

Hagerstown — Address of the citizens, - 291 

Fredericktown — Address of the citizens, 292 

Remark upon the President's Tour, - 293 

Reception at Washington upon his return, 294 

Address of citizens and President's reply, 296 

Conclusion of 'Four, - 297 

President's First Message, - - 3 j 

Conclusion of an account of First Tour, 315 



XII. CONTENTS. 

PAGE, 

Second Tour of the President, 1818. - 319 

Remarks upon his first Tour, - - 320 

Assiduity of Rulers, - - - 321 

President at Annapolis — Address of Citizens and his 

answer, - - - - 322 

Chesapeake Bay, . _ . 325 

President at Norfolk — Address of Citizens and his 

answer, - 326 

Virginia, .... 330 

President's Second Message, - - 331 

James Monroe and Andrew Jackson, - 348 



\ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 

OF THE LIFE OF 

JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 



Biography and History occupy an important 
department in the libraries of gentlemen, soholars,and 
statesmen. By the one, the reader becomes acquaint- 
ed with the illustrious characters who have imparted 
glory to their native countries, and who have secured 
to themselves imperishable honour. By the other, he 
traces the progress of events which have elevated 
different countries to the acme of human glory, or sunk 
them to the lowest depths of degradation. The Ame- 
rican Republic has, for the last half century, been 
the theatre of events, and the nursery of men, the his- 
tory of which, and the lives of whom, would have 
added lustre to the most brilliant pages of ancient or 
modern history. The impressive ejaculation cf an 
inspired penman — " Our fathers, where are they . ? " may 
well be repeated by Americans in the nineteenth cen- 
tury. The members of the Old Congress, (" I name 
them fill'd with solemn awe") are, the most of them, 
reaping the reward of their patriotic labours in eter- 
nity. But how little does the rising generation know 
of their gigantic labours, and their splendid talents ? 
We enjoy the rich legacy they bestowed upon their 
country ; but their memories are almost obliterated by 

B 



14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, 

the admiration excited by their successors, and the as- 
tonishment occasioned by succeeding events. 

Had America had her Plutarch, it would not have 
been so. Instead of devoting attention to the men and 
the events of ancient time, the youth of our Republic 
would be enraptured while they hung, with assiduous 
devotion, upon the pnges that recorded the labours of 
their grandsires in the cabinet, and their exploits in 
the field. The unceasing industry and exalted talents 
of a Marshall, has preserved to Americans the me- 
mory of their great political father, GEORGE WASH- 
INGTON. The unrivalled genius of a Wirt has 
embalmed the memory of Patrick Henry. It is from 
such scholars, that we may hope hereafter to be grati- 
fied with a Biography of JAMES MONROE, President 
of the United States. It must be the history of his 
country, during the long period of his active life, and 
various official stations, for they are identified with each 
other. It is with the deepest solicitude, that I attempt 
a mere sketch of the life of this great man. That the 
sources from which I have derived the information I 
possess upon this subject, so deeply interesting to the 
citizens of our Republic, are authentic, I have the 
most confident reliance. 

JAMES MONROE, the fifth President of the United 
States, was born in the county of Westmoreland, in the 
state of Virginia, and upon the banks of the Potomac, 
in the year 1759. A century and an half previous, his 
ancestor migrated to the Western world, and was the 
original grantee of the soil upon which his illustrious 
descendant was born. He was educated at the ancient 
University of William and Mary. His residence in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 15 

academic bowers, while it initiated him into the bound- 
less fields of science and literature, did not render him 
effeminate. In 1776, when his threatened and en- 
dangered country called upon her sons to leave the 
peaceable employment of agriculture, and the delight- 
ful indulgence of literary pursuits, to endure the toil 
and privations of " the tented field," the gallant Men- 
roe joined the embattled ranks of his countrymen., un- 
der the command of the celebrated general Mercer, 
who fell at Princeton. He was appointed a lieutenant 
in Col. Weedon's regiment — repaired with it to New- 
York, and joined the army under the command of Gen- 
eral Washington. At the battle of Jlcerlam Heights, 
he first faced a veteran enemy. He fought in the bat- 
i.le of White Plains, and was one who followed the ap- 
parently desperate fortune of Washington, in the de- 
sponding retreat through New Jersey. Although a 
youth of seventeen, he was not dismayed at the gloomy 
prospects that were before him and his beloved coun- 
try. While many of the troops were leaving the stand- 
ard of the Chief, and many citizens were joining the 
ranks of the enemy, Lieutenant Monroe remained true 
to his commander, to his country, and to his God. The 
time was at hand when he was to spend his blood, and 
all but lose his life for his country. 

The 26th of December, 1776, was a day memorable 
in the annals of the revolutionary struggle. The pre 
ceding night was as dark, gloomy, and horrible, as the 
foreboding destiny of Washington and his devoted fol 
lowers. Like the night that preceded the fall of Caesar, 
the elements seemed to be at war. The roaring of the 
storm, the rattling of the hail, and the concussions pro- 



16 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 



duced by the tumbling of ice in the rapid current of 
the Delaware, would have appalled any hearts but 
those of republican soldiers. The Delaware was cross- 
ed — the British post was surprised — their commander 
was slain, and his army were captured. '• The victory 
ef Trenton" operated upon disheartened Americans 
like a shock of electricity upon a morbid system. The 
particulars of the battle, and the part taken in it by 
Lieutenant Monroe, I extract from Wilkinson's Memoirs, 
vol. i. p. 129. 

" It was now broad day, and the storm beat violent- 
ly in our faces ; the attack had commenced on the left, 
and was immediately answered by Col. Stark in our 
front, who forced the enemy's picket, and pressed into 
the town ; our column being close at his heels. The 
enemy made a momentary shew of resistance, by a 
wild and undirected fire from the windows of their 
quarters, which they abandoned as we advanced, and 
made an attempt to form in the main street, which might 
have succeeded, but for a six gun battery opened by 
Capt. T. Forest, under the immediate order of Gen. 
Washington, at the head of King's street, which annoy- 
ed the enemy in various directions ; and the decision 
of Capt. William Washington, who, seconded by Lieu- 
tenant James Monroe, (now President of the United 
States,) led the advanced guard of the left column, 
perceiving that the enemy were endeavouring to form 
a battery — rushed forward, drove the artillerists from 
*heir guns, and took two pieces in the act of firing. 

These officers were both wounded in the charge ; 
the Captain in the wrist, the Lieutenant through the shoul- 
der. These particulur acts of gallantry have never 



fciOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, 17 

been noticed, and yet they could not have been loo highly 
appreciated ; for if the enemy had got his artillery into 
operation, in a narrow street, it might have checked 
our movement, and given him time to form and reflect : 
and if he had retired across the bridge in his rear, and 
taken post, he would have placed a defile between us, 
which, in our half naked, half frozen condition, he 
ought to have defended against our utmost efforts ; and 
we in turn might have been compelled to retreat, which 
would have been fatal to ws." 

Lieutenant Monroe lingered long with his wounds, 
and barely survived them. His subsequent military 
life must be rapidly glanced over. For his consum* 
mate bravery in the battle of Trenton, he was promo- 
ted to a captaincy : and was soon after selected by 
Lord Stirling as his Aid-de-Camp. In this capacity. 
he served with this gallant friend of America, in the 
campaign of 1777 and 1778. With him he fought in 
the battles of Brandy wine, Germant own and Monmouth, 
and the survivors remember him with affectionate 
attachment. He was soon after appointed to the com- 
mand of a regiment to be raised in Virginia, having se- 
cured the esteem, and having received the highest re- 
commendation of Washington. Subsequent events pre- 
vented the raising of the regiment, and Col. Monrof. 
remained in his native state. 

He commenced the study of law under the direction 
of one of his illustrious predecessors, Thomas Jeffer- 
son. But his native state was soon after invaded - 
and he volunteered his service in the militia. In 1780, 
he was appointed by^Mr, Jefferson, then gover- 
nor of Virginia, as a military commissioner, and visited 

B % 



i8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

the southern army in that capacity. His conduct it;, 
this important trust, met with undivided approbation. 

Col. Monroe, near the close of the revolutionary 
war, commenced his legislative and diplomatic career. 
It would require volumes to go into details. As, in a 
military capacity, he fought in the most disastrous pe- 
riods of the great struggle for Independence : so, when 
he was, at the termination of it, invested with official 
functions in civil life, involving the highest responsibili- 
ty, he had difficulties to encounter which nothing but 
the most matured judgment could obviate j nothing but 
the most consummate prudence surmount. He might 
have said then, as he did in his Inaugural Speech, as 
President — u From a just Responsibility , I shall never 
shrink ;" for his whole civil life has been a practical 
comment upon this declaration. 

At the age of twenty three, (1782,) he was elected 

m 

a member of the house of commons in Virginia, and by 
that body, in the same year, appointed a member of 
the executive council. In 1783 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the Areopagus of America — ' the Old Congress.* 
He was probably the youngest member of that august 
body. To be surrounded by the hoary sages of the 
Republic, and to take a part in deliberations, the most 
inteiesting that ever monopolized the solemn attention 
of a human tribunal, surely must have excited all his 
solicitude, and aroused all his vigilance. 

At the close of the war, the thirteen states were 
held together by nothing but that feeble bond of union 
" The Old Confederation.'* The small states were 
jealous of the power of the larger ones ; the large 
states thought it humiliation to be reduced to an equal- 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 19- 

sty with the smaller ones. Mr. Monroe, with the sa- 
gacity of a statesman, early foresaw the calamities that 
would befal the confederated states for the want of a 
national authority. A consolidated government had 
some powerful advocates, but was resisted by an im- 
mense majority of the people of the Republic. In 
1786, he introduced a motion to vest in Congress the 
power of regulating the commercial concerns of all the 
states. This motion, according to the journals of the 
old Congress, was frequently discussed. It was the 
germ of our inimitable constitution which was after- 
wards adopted. 

Virginia, the native state of Mr. Monroe, and then 
the largest in territory and population in the union, 
proposed to cede to Congress her territory beyond the 
Ohio, on condition that no states should be incorpora- 
ted in it beyond certain prescribed limits. He intro- 
duced and obtained the adoption of a resolution in 
Congress recommending to that state to make an un- 
conditional grant, and the state acceded to the proposi- 
tion. 

At about this period, serious controversies began to 
arise between some of the states in regard to their 
territorial limits. Conflicting claims between indepen- 
dent states, in relation to their boundaries, uniformly 
assume an hostile aspect. Disputes of this kind have 
caused centuries of war, and have inundated the con- 
tested territory in blood. Congress, with the solici- 
tude of a parent to heal the contentions of his children, 
interposed all the authority that body of gigantic states- 
men then possessed, to produce mutual concessions 
and cordial conciliation. The eyes of Congress were 



20 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

fixed upon Mr. Monroe as a suitable member of a high 
tribunal to adjust these controversies. His appoint- 
ment met with the cordial approbation of the contend- 
in<r states. It was a period when the utmost exertion 
of right was deemed injudicious, and where claims ad- 
mitted of doubt, extremely dangerous. Amicable ar- 
ragements were made, and the authority vested in this 
important court was never exercised. 

A provision in the Old Confederation, rendered a 
member of Congress ineligible to a srat in that body for 
more than three years in succession. Mr. Monroe, 
having sustained this high station for that period, re- 
turned to the bosom of his admiring friends in his 
native state. Conscious, that although young, he had 
become matured in the wisdom acquired by experience, 
the electors of the county of Spottsylvania returned 
him as a member of the legislature of Virginia, in 1787. 
His devotion to the cause of his country in this situation, 
induced his fellow citizens to appoint him a member 
of the convention of the state of Virginia to decide the 
question, tne great and momentous question, upon 
ihe adoption of our present excellent constitution, in 
1788. 

The assertion may be made without the imputation 
of presumption, that never, since the institution of 
civil society, was a form of government established 
with such cool deliberation, such profound reflection, 
and such sagacious foresight, as the Constitution of the 
United States. The forms of all the governments in- 
stituted from the days c^ the great law-giver cf the 
Jews, to near the close of the eighteenth cent lry, 
were before the Statesmen of the American Republic. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 21 

The experience of ages had tested their excellencies, 
and rendered their defects ostensible. The public 
mind had been, in some measure, prepared for the 
decision of the great question, by the profound inves- 
tigations of Madison, Jay, and Hamilton. Three 
millions of freemen had just disenthralled themselves 
from the power of the British Crown. They had 
literally waded through blood to obtain their indepen- 
dence ; and having emancipated themselves from a 
foreign power, which they would not acknowledge, they 
were jealous even of a necessary power for their own 
government. But the people were intelligent, and an 
app'eal to their understanding was never unsuccessfully 
made. 

The debates in the different state conventions upon 
the adoption of the constitution, would astonish the 
statesmen of any country. These conventions were & 
composed of men of every class in society, from the 
orator, who would not suffer by a comparison, with a 
Burke, or a Fox, down to the plain man of unostenta- 
tious demeanour, who could not speak, but neverthe- 
less could hear, reflect, and vote. In the Virginia Con- 
vention, Mr. Monroe was surrounded by the great and 
experienced statesmen of that Commonwealth. He 
had a part to perform, and, with the modest assurance 
which is a concomitant with real greatness, he per- 
formed it. The limits of this Sketch will not admit, 
even of an abstract of his speech, delivered upon this 
interesting occasion. It evinces a familiar knowledge 
of the great principles of our government. 

About this period, the question of the right of navi- 
gation upon the Mississippi, was brought into discus- 



<22 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

sion between the American and Spanish governments. 
It was even thought of surrendering the right ! The 
comprehensive views of Mr. Monroe, induced him to 
oppose it with all his energy. He presented a state- 
ment of the subject to Congress, which shews the ex- 
panse of his mind, and his devotion to the best inter- 
ests of his country. 

In 1789, the government of the United States com- 
menced its operations under the constitution. Before 
that period, the states, although they had, in the most 
solemn and deliberate manner, declared themselves 
independent of the British Crown, yet they could 
hardly be said to have had a government ; for no de- 
signated body exercised what is sometimes called, the 
jura summa imperii. The individual states each pos- 
sessed a municipal power over their own citizens ; and 
although they were all represented in Congress, yet 
Congress possessed, in reality, no efficient power, when 
they most needed it, to call into operation the whole 
resources of the republic. They recommended meas- 
ures to the states, and the approbation of the sainted 
Washington of the measures recommended, gave to 
them the force of law. They found in the people a 
public, a Roman like virtue, which made them over- 
look private interests, in the safety of the Republic. 

In 1790, Mr. Monroe was elected a Senator of the 
U. States by the State of Virginia. Having been the 
pupil of Washington in the field, he now became one 
of his councillors in the Cabinet. Perhaps no body 
of men, ever assembled upon earth, had a duty of 
greater delicacy, responsibility, and danger to perform, 
than the Firtt Congress, A Constitution had been 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 23 

adopted, and reluctantly adopted, by some of the states. 
Not having practically experienced its excellence, ma- 
ny were alarmed at some of its principles. They 
thought in the President, they recognized a King — in 
the Senate, a House of Lords — and in the House of 
Representatives, a House of Commons. The great 
men who were first called to put the powers delegated 
to them by this constitution into operation, felt that 
they must exercise a prudent caution, almost inconsist- 
ent with necessary energy. The nation was involved 
in debt — the finances were deranged — commerce was 
unregulated— and there was no national Judiciary.-— 
The surviving veterans of the revolution were redu- 
ced to mendicancy, by a depreciated, and almost an 
annihilated paper currency. They had surrendered 
their arms, divested themselves of the power of a sol- 
diery, and became powerless citizens, while their un- 
paralleled sacrifices in the cause of their emancipated 
country, remained unrewarded. 

The duties to be performed by the First Congress, 
would seemingly hawe dismayed a Lycurgus, or an 
Alfred. But the courage displayed in the field, was 
equalled by the wisdom exercised in the Cabinet. The 
Journals of that Congress show the part taken by Mr. 
Monroe in all the great measures upon which the vital 
interests of his country were suspended. He was of 
an age when most men commence a public life in a 
subordinate station. But, like the son of Edmund 
Burke, "he was born a public man." It will be the 
duty and the pleasure, of the future Biographer, to 
detail his labours in this highly responsible station. 

From the commencement of the revolution, to the 



24 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

year 1794, the American people felt little of the acri- 
mony of party spirit. In the great struggle for Inde- 
pendence, "common danger made them friends." 
The nerveless sons of Columbia, called lories, who 
were captivated by the gaudy charms of royalty, and 
frightened by the roaring of the British lion, although 
more merciless than the foreign foe, are now remem- 
bered with no emotions but those of pity and contempt. 
At the period last mentioned, two great political par- 
ties began to assume a "shape and form" in our Re- 
public, each claiming to be equally attached to the 
Constitution, and each claiming to be equally sincere in 
advancing the interest of the commonwealth. Polit- 
ical parties are the result of political freedom, and dif- 
fererice of opinion, is a consequence flowing from the 
investigation of human rights. Errors of opinion, in 
this respect, will never become dangerous, so long as 
il reason is left free to combat them." 

The French revolution commenced under the mild 
auspices of Fayette and Mirabeau, and was even aide^ 
by Louis XVI. the only European monarch, who was 
ever a friend to the American Republic. Whatever 
it may have produced in its consummation, its com- 
mencement and early progress, was hailed as an auspi- 
cious event by the friends of the rights of man, wher- 
ever such rights were known. It had advocates among 
the first statesmen of England. A Bedford and a Lau- 
derdale, in the presence of majesty — a Fox, and A 
Sheridan, before the people, audibly proclaimed their 
approbation. 

The French people, from the reign of Clovis, their 
first monarch, to the year 1789, had been a subjugated, 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. c 2ii 

a degraded, a vassal race. By their ambitious raon- 
archs, they were considered as ammunition, to be ex- 
pended in the accomplishments of their guilty projects 
of ambition — by their imbecile and effeminate Kings, 
they were treated as instruments to advance their vo- 
luptuousness, and increase their splendour. In the 
American revolution, they learned the blessings of 
freedom, even amidst the sufferings with which it was 
then enjoyed in our country. From the extremes of 
despotism, they knew no regular progress to the en- 
joyment of rational liberty. As the suppressed fires of 
iEtna find vent only by a devastating volcano ; so the 
extreme oppression of twenty-five millions of French- 
men were relieved by prostrating every vestige of the 
power that had long chained them to vassalage. 

The American Republic found its first friends amongst 
Frenchmen. From the French Court, was the first 
Minister Plenipotentiary deputed to the American Re- 
public, the Sieur Giraud. " The reception of a minis- 
ter from the most powerful prince in Europe, being 
among the first and most important insignia of indepen- 
dence, was alike new and gratifying to the United 
States."* 

When the French monarchy fell, and the Republic 
upon its ruins, it might well calculate upon a re- 

procation of its former sympathy in the troubles of 
he American Republic. It was a subject pregnant 
with difficulty and danger to the United States. Indif- 
ference would have been construed by the French 
government into ingratitude — interference in its behalf 

rshall's Life of Washington, Vol. III. p. 553. 

c 



^O BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH, 

would have been considered, by all the other European 
governments, as a declaration of war against them. 
The penetrating sagacity of Washington, saw the gath- 
ering storm. Aware that it would require all the wis- 
dom and all the energy of the American councils to 
conciliate the French Republic, without becoming a 
party in the tremendous contest in which it was then 
engaged, he determined to appoint a minister plenipo- 
tentiary to the court of the Republic. 

Unknown to Mr. Monroe — unsought by his numer- 
ous and powerful friends, and unexpected by them all, 
he received the appointment of minister plenipotentia- 
ry to the French Republic, in 1794. 

When he arrived at that court, he was surrounded by 
a people whose skill in diplomacy, is eqalled only by 
their prowess in the field. Those who participated 
in the high excitement of the public feeling at this pe- 
riod, can best judge of the difficulty of the duty the 
American minister had to discharge. The writer of 
♦his sketch can judge only from reading its history, 
The dignity and independence of his native country 
he never would sacrifice, nor even affect. The friend- 
ship and amity of the French Republic he sought to 
secure, if it could be secured by measures compatible 
with the honour of his own country. 

Hitherto, Mr. Monroe had reaped an abundant re- 
ward for the incessant devotion to the cause of his na- 
tive land in the thankfulness and approbation of his 
countrymen. But the time had now come, when his 
official conduct, equally upright and honourable, as all 
his previous conduct had been, was to meet with the se- 
vere animadversions of a great party among his fellow 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 27 

citizens. Washington, during the residence of Mr. Mon- 
roe in France, was at the head of the American ad- 
ministration. He was the life's blood of the Republic. 
His sanction to measures, and his approbation of men, 
gave to the one importance — to the other reputation. 
His disapprobation, rendered both unpopular with A- 
mericans. He recalled Mr. Monroe, and issued his 
celebrated proclamation ef neutrality. From that time 
commenced the coldness of the French court toward 
the American Republic ; from that time commenced 
the unfounded clamour in America, against James Mon- 
roe. The letter recalling him was written by Timo- 
thy Pickering, then Secretary of State, and contained 
an implied censure of his diplomatic conduct. The 
injunction in the letter was immediately obeyed, and 
Mr. Monroe returned, after nearly three years of as- 
siduous duty, rendered his country, at the French 
court 

His feelings upon this occasion, can be better ima- 
gined than described. He had served with Washing- 
ton in the " tented field ;" he had acted with him in 
the national councils ; by him he had been nominated 
to the high office of an ambassador, and by him was re- 
moved from it, with implied disapprobation of his con- 
duct. At such a period, in the life of a high public 
character, nothing but conscious integrity can impart to 
a man self respect, and internal tranquillity. 

Upon his return to America, he was received at 

York, Philadelphia, and in his native state, also 

the native state of Washington, with every demonstra- 

undiminished respect. He found his country- 



28 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

men divided into two great political sects, called the 
Republican and Federal parties. The former approv- 
ed, and the latter disapproved of his conduct as am- 
bassador. Although Mr. Monroe had been too long in 
public life to be enervated by commendation or intimi- 
dated by censure, he knew full well that the sentence 
©f the American people gave to their public characters 
the most exalted reputation ; that the same sentence 
sunk them to a state of the most humiliating neglect. 
He could not have said, with the greatest orator of the 

eighteenth century " Popularity is often acquired 

zuithout merit, and lost without a fault, and the head that 
is to-day made giddy by the applause of the populace, is, 
to-morrow, stuck upon apole. iy Had he, by a single act, 
in his official station, affected the honour or indepen- 
dence of the country he repre§ented, silence would 
have been the dictate of policy, and sullen insolence 
the weapon to repel his assailants. But, founded upon 
the rock of conscious integrity, and knowing that his 
countrymen, though jealous, were also generous, he 
immediately presented to them " A view of his Mis- 
sion to France." The hoarse and dissonant notes of 
censure were instantly changed into the mild and cheer- 
ing accents of approbation. Washington, although like 
the greatest men, he might be led to censure through 
misapprehension ; yet he never would approve with- 
out the clearest evidence of merit, declared — " He 

STILL BELIEVED JaMES MoNROE TO BE AN HONEST MAN *' 

Mr. Monroe's respect for that great man continued un- 
diminished, to the day when, by the king of terror? 
was rendered as immortal as his own glory. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 29 

The approbation bestowed upon the recalled minis- 
ter was not that unmeaning applause which is unaccom- 
panied with some substantial tokens of respect ; for he 
was again, by the nomination of his immediate predeces- 
sor, James Madison, elected governour of Virginia, by 
the legislature of that state. He filled this station du- 
ring the constitutional term of three years ; and at the 
close of it received, what is believed to have been re- 
ceived by no other governour in the union, a unanimous 
vote of thanks from both branches of the legislature. 

Mr. Monroe, having from his minority to this period 
of his life, alternately served his native state and the 
whole Republic in the most exalted and responsible 
stations in the home department — having performed an 
arduous tour of duty in a diplomatic character at a for- 
eign court, he had secured the confidence of all his 
countrymen, excepting that part of them whose politi- 
cal intolerance induces some to withhold the meed of 
praise, and the sentence of approbation, when they are 
conscious it is deserved. 

Mr. Monroe, directly after the termination of his 
gubernatorial station in Virginia, was again called to 
support the rights of his country at a foreign court. 
Louisiana had been ceded to France by Spain. The 
right of deposite at New-Orleans had been secured to 
he American Republic, by the latter power • and the 
right was suppressed in a manner, and at a time, cal- 
cukt^d to excite a ferment in the public mind, which 
scarce any other event could have produced. . 

The free navigation of the river Mississippi, is of 
ajnost equal importance to that of the Atlantic ocean 
to tht American states. To the immense and fertile 



2 



60 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

region of the western states and territories, its impor 
tance is invaluable. It is their great highway to the 
ocean, and without the use of its waters, the rapidly 
rising importance of this portion of the Republic, 
would not only be checked, but would be almost anni- 
hilated. 

France, being in possession of Louisiana, and com- 
manding the mouth of this river, the suppression of the 
right of deposite at New-Orleans, the great depot of 
this majestic stream, excited apprehensions that the 
French government were about to cut off the commer- 
cial pursuits of the western states. The people of 
America were convulsed with indignation, and many 
exclaimed, with an ancient Roman, " my voice is still 
for war." The pacific policy of Mr. Jefferson, then 
at the head of the administration, induced him to resort 
*d negociation. 

Mr. Monroe, in 1803, was sent as envoy extraordi- 
nary, and minister plenipotentiary to the court of 
France upon this momentous subject. However ar^ 
duousthe duty devolved upon him by this appointment, 
it must have been grateful to his feelings. — Without 
doing violence to propriety, James Monroe may be 
called the guardian genius of the Mississippi. In the 
old Congress, he first brought his countrymen to reflec 
upon the incalculable value of this river to the Ame* 
can Republic. In the Virginia convention, he display- 
ed all the energy of his capacious mind upon tb 
important subject ; and in his previous mission 
France, it was incidentally brought into diiCUSBH 
Upon this subject, he was at home. 

His appointment as ambassador, to negociat* 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 31 

this subject at the Court of St. Cloud, evinced the po- 
litical sagacity and deep penetration, which Mr. Jef- 
ferson was acknowledged by all to possess. It cannot 
now be determined how successful any other negociator 
might have been, at the artful court of France ; but 
it may fairly be presumed that the personal influence 
of Mr. Monroe, from his previous diplomatic charac- 
ter in that country, induced that government to grant to 
this country, what perhaps it would not have granted 
through the medium of any other American diplomatist. 
Be this as it may, it is now universally acknowledged, 
that the cession of Louisiana, was one of the most 
important acquisitions to the American Republic which 
could have been made. It secured to this country the 
exclusive navigation of the finest stream on the globe. 
It brought to the national treasury, a treasure almost 
inexhaustible. 

The Louisiana treaty was conjointly made by Mr, 
Monroe and Mr. Livingston, the American ministers 
resident at the court of St. Cloud. 

Mr. Monroe, having effected the great object of his 
mission to France, proceeded immediately to London, 
as successor of Mr. Rufus King, who had obtained per- 
mission to return to America. 

The duties to be performed by the American minis- 
ter at the court of St. James, at this period, were no 
less arduous, than those he had performed at St. Cloud. 

Mr. Monroe seems to have been brought into the 
world to be the being upon whom the hopes of his 
ountr were to be reposed upon subjects touching 
the. vest interests. 

^ e ari:?ed in London in 1803, and remained there 













32 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

until the latter part of the year 1804. Early in 1805, 
he was dispatched to the Spanish court at Madrid, to 
negociate, jointly with Mr. Charles Pinckney, a treaty 
with the Spanish government. This- could not then be 
effected. 

He returned from Madrid to London, at about the 
time of the death of William Pitt, and resumed his ne- 
gotiation with the British commissioners, lord Holland 
and lord Auckland. Mr. William Pinckney was asso- 
ciated with him in this negociation ; and, united toge- 
ther, composed a special mission from the American 
government. Their instructions from their own go- 
vernment were specific. — 1st, To provide against the 
future impressment of American Seamen.— 2d, To 
agree upon a definition of neutral rights. — 3d, To es- 
tablish a demarkation of boundaries. 

Mr. Fox succeeded Mr. Pitt in the administration of 
the British government, and the negociation finally 
ended in making a treaty, to use the language of Mr. 
Monroe, " the best that could then be obtained." But 
it contained no provision against impressment, and of 
course not within the special instructions just mention- 
ed. It was for this reason that it was immediate!}' re- 
jected by President Jefferson. That consummate 
statesman could not endure that his countrymen should, 
any longer, be captivated upon the ocean, when tra 
versing that highway of nations, in authorised commer- 
cial pursuits. The American mission were instru::ed 
to make another attempt, by negociation, to secure 
their countrymen against an injury so degrading to an 
independent nation — such an invasion upon the rigH* 5 
of man. The second attempt was, like the fii 
successful. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 3£ 



Hitherto the American seamen had been impressed 
only from merchantmen ; and although an injury to in- 
dividuals is an injury to the nation, yet, in the attack 
upon the Chesapeake, a national vessel, the national 
dignity was directly insulted. To impress seamen from 
an U. S. Frigate, belonging to an infant navy, whose 
gallantry in the Mediterranean, had excited the admi- 
ration, and even the jealousy of Nelson, produced a 
ferment in the American Republic, which never could 
subside until ample reparation was obtained. Mr. 
BIonroe, who continued Minister resident at the British 
court, was instructed to demand reparation. He 
promptly demanded it, and pressed the demand with 
such determined energy, that the administration dis- 
patched Mr. Rose on a special mission to the American 

Republic. 

This event closed the diplomatic character of Mr. 
Monroe in Europe. He had gone through a course of 
duty in diplomacy, which has never hitherto devolved 
upon an American. He returned to America, after an 
absence of five years, and retired to his private resi- 
dence in Albemarle county, Virginia. 

In 1810, he was, the third time, called to the office 
of Chief Magistrate of Virginia. But he had now be- 
come identified with the whole Republic, and was 
called to the most important station in it, except the 
. one which he now sustains.— In 1811, he was appoint^ 
ed Secretary of State, of the United States. 

Two of the most powerful nations of Europe, France 
and England, rivals by nature, and by centuries of 

ruggles for dominion, were now both guilty of aggres- 
sions against the American Republic. Mr. Monroe, as 



34 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

Secretary, conducted the correspondence on behalf of 
the American government, with both these powers, 
with a firmness and moderation that excited the undi- 
vided approbation of his fellow citizens. The concili- 
atory disposition manifested by the government, through 
the offiicial communications of Mr. Monroe to the Brit- 
ish minister, Mr. Foster, rather increased than dimin- 
ished the insolence of the British cabinet. The time 
had come when Americans, having emancipated them- 
selves from British tyranny, when in a state of infancy, 
would no longer be reduced to submission, having ar- 
rived to manhood. War was declared against an ene- 
my who would not be brought to conciliation by negoti- 
ation. 

The expediency, necessity or justice of the second 
war for American Independence cannot be discussed 
in this place ; and however passionately it might have 
once engaged the two great parties of the American 
Republic, the glory acquired in it, and the independence 
secured by it, have decided the question. The part 
taken in it by Mr. Monroe is what belongs to this 
Sketch. 

The two first campaigns of that war were certainly 
calculated to excite the deepest solicitude of the ad- 
ministration. Although, in detached parts of the army 
and navy, exploits were achieved which would gild 
the pages of any history, yet it requi. 1 the en- 

ergy of the Republic, to resist the power of f iin 
and their Indian allies in America By the aid of 
" Allied Sovereigns," the British empire \\ 
their power in Europe, and direr pow- 

er against the American States, iitish Co- 

confidently expecting to re-colonize them 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. OO 

Her most experienced admirals assailed us upon the 
ocean — her generals, who had conquered in Spain, 
Portugal, and France, attacked us upon land. From 
Castine to New-Orleans, upon the seaboard — from 
New Orleans to Plattsburgh, upon the western frontier 
the Republic was encountered by an implacable foe. 
Death, ravishment and conflagration, with all their ap- 
palling horrors, had been witnessed upon many parts of 
the seaboard and the frontier, and Washington had been 
subjected to the torches of the Vandal warriors. At 
this disastrous period, Mr. Monroe was called upon to 
head the department of war, and at the same time, to 
conduct the department of state. 

Although the war had raged sometime, the fact will 
authorize the assertion, that the departments were 
not only in a deficient state, but in a state of almost 
inextricable disorder. The Commissary, the Quarter- 
master, and the Hospital departments needed a radical 
reform. Mr. Monroe devoted himself with such un- 
ceasing assiduity to the arduous duty now devolved up- 
on him, that he nearly became a victim to death. He 
saw the enemy, repelled in almost every section of the 
union, directing all their forces by land and sea agaiest 
the great key of the country, New Orleans. The 
Mississippi, which Mr. Monroe may almost be said to 
have acquired for his country, was now in danger of be- 
coming the highway for its enemy into the bosom of 
the Republic. But what was acquired by the wisdom of 
the Statesman, was defended by the judicious arrange- 
ment of the Soldier. 

From the conclusion of peace in 1815, to the 4th of 
March, 1817. Mr. Monroe continued in the Depart 



36 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

ment of State, at which time he was raised to the high- 
est station at this time, upon earth, that of President 
of the United States. 

The great principles upon which he will conduct his 
administration, are contained in his Inaugural Speech 
and First Message to Congress. 

In the summer and autumn of 1817, Mr. Monroe 
made his first Tour through the states of Maryland, 
Pennsylvania, Ohio, New- Jersey,- New York, and 
New England : and was every where received with 
those demonstrations of attachment and respect which 
all the potentates of the Eastern world may justly envy 3 
but cannot hope to enjoy. 

In December, 1817, Mr. Monroe met the first 
Congress that was assembled under his administration. 
Never, since the immortalized and sainted Washing- 
ton first appeared at the head ef that august body, has 
any President been received with more marked tokens 
of sincere respect, and deserved admiration. The 
great councillors of the nation reposed in him a confi- 
dence almost unlimited. Not that confidence which is 
enforced ; and which induced an eminent English states- 
man to declare, (when called upon to place it in M the 
ministry ,") — " Necessary confidence is at best but a ne- 
cessary evil." It was a confidence arising from cordial 
approbation : and that approbation was founded upon 
deserved merit. 

His first Message is in the hands of all, and by all, 
admired. It evinces a familiar knowledge of the great 
principles of our admirable Constitution, and of the 
great interests of our expanding Republic. 

Soon after the close of the session of Congress in 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. J? 

1818, the President commenced his Second Tour, 
which was rendered very limited by the pressing ne- 
cessity of his presence at the seat of government. 

The appalling horrours of Indian warfare, were ex- 
hibiting its tragical scenes upon the borders of the states 
and territories hounding upon Florida. Aided and 
abetted by foreign emissaries, more destitute of mer- 
cy and principle, if possible, than the Seminoles them- 
selves, these wretched and barbarous outcasts, even 
from savage society, were spreading consternation, ha- 
voc, torture and death, amongst the defenceless, and 
then undefended citizens upon the frontiers. 

The President, assisted by the councils of a Cabinet 
of profound and patriotic statesmen, resorted to meas- 
ures calculated to meet the emergency. 

In ANDREW JACKSON, commander in chief of 
the division of the south, the President found a 
man fit for any emergency, — a Statesman, cool and dis- 
passionate — a Soldier, terrible in battle and mild in 
victory — a Patriot, whose bosom swelled with love of 
country — in fine a man, " whose like we scarce shall look 
upon again." 

The war with the Seminoles and their diabolical in- 
stigators, ended in the complete discomfiture of both ; 
and the measures of James Monroe in the Cabinet s 
and of Andrew Jackson in the Field, have met with 
the approbation of an immense majority of the Ameri- 
can people. 

Mr. Monroe, ever keeping in view the rights and the 
interests of the Republic, and fully determined that 
neither should be wantonly invaded, was determined 
that the controversy, so long pending between the go- 

D 



38 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

vernment over which he now so happily presides, and 
that of Spain, over which the imbecile and tyrannical 
Ferdinand VII. wields the sceptre of despotic power, 
should be adjusted, caused a negotiation to be entered 
into, which has terminated in the cession of the Flori- 
das to the American government. 

The advantages of this cession can scarcely now be 
duly appreciated. It relieves an extensive frontier 
from a civilized and barbarous foe — it gives to us al- 
most the complete command of the Gulf of Mexico- 
it increases our national resources — it invites the ne- 
ver ending enterprise of our citizens to extend the set- 
tlement of our immense Republic — and in short, it is 
an acquisition, second only to that of Louisiana, for 
which the nation is indebted to James Monroe. 

The President is now, (July 1819) upon his Third 
Tour through the Southern and Western States. 



THE 

ELECTION, INAUGURATION, AND 
INAUGURAL SPEECH, 

OP 

JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 



IN an hereditary government, the standing axiom 
5S . — the king never dies — and when the prince who 
wears the diadem, pays the great debt of nature, it is 
called the demise of the crown. It passes from the head 
of the deceased monarch to that of the heir apparent ; 
and the operation of the royal prerogative is never sus- 
pended. It has, indeed, often occurred, that crowns 
have been wrested from the heads of legitimate mon- 
archs, placed upon the brows of an usurper, and the 
line of royal succession broken. The violent death of 
princes in despotic governments is often a part of 
their blood-stained histories. From the perilous ele- 
vation upon which they are placed, to the gulf of de- 
struction yawning beneath them, there is often but one 
step, and that is — assassination. The throne of a strang- 
led Paul, is now occupied by Alexander, his imperious 
son. Sometimes thrones have been voluntarily or co- 
ercivcly abdicated by one line of princes, and assumed 
by another, The house of Stuart, of England, in this 



1® ELECTION, &LC. 

way was compelled to yield to that of Brunswick, The 
Bourbons, for the last quarter of a century, were ex- 
iles ; but that league, called the "Allied Sovereigns," 
that tremendous association of earthly potentates, 
which seems to threaten the annihilation of the rights 
of man, has placed Louis XVIII. upon the throne of 
France, and Ferdinand VII. upon that of Spain. This 
union of " Legitimate Sovereigns," must, at present, 
blast the hopes of heaven-born and patriotic geniuses, 
like Tell, Wallace, and Washington. Humbled and 
degraded man seems to be doomed, in the Eastern 
world, to submit to a power which never emanated 
from them, and which is exercised more for the pur- 
pose of giving splendour to princes, than happiness to 
subjects. 

But in the Western hemisphere, the luminary of the 
universe sheds its rays upon a people born free, and 
enjoying freedom. In the spiritual world, the Star 
in the East arose, and still sheds its beams upon a re- 
deemed world. In the political world the sun of free- 
dom arose in the West. What American bosom is 
there but must swell with undissembled gratitude to 
that Almighty Being who holds the destiny of man at 
his disposal. The history of the last half century is 
ihe record of their glory, and each revolving year has 
added one to the calendar of their temporal felicity. 
They have seen a revolution gloriously terminated— 
a constitution immoveably established. They have en- 
ioyed the splendid and happy administrations of Wash- 
ington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison. They 
have seen them placed in the chair of state by the free 
suffrages of their countrymen, and pursuing the best in- 



ELECTION, &C* 41 



'j 



terest of the people hi every measure of their govern- 
ment. They have mourned, in the deepest shades of 
sorrow, at the departure of the first from the world, 
and now rejoice in seeing the others enjoying, in the 
bosom of their grateful countrymen, all the blessings of 
philosophic retirement. They now witness the com- 
mencement of a new administration under JAMES 
MONROE. In him they recognize the scientific schol- 
ar, the patriotic soldier, and the experienced states- 
man. To him thev look with a confidence that will not 
be deceived, and with hopes that will be realized, as 
t© a political father. 

The following interesting account of the Inaugura- 
tion, and the President's Inaugural Speech, is extract- 
ed from a Washington Gazette. 



"£>' 



Washington, March 5th, 1817, 
THE INAUGURATION. 

Under the auspices of a delightful day, yesterday 
took place the interesting ceremony attendant on the 
entrance of the President elect of the United States, 
on the duties of his arduous station. The ceremony 
and the spectacle was simple, but grand, animating, and 
impressive. 

At half after 1 1 o'clock, the President, with him 
the Vice President elect, left his private residence, at- 
tended by a large cavalcade of citizens on horseback, 
marshalled by the gentlemen appointed to that duty. 

The President reached the Congress Hall a little 
before 12 ; at the same time the Ex-President arrived, 
and the Judges of the Supreme Court. All having en- 
tered the Chamber of the Senate, then in session, the 

D 2 



42 ELECTION, &Ce 

Vice President took the chair, and the oath of office wa,: 
administered to him. A pertinent address was deliver 
ed on the occasion by the Vice-President. 

The ceremony having ended, the Senate adjourned, 
and the President and Vice-President, the Judges of 
-the Supreme Court, the Senate generally, the Mar- 
shals, &c. attended the President to the elevated Porti- 
co, temporarily erected for the occasion, where, in the 
presence of an immense concourse of officers of the 
government, foreign officers, strangers, (ladies as well 
as gentlemen) and citizens, the President rose and de- 
livered the following 

SPEECH : 

I should be destitute of feeling, if I was not deeply 
affected by the strong pxoof which my fellow citizens 
have given me of their confidence in calling me to the 
high office, whose functions I am about to assume. 
As the expression of their good opinion of my conduct 
in the public service, 1 deiive from it a gratification, 
which those who are conscious of having done all that 
they could to merit it, can alone feel. My sensibility 
is increased by a just estimate of the importance of the 
trust, and of the nature and extent of its duties ; with 
the proper discharge of which, the highest interests 
of a great and free people are intimately connected. 
Conscious of my own deficiency, 1 cannot enter on 
those duties without great anxiety for the result. — 
From a just responsibility I shall never shrink ; cal- 
culating with confidence, that in my best efforts to pro- 
mote the public welfare, my motives will be duly ap- 
preciated, and my conduct be viewed with that can- 
dour and indulgence, which I have experienced in oth- 
er stations. 

In commencing the duties of the chief executive office 
it has been the practice of the distinguished men who 
have gone before me, to explain the principles wl.ich 
would govern them in their respective administration? 



ELBCTION, &C» 43 

in following their venerated examples, my attention is 
naturally drawn to the great causes which have con- 
tributed, in a principal degree, to produce the present 
happy condition of the United States. They will best 
explain the nature of our duties, and shed much light 
on the policy which ought to be pursued in future. 

From the commencement of our revolution to the 
present day, almost forty years have elapsed, and from 
the establishment of this constitution, twenty-eight. 
Through this whole term, the government has been, 
what may emphatically be called self-government ; and 
what has been the effect ? To whatever object we turn 
our attention, whether it relates to our foreign or do- 
mestic concerns, we find abundant cause to felicitate 
ourselves in the excellence of our institutions. Dur- 
ing a period, fraught with difficulties, and marked by 
very extraordinary events, the United States have 
flourished beyond example — The citizens, individually,, 
have been happy, and the nation prosperous. 

Under this constitution, our commerce has been 
wisely regulated with foreign nations, and between the 
states ; new states have been admitted into our Union ; 
our territory has been enlarged, by fair and honour- 
able treaty, and with great advantage to the original 
states ; the states, respectively, protected by the 
national government, under a mild parental system, 
against foreign dangers, and enjoying, within their sep- 
arate spheres, by a wise partition of power, a just pro- 
portion of the sovereignty, have improved their police, 
extended their settlements, and attained a strength and 
maturity which are the best proof of wholesome laws, 
well administered. And if we look to the condition of 
individuals, what a proud spectacle does it exhibit ! 
On whom has oppression fallen in any quarter of our 
Union ? Who has been deprived of any right of person 
or property ? Who restrained from offering his vows, 
in the mode which he prefers, to the Divine Author of 
his being ? It is well known, that all these blessings 
have been enjoyed in their fullest extent ; and I add, 
with peculiar satisfaction, that there has been no ex- 
ample of a capital punishment being inflicted on u^y oi*e 
for the crime of high treason. 



44 ELECTION, &C. 



Some, who might admit the competency of our gov- 
ernment to these beneficent duties, might doubt it in 
trials which put to the test its strength and efficiency, 
as a member of the great community of nations. Here, 
too, experience has afforded us the most satisfactory 
proof in its favor. Just as this constitution was put 
into action several of the principal powers of Europe 
had become much ngitated, and some of them seri- 
ously convulsed. Destructive wars ensued, which 
have, of late only, been terminated. In the course of 
these conflict*, the United States received great injury 
from several of the parties. It was their interest to 
stand aloof from the contest ; to demand justice from 
the party committing the injury ; and to cultivate, by 
a fair and honourable conduct, the friendship of all. 
War became at length inevitable, and the result has 
shewn, that our government is equal to the greatest 
of trials, under the most unfavourable circumstances. 
Of the virtue of the people, and of the heroic exploits 
of the army, the navy, and of the militia, 1 need not 
speak. 

Such, then, is the happy government under which 
we live ; a government adequate to every purpose for 
which the social compact is formed ; a government 
elective in all its branches, under which every citizen 
may, by his merit, obtain the highest trust recognized 
by the constitution ; which contains within it no cause 
of discord ; none to put at variance one portion of the 
community with another ; a government which pro- 
tects every citizen in the full enjoyment of his rights^ 
and is able to protect the nation against injustice from 
foreign powers. 

Other considerations of the highest importance ad- 
monish us to cherish our union, and to cling to the 
government which supports it. Fortunate as we are 
in our political institutions, we have not been less so 
in other circumstances, on which our prosperity and 
happiness essentially depend. Situated within the tem- 
perate zone, and extending through many degrees of 
latitude along the Atlantic, the United States enjo> all 
the varieties of climate, and every production incident to 



f 

ELECTION, &C. 4^> 

that portion of the globe. Penetrating internally, to 
the great lakes, and beyond the sources of the great 
rivers which communicate through our whole interior, 
no country was ever happier with respect to its do- 
main. Blessed too with a fertile soil, our produce has 
always been very abundant, leaving, even in years the 
Seast favourable, a surplus for the wants of our fellow 
men in other countries. Such is our peculiar felicit}% 
that there is not a part of our union that is not partic- 
ularly interested in preserving it. The great agricul- 
tural interest of the nation prospers under its protection. 
Local interests are not less fostered by it. Our fellow 
citizens of the north, engaged in navigation, find great 
encouragement in being made the favoured carriers of 
the vast productions of the other portions of the. United 
States, while the inhabitants of these are amply recom- 
pensed, in their turn, by the nursery for seamen and 
naval force, thus formed and reared up for the support 
of our common rights. Our manufactures find a gene- 
rous encouragement by the policy which patronizes 
domestic industry ; and the surplus of our produce, a 
steady and profitable market by local wants, in less fa- 
voured parts, at home. 

Such, then, being the highly favoured condition of 
our country, it is the interest of every citizen to main- 
tain it. What are the dangers which menace us? If 
any exist, they ought to -be ascertained and guarded 
against. 

In explaining my sentiments on this subject, it may 
be asked ; what raised us to the present happy <-tate ? 
How did we accomplish the revolution ? How remedy 
the defects of the first instrument of our union, by in- 
fusing into the national government sufficient power for 
aational purposes, without impairing the just rights of 
the states, or affecting those of individuals ? How sus- 
tain, and pass with glory through the late war ? The 
government has been in the hands of ihe people. To 
the people, therefore, and to the faithful and able de- 
positories of their trust, is the credit due. Had the 
people of the United States been educated in different 
principles j had they been less intelligent, less inde- 



46 ELECTIOxV, &C, 

pendent, or less virtuous, can it be believed that we 
should have maintained the same steady and consistent 
career, or been blessed with the same success ? While 
then the constituent body retains its present sound and 
healthful state, every thing will be safe. They will 
choose competent and faithful representatives for every 
department. It is only when the people become igno- 
rant and corrupt ; when they degenerate into a popu- 
lace, that they are incapable of exercising the sove- 
reignty. Usurpation is then an easy attainment, and a 
usurper soon found. The people themselves become 
the willing instruments of their own debasement and 
ruin. Let us then look to the great cause, and en- 
deavour to preserve it in full force. Let us, by all 
wise and constitutional measures, promote intelligence 
among the people, as the best means of preserviug our 
liberties. 

Dangers from abroad are not less deserving ofatten* 
tion. Experiencing the fortune of other nations, the 
United States may be again involved in war, and it nay 
in that event be the object of the adverse party to over- 
set our government, to break our union, and demolish, 
us as a nation. Our distance from Europe, and the 
just, moderate, and pacific policy of our government, 
may form some security against these dangers, but they 
ought to be anticipated and guarded against. Many of 
our citizens are engaged in commerce and navigation, 
and all of them are in a certain degree dependent on 
their prosperous state. Many are engaged in the fish- 
eries. These interests are exposed to invasion in the 
wars between other powers, and we should disregard 
the faithful admonitions of experience if we did not 
expect it. We must support our rights or lose our 
character, and with it, perhaps, our liberties. A peo- 
ple who fail to do it, can scarcely be said to hold a 
place among independent nations. National honour is 
national property of the highest value. The sentiment 
in the mind of every citizen, is national strength. It 
ought therefore to be cherished. $ 

To secure us ag-unst these dangers, our coast and in- 
land frontiers should be fortified, our army and navy 



ELECTION, &C. 47 



regulated upon just principles as to the force of each, 
be kept in perfect order, and our militia be placed on 
the best practicable footing ; to put our extensive coast 
in such a state of defence, as to secure our cities and 
interior from invasion, will be attended with expense, 
but the work, when finished, will be permanent, and it 
is fair to presume, that a single campaign or invasion, 
by a naval force superior to our own, aided by a few 
thousand land troops, would expose us to greater ex- 
pense, without taking into the estimate the loss of pro- 
perty, and distress of our citizens, than would be suffi- 
cient for this great work. Our land and naval forces 
should be moderate, but adequate to the necessary 
purposes. The former to garrison and preserve our 
fortifications, and to meet the first invasions of a foreign 
foe ; and while constituting the elements of a greater 
force, to preserve the science, as well as all the ne- 
cessary implements of war, in a state to be brought into 
activity in the event of war. The latter retained with- 
in the limits proper in a state of peace, might aid in 
maintaining the neutrality of the United States with 
dignity in the wars of other powers, and in saving the 
property of their citizens from spoliation. In time of 
war, with the enlargement of which the great naval re- 
sources of the country render it susceptible, and which 
should be duly fostered in time of peace, it would con- 
tribute essentially both as an auxiliary of defence, and 
as a powerful engine of annoyance, to diminish the ca- 
lamities of war, and to bring the war to a speedy and 
honourable termination. 

But it should always be held prominently in view, 
that the safety of these states, and of every thing dear 
to a free people, must depend in an eminent degree on 
the militia. Invasions may be made, too formidable to 
be resisted by any land and naval force, which it would 
comport, either with the principles of our government, 
or the circumstances of the United States to maintain. 
In such cases, recourse must be had to the great body 
of the people, and in a manner to produce the best ef- 
fect. It is of the highest importance, therefore, that 
they be so organized and trained as to be prepared for 



4S ELECTION, &€. 

any emergency. The arrangement should be such, ab 
to put at the command of the government, the ardem 
patriotism and youthful vigour of the country. If 
formed on equal and just principles, it cannot be op- 
pressive. It is the crisis which makes the pressure, 
and not the laws, which provide a remedy for it. This 
arrangement should be formed, too, in time of peace, to 
be the better prepared for war. With such an organ 
ization, of such a people, the United States have no- 
thing to dread from foreign invasion. At its approach, 
an overwhelming force of gallant men might always be 
put in motion. 

Other interests of high importance will claim atten- 
tion, among which the improvement of our country by 
roads and canals, proceeding always with a constitu- 
tional sanction, holds a distinguished place. By thu9 
facilitating the intercourse between the states, we shall 
add much to the convenience and comfort of our fel- 
low-citizens ; much to the ornament of the country : 
and, what is of greater importance, we shall shorten 
distances, and by making each part more accessible to 
and dependent on the other, we shall bind the union 
more closely together. Nature has done so much for 
us by intersecting the country with so many great riv- 
ers, bays, and lakes, approaching from distant point?, so 
near to each other, that the inducement to complete the 
work seems to be peculiarly strong. A more interest- 
ing spectacle was perhaps never seen than is exhibited 
within the limits of the United States ; a territory so 
vast, and advantageously situated, containing objects so 
grand, so useful, so happily connected in all their parts. 

Our manufactures will likewise req.iire the system- 
atic and fostering care of the government. Possessing, 
as we do, all the raw materials, the fruit of our own soil 
and industry, we ought not to depend in the degree we 
have done on supplies from other countries. While 
we are thus dependent, the sudden event of war, un- 
sought and unexpected, cannot fail to plunge us into the 
most serious difficulties. It is important, too, that the 
capital which nourishes our manufactures should be 
domestic, as its influence in that case, instead of ex- 



ELECTION, && 49 

bausting, as it may do in foreign hands, would be felt 
advantageously on agricultural, and every otherbranch 
of industry. Equally important it is to provide at: 
home a market for our raw materials, as by extending 
the competition, it will enhance the price, and pro- 
tect the cultivator against the casunlities incident to 
foreign markets. 

With the Indian tribes, it is our duty to cultivate 
friendly relations, and to act with kindness and liberal- 
ity in all our transactions. Equally proper it is to per- 
severe in our efforts to extend to them the advantages 
of civilization. 

The great amount of our revenue, and the flourish- 
ing state of the treasury, are a full proof of the com- 
petency of the national resources, for any emergency, 
as they are, of the willingness of our fellow citizens 
to bear the burthens which the public necessities re- 
quire. The vast amount of vacant lands, the value of 
which daily augments, forms an additional resource of 
great extent and duration.' These resources, besides 
accomplishing every other necessary purpose, put it 
completely in the power of the United States, to dis- 
charge the national debt, at an early period. Peace is 
the best time for improvement and preparation of eve- 
ry kind ; it is in peace that our commerce flourishes 
most ; that taxes are most easily paid, and that the re- 
venue is most productive. 

The executive is charged officially, in the depart- 
ments under it, with the disbursement of the public 
money, and is responsible for the faithful application 
of it to the purpose* for which it is raised. The leois- 
lature is the watchful guardian over the public purse. 
It is its duty to see that the disbursement has been hon- 
estly made. To meet the requisite responsibility, ev- 
ery facility should be afforded to the executive to en- 
able it to bring the public agents, entrusted with the 
public money, strictly and promptly to account. No- 
thing should be presumed against them. But if, with 
the requisite facilities, the public money is suffered to 
lie, long and uselessly, in their hands, they will not be 
the only defaulters, nor will the demoralizing effect be 

E 



50 ELECTION, &C. 

confined to them. — It will evince a relaxation, and want 
of tone in the administration, w 7 hich will be felt by the 
whole community. I shall do all I can, to secure econ- 
omy and fidelity in this important branch of the admin- 
istration, and 1 doubt not, that the Legislature will per- 
form its duty with equal zeal. A thorough examina- 
tion should be regularly made, and I will promote it. 

It is particularly gratifying to me, to enter on the 
discharge of these duties, at a time when the United 
States are blessed with peace. It is a state most con- 
sistent with their prosperity and happiness. It will be 
my sincere desire to preserve it, so far as depends on 
the Executive, onjustprinciples, with all nations, claim- 
ing nothing unreasonable, of any, and rendering to 
each what is its due. 

Equally gratifying is it, to witness the increased har- 
mony of opinion, which pervades our Union. Discord 
does not belong to our system. Union is recommended, 
as well by the free and benign principles of our gov- 
ernment, extending its blessings to every individual, as 
by the other eminent advantages attending it. The Ame- 
rican people have encountered together great dangers, 
and sustained ?evere trials with success. They consti- 
tute one great family, with a common interest. Expe- 
rience has enlightened us, on some questions of essen- 
tial importance to the country. The progress has been 
slow, dictated by a just reflection, and a faithful regard 
to every interest connected with it. To promote this 
harmony, in accord with the principles of our republi- 
can government, and in a manner to give them the most 
camplete eftect, and to advance in all other respects 
the best interests of our Union, will be the object of 
mv constant and zealous exertions. 

Never did a government commence under auspices 
so favourable, nor ever was success so complete. If 
we look to the history of other nations, ancient or 
modern, we find no example of a growth so rapid, so 
gigantic ; of a people so prosperous and happy. In 
contemplating what we have still to perform, the heart 
of every citizen must expand with joy, when he re- 
flects how near our government has approached to 



ELECTION, &C. 51 

perfection ; that, in respect to it, we have no essential 
improvement to make ; that the great object is, to pre- 
serve it in the essential principles and features which 
characterize it; and that is to be done, by preserving 
the virtue and enlightening the minds of the people ; 
and as a security against foreign dangers, to adopt such 
arrangements as are indispensable to the support of our 
Independence, our Rights, and Liberties. If we per- 
severe in the career in which we have advanced so 
far, and in the path already traced, we cannot fail, un- 
der the favour of a gracious providence, to attain the 
digh destiny which seems to await us. 

In the administrations of the illustrious men who 
have preceded me in this high station, with some of 
whom I have been connected by the closest ties from 
early life, examples are presented, which will always 
be found highly instructive and useful to their succes- 
sors. From these I shall endeavour to derive all the 
advantages which they may atford. Of my immediate 
predecessor, under whom so important a portion of 
this great and successful experiment has been made, 
i shall be pardoned for expressing my earnest wishes, 
that he may long enjoy, in his retirement, the affec* 
tions of a grateful country, the best reward of exalted 
talents, and the most faithful and meritorious services. 
Relying on the aid to be derived from the other de- 
partments of the government, I enter on the trust to 
which I have been called by the suffrages of my fellow- 
citizens, with my fervent prayers to the Almighty, that 
He will be graciously pleased to continue to us that 
protection which he has already so conspicuously dis- 
mayed in our favour. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Having concluded his address, the oath of office was 
administered to him by the Chief Justice of the Uni- 
ted States. The oath was announced by a single gun. 
and followed by salutes from the Navy Yard and the 
battery ; from Fort Warburton, and from several pie 
ces of artillery on the ground. 

The President was received on his arrival, with mi- 



52 ELECTION, &C. 

liiary honours, by the Marine Corps, by the George- 
town Riflemen, a company of Artillery and two com 
panies of Infantry from Alexandria ; and on his return 
was saluted in like manner. 

It is impossible to compute with any thing like accu- 
racy the number of carriages, horses, and persons pre- 
sent. Such a concourse was never before seen in 
Washington ; the number of persons present being es- 
timated from five to eight thousand. The mildness and 
radiance of the day cast a brilliant hue on the com- 
plexion of the whole ceremony ; and it is satisfactory 
to say, that we heard of no accident during the day, 
notwithstanding the magnitude of the assemblage. 

The President and his Lady, after his return, re 
ceived at their dwelling the visits of their friends, of 
the Heads of Departments, most of the Senators and 
Representatives, of all the Foreign Ministers at the 
seat of government, of strangers and citizens, who 
also generally paid the tribute of their unabated respect 
to Mr. and Mrs. Madison. 

The evening concluded with a splendid ball at Da- 
vis' Hotel ; at which were present the President and 
Ex-President and their Ladies, the Heads of Depart- 
ments, Foreign Ministers, and an immense throng of 
strangers and citizens. 

Thus has commenced the administration of James 
Monroe. In the utmost warmth of our good wishes, 
we cannot wish him a more honourable, a more grate- 
ful termination of his official life, than that which has 
crowned the administration of James Madison. 

The principles developed in his Inaugural Speech, 
are such as, adhered to, will triumphantly bear him 
through. They are those of the honest Republican, 



ELECTION, &C. &3 

and at the same time the practical statesman. They 
afford us the highest presage of an upright and unso 
phislicated administration of the puhlic affairs, on the 
solid principles of the constitution, as regulated by rea- 
son, and tempered by the wisdom of experience. 

I cannot dismiss this subject without adding the fol- 
lowing article from a Dublin paper. It evinces the 
acknowledged eloquence of Irishmen, and shows that 
while they are groaning in the agony of bondage them- 
selves, they can justly appreciate the unparalleled 
blessings enjoyed by Americans. 

" The American papers furnish us with the inaugu- 
ral speech of the next President, Mr. Monroe. This 
is a document of very considerable interest. It is im- 
possible to read it without admiring the wisdom and ta- 
lents of the speaker. The President boasts that the 
United States is the happiest nation that now exists, or 
ever did exist in the world. We believe it ; and if it 
be the fact, what a high place among the benefactors of 
mankind, will the future historian bestow upon the il- 
lustrious predecessors of James Monroe, the Washing- 
tons, the Jeffersons, and the Madisons. 

" Fortunate America ! Proceed in your glorious ca- 
reer. From your progress the nations of the earth 
will derive the most instructive lesson that has ever 
yet been held out to them. Guided by counsels of 
wisdom, firmness, and moderation, America will be in 
reality " the great nation ;" whose existence wjll not 
depend on the event of a single campaign in the war ; 
the bulk of whose people will not in peace be composed 
of a wretched, half fed, uneducated, depraved and de- 
graded populace. 

E2 



?4 ELECTION, &C* 

'* Who does not see in the distance, the fast ap- 
proaching mightiness of this youthful empire, but now 
emerging from infancy ; the creation of our own day, 
the growth of a few years !'* 

The following extempore address was made to a 
small party, upon March 4th, 1817. 

Fellow Citizens — This day completes twenty eight 
years since our republican government has been in 
operation. Eight of those years the political Saviour 
of his country, the father of republicans, George Wash- 
ington, wielded the sceptre of political power. " Mod- 
ern Degeneracy" could not reach this immaculate re- 
publican. For four years we were under the admin- 
istration of John Adams, a statesman in theory, and now 
a practical republican, After him, arose the splendid 
sun of republicanism — Thomas Jefferson — his friends 
were the friends of benevolence ; in him, they recog- 
nized the man who was willing to devote his great mind, 
to the service of his great country. His successor, 
James Madison, united in himself the cool, reflect- 
ing philosopher, with the honest and patriotic statesman. 
This day places James Monroe in the chair of State — he 
tills the highest station allotted toman — how contempti- 
ble appear the thrones of legitimate sovereigns, filled 
by kings who encumber them by the accident of birth, 
when compared with the Presidential chair of nineteen 
republican states, occupied by a patriot placed thereon, 
by the intelligent voice of ten millions of freemen. On 
this occasion let me propose a toast : 

JAMES MONROE — As he is this day placed upon 
the highest station on earth, may bis administration 
evince to the world that he is able to fill it. 



TOUR, &c. 



TO behold the Supreme Magistrate of a great and 
growing people, leaving the seat of government, where 
he might have enjoyed repose, the society and inter- 
course of the highest officers of his Cabinet, and the 
most eminent statesmen of his country ; where he 
might have been favoured with the presence of foreign 
ministers, representing the leading nations of the world ; 
to see him leaving these enjoyments, to endure the fa- 
tigues, and, at times, the privations of exploring the 
country over which he is called to preside, is a scene 
which is seldom witnessed, and cannot be viewed but 
with the liveliest interest. Most of the potentates who 
encumber thrones by the accident of princely birth, or 
the aid of abused power, moulder away life in gorgeous 
palaces, and enervate their minds by unceasing volup- 
tuousness. They live in ignorance of their subjects, 
r r their wants, and of their injuries ; and are so doubt- 
ful of their fidelity, that fear conceals them from their 
view. Scarcely dare they travel the capitals where 
they reside, without an army in miniature to protect 
them from assaults from their own subjects. Not so 
with the President of the United States of Ame- 
rica. When the dictates of duty, or the calls of incli- 
nation induces him to explore any portion of the im- 
mense country over which he is appointed to preside^ 



66 president's tour. 



so far from apprehending danger from his fellow-citi- 
zens, he is sure to be welcomed by them with the joy- 
ous acclamations of attachment. A splendid equipage 
and a numerous retinue will attract the observation of 
the world. Like the passing meteor, it will excite the 
admiration of some, the wonder of others, and the at- 
tention of all. The traveller is forgotten in the impos- 
ing splendour that surrounds him. 

When James Monroe projected a Tour through the 
Northern and Eastern States, he did not wish to make 
it an excursion of splendid pleasure and evanescent 
amusement, but of business and observation ; and 
chose rather to see than to be seen. He had been elect- 
ed and inaugurated as President of the United States. 
He must have been deeply impressed with the " mag- 
nitude of the undertaking" He must have known that 
it was an arduous task to fill the chair that had been 
previously occupied by Washington, Adams, Jeffer- 
son, and Madison. He knew he had a duty of no trif- 
ling nature to perform ; that he was called to preside 
over an intelligent people, enjoying the only well con- 
stituted Republic upon earth ; that this people were 
ever jealous of their political rights, and not always 
grateful to theii best benefactors. He knew, full well, 
that he was in a station different from that of a despotic 
prince whose will is law ; and that he was accountable 
for every act of his Presidential power to the people who 
authorized him to exercise it. 

The man who seeks his own tranquillity and emolu- 
ment, in preference to the happiness and wealth of 
his country, would certainly have avoided a station 
where the utmost rectitude is rewarded but by "faint 



president's tour. 6? 

praise," and where the least deviation from popular 
opinion is condemned by " curses, not only deep, but 
hud;" where miscarriage is certain to meet with con- 
demnation, and the most punctilious regard to duty can 
scarcely hope to be rewarded with approbation. Our 
present Chief Magistrate needed not to fill the exalted 
station which he now adorns, to add to the reputation 
which he had previously acquired ; a reputation ac- 
quired, not by a single fortunate act, but by a continu- 
ed series of important duties. His fellow-citizens had 
seen him, in civil life, rising from a common magis- 
trate, to the high office of Secretary of State ; m a mi- 
litary life, from a subaltern in the army, to the office of 
Secretary at War. Nor were his duties confined to the 
home department. When diplomatic science became 
necessary to settle the jarring interests between the 
American Republic and the court of France, they had 
traced him there in the capacity of an Ambassador, 
When his native country, the second in the world in 
commercial consequence, was contending with theirs? 
upon commercial principles, they followed him to the 
court of Saint James in the same capacity. When 
Madison was about to retire from the Presidential 
chair, the anxious eyes of ten millions of Freemen 
were cast upon him as the practical, as well as the the- 
oretical statesman. By an unanimity almost without a 
parallel, he was called to the exalted station of Presi- 
dent of the United States. Well might he have wished 
to retire to the peaceful and tranquil shades of private 
life, after a long course of labour devoted to the public 
service ; but he did not shrink from the high responsi- 
bility of this important station when called to fill it 



7^ 



d8 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

As soon as the, necessary arrangements could be made 
at the seat of government, he contemplated a Tour 
through an important section of the union ; a section 
which, during the revolutionary struggle, achieved 
deeds of glory unrivalled in Grecian or Roman history, 
and which, during the second war for American Inde- 
pendence , was assailed in almost every point by a foe, 
who considers America as her most dangerous rival. 

The Northern and Eastern States, being exposed to 
the incursions of a British Army by land, and by a for- 
eign Fleet from the ocean, the President deemed it ex- 
pedient and necessary to have an occular view of a sec- 
tion of the Union thus exposed. With the eye of a 
Scholar, he could view it in the progress that had been 
made in the arts and sciences — as a Statesman, he could 
estimate its consequences in a political point of view ; 
and, as a Soldier, he could devise the best means for 
its defence against an enemy. Having these important 
objects in view, he thought little of the gratification of 
fancy ; and chose rather, in a plain unostentatious man- 
ner to examine the country for the purpose of advan- 
cing its real interest, than, nith magnificent equipage 
to excite the unmeaning admiration of its inhabitants. 
He selected for his companion in his travels the Chief 
Engineer of the United States, Gen. Joseph G. Swift. 
It had been announced in the leading prints of the un- 
ion, that the President had resolved to travel in the 
most private manner, that he might the better accom- 
plish the object of his Tour. Having long been a wit- 
ness of the splendour and magnificence of European 
courts ; having noticed a disposition in his countrymen 
to imitate the gorgeous and splendid parade of Europe* 



president's tour. 59 

an nobility, and knowing that a devotion to it was to- 
tally incompatible with the discharge of important pub- 
lic duties, he determined to avoid it. However gratify- 
ing it may be to a chief magistrate who owes his exal- 
tation to the suffrages of an intelligent people, to be re- 
ceived by that people in. a cordial manner, and to hear 
from them the unequivocal expressions of their appro- 
bation, Mr. Monroe was sensible that the public man- 
ifestation of it in the numerous large towns through 
which his duty led him to pass would tend to divert his 
attention from the great objects of his tour. He wish- 
ed to avoid it, but it was a wish that could not be gra- 
tified. His fellow citizens, in almost every section of 
the country, had manifested their admiration for the 
heroes of the Army and Navy. Their presence had 
called forth the highest manifestation of their feeling6, 
by public celebrations, public feasts, and the bestowment 
of tokens of approbation. The swords that are worn 
by their sides, or that are deposited with their ar- 
chives, have stamped upon them evidence of the gra- 
titude of their countrymen. The services of plate that 
ornament their boards, have been presented as rewards 
for their valour. Americans well know that the De- 
partment of State and the Department of War, were both 
managed by James Monroe, during the most splendid 
campaign recorded in history. When he became Pres- 
ident, and was about to explore an important section of 
his native country, his fellow citizens could not be re- 
strained from showing him some evidence of their at- 
tachment. His elevated rank precluded them from be- 
stowing any token of their respect but that of hearts 
glowing with patriotic fervour, and pouring forth their 
gratitude to their political father» 



tfO PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

When about to leave the seat of government, hal- 
lowed by the name of the political saviour of America, 
he beheld the City of Washington rising into conse- 
quence. He had explored its site when a wilderness ; 
he then saw it adorned with the finest specimens of 
modern architecture. He beheld the Capitol, the 
pride of his countrymen, and the admiration of the 
world, rising, like a phoenix, out of the ashes of Van- 
dal warfare, with redoubled splendour. He beheld the 
majestic Potomack, which had recently been visited by 
a squadron of a hostile and barbarous foe, now whiten- 
ed by American canvas. He might contemplate this 
as the permanent seat of government of the rising Re- 
public of America. Local interest and sectional par- 
tiality, have sometimes induced a wish that the gov- 
ernment might be removed from the place which 
Washington selected as the most eligible one for its 
permanent establishment. The partial destruction of 
it during the last war, was used as an argument in favor 
of a removal. It may be answered with the remark, 
that, to remove the seat of government from the place 
where the nation, by her beloved Chief and her rep- 
resentatives had established it, merely because an ene- 
my, in open violation of the established rules of civilized 
warfare, had partially demolished it, would be gratify- 
ing the wishes of an insolent foe, and surrendering the 
national dignity. 

Since this part of the work was written, the Presi- 
dent has presented to Congress his first Message, from 
which, with the highest pleasure, I extract the follow- 
ing remarks : 

•■ Most nations have taken an interest and a pride 



president's tour. t>! 

m the improvement and ornament of their metropolis, 
md none were more conspicuous in that respect than 
the ancient Republics. The policy which dictated the 
establishment of a permanent residence for the nation- 
al government, and the spirit in which it was commen- 
ced, and has been prosecuted, show that such improve- 
ment was thought worthy the attention of this nation. 
Its central position between the northern and southern 
extremes of our union, and its approach to the west, at 
the head of a navigable river, which interlocks with the 
western waters, prove the wisdom of the councils which 
established it." 

Washington is situated at the junction of the Poto- 
mack and the Eastern Branch. The plan of it*com- 
bines convenience, regularity, elegance of prospect* 
and a free circulation of air. It was established as the 
seat of government at the commencement of the pre- 
sent century. In 1810, it contained nearly 9000 in- 
habitants, and they have probably doubled since that 
period. 

The name of this city calls up the most endearing re- 
collections ; its situation embraces all the advantages 
and charms which nature can impart to an interior city ; 
and may it rise with the rising glory of the American 
Republic. 

The President, accompanied by Gen. Swift and Mr. 
Mason, his then private Secretar}', commenced hie 
Tour from this city upon the first day of June, 1817. 
He arrived in Baltimore upon the same day, being up- 
on the sabbath. This excited the indignation and call- 
ed forth the censure of many who are ready to form an 
opinion ©f a man's whole character from an accidental 

F 



t>2 president's tour. 

circumstance No doubt but that the due observation ol 
the sabbath is one of the means of supporting the good 
cause of Christianity. But persons in private stations, 
who can command times and seasons for their. own con- 
venience, and for the discharge of civil and religious 
duties, know little of the constant pressure of public of- 
fice ; they know little of the character of the President, 
who think he would wantonly outrage the reasonable 
scruples of piety, or unnecessarily depart from a usage 
established upon correct principles. His arrival in this 
place upon the sabbath, depended upon circumstances 
beyond his power to control. Let his accusers blush, 
when they are told that upon this very day he attended 
church. His approach to the place called forth every 
demonstration of respect and attachment from its citi- 
zens. It was the first place of consequence that he 
reached in his Tour, and the inhabitants set an honour- 
able example to all the rest of the large towns through 
which he might pass. It was impossible for the Presi- 
dent to be an unmoved spectator of the voluntary civility 
of the people, nor could he hear the spontaneous ac- 
clamations of the multitude, without reciprocating this 
impressive evidence of their esteem. Mere mechani- 
cal applause, and that which is extorted from a degraded 
populace, can afford but little satisfaction to the one who 
becomes the object of it ; but, for the political father of 
a great, a growing, and an intelligent people, freemen by 
birth, and resolved to be free, to witness such striking 
proofs of their fidelity and admiration, mu^t have made a 
deep, a lasting impression upon his mind. He must be 
something more or less than man, who would view such 
a scene with apathy and indifference. A Janizary of 



president's tour. 63 

Turkey may offer up hosannahs to the Sultan, until the 
javelin the sultan wields ends his life and his plaudits at 
a stroke ;■* an eastern despot may be adored by his 
slaves who mingle groans of distress with the accents 
of praise ; European princes may be followed by a fam- 
ishing peasantry, whose huzzas are feeble from want 
of food ; but it is the happiness of the President of the 
United States to be thronged by an assemblage of happy 
freemen, acknowledging their gratitude to the only " le- 
gitimate" ruler of a great nation — legitimate, because he 
derives his power from the voice of the people he gov- 
erns. It is the happiness of the people of America, 
when they behold their Chief Magistrate come amongst 
them, to see a ruler who does not wield the rod of des- 
potic power, but the sceptre of republican authority. 

The following is the manner of his reception at Bal- 
timore ; the address there received, and the 'answer 
returned. This took place upon the second day of 
June, 1817. 

" On his arrival, several of the aged and most res- 
pectable citizens attended the President, and welcom- 
ed his appearance in Baltimore. In the afternoon he 
attended divine service at the Rev. Dr. Inglis' church ; 
and early the next morning, before breakfast, accom 
paniedby Generals Smith, Strieker, Winder, Swift, and 
several other military gentlemen, visited the ground 
where general Ross fell, and the breast-works that 
were thrown up for the defence of Baltimore during the 
late war. 

The mayor, and a committee from the city council, 
waited on the President, to whom they presented an 
address. 

* See Historv of Turkey, 



64 president's tour. 

Agreeable to previous arrangements, the third bri 
gade, under the command of General Sterret, assem- 
bled at Whetstone Point, and at twelve o'clock was re- 
viewed by the President. He proceeded from hie 
lodgings, under an escort, accompanied by a large reti- 
nue of military officers. After a review of the troops, 
the President proceeded to the examination of Fort 
M'Henry, which so gloriously withstood the bombard- 
ment of the Britith naval force for twenty-four hours. 
The recollection of this event, with other circumstan- 
ces connected with the unsuccessful essays of our late 
enemy to gain possession of this city, gave birth to the 
most grateful and animating reflections. 

In his deportment, the President is plain, dignified 
and truly republican ; presenting an example of that 
general demeanour, which is peculiarly the delight of 
'.he citizens of Baltimore." 

ADDRESS 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — We, the mayor and city council of Baltimore, 
embrace with great pleasure this opportunity of per- 
sonally congratulating the chief magistrate of the union 
m his arrival in this place. 

Your determination, in the commencement of your 
administration, to visit several of the most important 
places in the union, is auspicious of happy consequen- 
ces ; not satisfied with previous knowledge, or second 
hand information, you are anxious that on yonr part, 
nothing shall be wanting to promote the common- 
wealth. 

That a city which bore so conspicuous a part in the 
national defence, should first be honoured with the 
presence of the chief magistrate of the union, is as 
flattering as it is natural ; and we sincerely hope that 



president's touk, 65 

yaur observation of our position and means of defence, 
may enable us before another war, to bid defiance to 
any enemy. 

When, sir, we review your long tried, faithful and 
able services ; when we consider the increasing har- 
monv and concord of the United States, when almost 

•J 

universal peatfe reigns among the nations, we augur 
great and lasting happiness to the United States, in 
giving full scope to the developement of her faculties 
in the arts and sciences, in agriculture, manufactures 
and commerce ; and in the permanent exhibition ot the 
advantages of a form of civil and political government, 
superior to any that has hitherto existed. 

To our fellow citizens, it is a most interesting specta- 
cle, to see the chief magistrate of this great and power- 
ful nation, making an official Tour through their coun- 
try in the style of a private citizen, guarded only by the 
respect paid to the high station he occupies, and the af- 
fections of a virtuous people. 

We sir, wish you, in the sincerity of our hearts, a 
pleasant Tour through the states, a happy return to 
Washington, a reputation and satisfaction in your pre- 
sidency equal to any of your predecessors ; and finally, 
the reward of a well spent life in an eternal world. 

We are Sir, with sentiments of very great respeet, 
vour most obedient servants. 

GEORGE STILES, 
Mayor of the city of Baltimore. 

TO THE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF BAL- 
TIMORE. 

Fellow Citizens — The sentiments which you have 
communicated, have afforded me very great satisfaction. 
They are just, as to the objects adverted to, and tome 
they are generous and kind. 

It was impossible for me to approach Baltimore, 
without recollecting, with deep interest, the gallant 
conduct of her citizens in the late war, and the happy 
result attending their exertions. The glorious victory 
which was achieved here, and in which her citizens 
fcore so distinguished apart, at a very important epoch, 

F2 









66 president's tovr. 

not only protected this patriotic city, but shed lustre 
011 the American name. 

Experience has shewn our dangers, and admonishes 
us as to the means of averting them. Congress has 
appropriated large sums of money for the fortification 
of our coast, and inland frontier, and for the establish- 
ment of naval dock yards, and building a navy. It is 
proper that these works should be executed with judg- 
ment, fidelity, and economy ; much depends, in the 
execution, on the executive, to whom extensive power 
is given, as to the general arrangement ; and to whom 
the superintendance exclusively belongs. You do me 
justice in believing, that it is to enable me to discharge 
these duties with the best advantage to my country, 
that I have undertaken this tour. 

From the increased harmony of public opinion, 
founded on the successful career of a government, which 
has never been equalled, and which promises, by a 
future developement of its faculties, to augment, in an 
eminent degree, the blessings of this favoured people. 
I unite with you in all the anticipations which you have 
so justly suggested. 

In performing services, honestly aud zealously in- 
tended for the benefit of my fellow-citizens, 1 shall ne- 
ver entertain a doubt of their generous and firm sup- 
port. Incapable of any feelings distinct from those of 
a citizen, I can assume no style, in regard to them, dif- 
ferent from that character ; and it is a source of peculiar 
delight to me to know, that while the chief magistrate 
of the United States acts fully up to this principle, he 
will require no other guard than what may be derived 
from their confidence and affection. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Baltimore, June 2, 1817. 

*' After this interchange of sentiments and feelings, 
the Mayor, in his own, and in behalf of the corpora- 
tion, cordially invited the President to a public dinner, 
which he declined, on the ground that it would not be 
consistent with his previous arrangements for him to 



president's tour. 67 

accept of this public manifestation of their regard.-— 
The President, in the most feeling manner, expressed 
the lively sense he entertained of the civility and at- 
tention of his fellow-citizens, but was compelled, from 
motives of public concern, to forego the acceptance of 
their invitation." 

The city of Baltimore, the capital of the state of 
Maryland, is situated upon the Patapsco river, about 
fourteen miles from its junction with the Chesapeake 
Bay. It has long been ranked as the fourth commer- 
cial city in the union. It is built upon a basin, which 
forms a safe and commodious harbour. It is divided by 
a creek called Jones' Falls, into two parts, over which 
a number of bridges are erected to facilitate commu- 
nication between the two sections of the city. The 
public buildings in this place, whether erected as hous- 
es of legislative or judicial sessions ; public worship ; 
the education of youth, or banking, commercial, and 
manufacturing concerns, certainly evince the taste and 
the wealth of the place. Its population in 1810, was 
47,000. It is well defended by Fort M'Henry. The 
storm and the flood of 1817, left a gloomy track tf 
desolation through this flourishing and growing city j 
but the well known enterprize of its citizens will shortly 
restore the place from the effects of a calamity which 
no sagacity could foresee ; which no prudence could 
prevent; 

The defence of this place, on September 14, 1814, 
shews that retribution sometimes treads close upon the 
heels of transgression. Gen. Ross, a British com- 
mander, a few weeks before this place was attacked, 
burnt the Capitol, the President's house, and the oa~ 



G8 president's tour. • 

iional library at Washington. Near Baltimore he was 
slain by the hand of an American ! We cannot scan 
the mysterious decrees of Providence ; "'his ways are 
past finding out j" but while the noble sentiment in- 
herent with American bosoms, induces them to honoui 
the memory of a valiant and generous foe like Brock, 
they silently acquiesce in the justice of heaven in re- 
moving a Vandal enemy like Ross. 

The President took his departure from Baltimore 
upon the 4th, amidst the prayers of the good for the 
benedictions of heaven upon his life, and the blessings 
of all upon him for his dignified affability and the deep 
interest he manifested for the welfare and happiness of 
the place. He entered the steam boat Philadelphia, 
being conducted to it by the mayor and city council, 
and was accompanied to Frenchtozvn by a number of 
the citizens. He reached New-Castle, and there lodg- 
ed. In the two last mentioned places, although there 
was but little parade, the whole population evinced by 
every visible demonstration, their high respect and 
veneration for the President. 

t He arrived at Philadelphia upon the 6th, and was re- 
ceived there in a style highly creditable to the taste and 
elegance of its citizens. The manner of his reception, 
shewed that amongst a refined people, the most enthu- 
siastic admiration will always be restrained by the dic- 
tates of propriety. 

The President, while in this important city, and its 
vicinity, instead of indulging himself in the luxurious 
enjoyments that were every where spread before him, 
devoted himself to the most minute attention in exam- 
ining the almost endless variety of important establish- 



PRESIDENTS TOUR. 6$ 

£ents belonging either to the nation, the state, or indi- 
viduals. The first object that attracted his attention 
here, was the great object he had in view in making his 
laborious Tour ; the defence of his country against an 
enemy. This city may be approached through the 
Delaware by the largest ships that swim upon the ocean. 
It was a long time in possession of the enemy in the re- 
volutionary war, and its possession was of immense im- 
portance to them, and of severe distress to the country. 
But the President now had the satisfaction of witnessing 
the progress and almost the completion of a great work 
forty miles below it, which will secure this great city 
from the approach of a naval enemy. He inspected 
the numerous manufacturing establishments upon the 
Brandywine, and there witnessed the perfection to 
which machinery had been carried by his enterprising 
and inventive countrymen. He was received at fort 
Mifflin with the customary honours, and gave it an ex- 
amination with the eye of a soldier. The navy yard 
and the Franklin 74, were by him minutely inspected. 
Delightful indeed was the association of ideas when on 
board this majestic ship, bearing the name of the Amer- 
ican Philosopher, and laying before the city which was 
honoured by his residence. 

" The public establishments of this city, as well as 
those belonging to the United States, were visited. He 
was at the penitentiary, and there witnessed the most, 
extraordinary institution in the universe ; a prison to 
which all the criminals of the state are committed after 
a sentence ; and the disorderly of this large city. It 
has at times contained prisoners of both sexes to the 
amount of 600. There he saw a prison, containing the 



I 



70 president's Teuiu 

worst characters of the community, the collective de* 
pravity of the vices of society, kept in useful, whole- 
some employment ; with the same quietness as a qua- 
ker meeting ; with the order and obedience of a military 
body ; well fed and warmly clad ; and by a happy sys- 
tem of order and humanity, secure against the despair, 
the violence and outrages common to prisons ; the 
whole kept in order by only seven men ; and the se* 
cret of the establishment by which this astonishing in- 
stitution is conducted is to avoid cruel punishments ; 
to avoid every kind of ignomy ; to induce self-respect 
even among criminals, and to induce the worst to hope ; 
the whole prison, such as in other places requires a mil- 
itary guard, is conducted by only seven men, whose 
mildness of manners is as striking as the excellence of 
the system itself. 

The President also visited the Pennsylvania Hospi- 
tal ; the Academy of Fine Arts ; the Museum of Mr. 
Peale ; Mr. Sulley's paintings, &c. The civil author- 
ities of this state waited on him ; and, indeed, his quar- 
ters at the Mansion House were crowded every hour." 

It is impossible in a work so limited as this, to notice 
all the civilities he received, or insert all the addresses 
that were delivered ; but as the Pennsylvania State 
Society of Cincinnati approached their illustrious com- 
patriot with the manly and affectionate language of sol- 
diers ; and as he reciprocated their civilities in the lan- 
guage of the heart, the address and answer must not be 
omitted. 



PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 71 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

y IR — Embracing the occasion which your attention, 
as Chief Magistrate, to the military defences of the Uni- 
ted States, has afforded, it is with peculiar pleasure that 
the members of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cin- 
cinnati, a portion of the surviving few, who were your 
associates in arms during the war of the revolution, ap- 
proach to renew their personal intercourse, and to as- 
sure you of their cordial support to the firm and impar- 
tial administration of the government, which, by com- 
bining in its measures domestic tranquillity with the res- 
pect of foreign nations, they confidently anticipate, will 
promote the best interests of the United States, ensure 
to our citizens the advantage of social harmony and 
individual happiness. 

That you may participate those blessings, and enjoy 
the grateful esteem of a happy people, is the sincere 
wish of 

Your faithful friends, 

And respectful fellow citizens. 

Signed by order, and by the 

unanimous vote of the Society, 

D. LENOX, President, 

Horace Binnev, Secretary. 
Philadelphia, June 6, 1817- 

THE PRESIDENT'S ANSWER. 

To the members of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cin- 
cinnati. 

Fellow Citizens ; 

In attending to the military and naval defence of the 
United States, nothing can be more gratifying to me, 
than to meet the surviving members of my associates 
in arms, who distinguished themselves in our revolu- 
tionary contest. I can never forget the dangers of that 
great epoch, nor be indifferent to the merit of those 
who partook in them. 



72 PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

To promote tranquillity at home, and respect a- 
broad, by a firm and impartial administration, are among 
the highest duties of the Chief Magistrate of the Unit- 
ed States. To acquit myself in the discharge of these 
duties, with advantage to my fellow-citizens, will be the 
undeviating object of my zealous exertions. Their ap- 
probation will be the highest recompense which I can 
receive. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Philadelphia, June 6, 1817. 

The Cincinnati Society was formed at the close of 
the revolution, by the surviving veterans who carried 
their country triumphantly through it. It has been a 
bond of union among them ever since. Although the 
funds of the society have always been very limited, it 
has afforded relief to many of the patriotic followers 
of Washington, whose scars have felt "the pelting 
of the pitiless storm," and who have too long been me- 
lancholy monuments of the ingratitude of their emanci- 
pated countrymen. In most of the states, there is a 
State Society of Cincinnati. 

The city of Philadelphia, the largest in the union, is 
situated one hundred and twenty miles fromj;he ocean, 
and six miles above the confluence of the rivers Dela- 
ware and Schuylkill. It was settled by that eminent 
statesman and christian William Penn, in 1682, and 
from him received its charter, in 1701. Its plan is a 
parallelogram, the streets crossing each other at right 
angles. Its public buildings embrace those of every 
kind ; a State house ; a number of elegant banks ; 
forty-four religious edifices ; elegant structures for the 
numerous philosophical, medical, humane, and me- 
chanical societies ; an university, and, indeed, every 



PRESIDENT'S TUt>R» 7$ > 

species of buildings necessary for the transaction of 
political business ; the education of youth in the va- 
rious sciences ; the advancement of the arts, and the 
promulgation of that knowledge which dignifies man, 
and advances human happiness. In the bosom of this 
important city have been established most of the im- 
portant institutions of the American Republic. In this 
city, our government was organized under our Consti- 
tution. In the political system of the New World, it 
may be denominated the primum mobile. Under the 
guidance of Washington, a man who might justly claim 
an exemption from most of the infirmities of his species, 
the Legislative power was systematized ; the Judiciary 
power was fixed, and the Financial system was arranged. 
The intercourse between the United States, and the rest 
of the world here commenced, after they became inde- 
pendent of foreign control ; and here many ambassadors 
from the first courts in the world, witnessed, with aston- 
ishment, the rapid progress of political science toward 
perfection. They here saw anew people, untrammelled 
from every badge of feudal slavery, and ecclesiastical 
tyranny, establishing civil and religious liberty upon the 
only basis upon which it can stand ; the rights of man. 
Philadelphia continued to be the seat of the national 
government until it was removed to Washington in 1 800. 
In a literary and scientific point of view, it mustbe con- 
sidered as the Athens of America. It was here that 
Franklin, by the power of electricity, discovered the 
means of making the thunder roll harmlessly over our 
heads, and shielded our habitations from the destruction 
of the forked lightning. It was here that Rush, by the 
aid of medical science, robbed the " pestilence that 

G 



74 president's tour. 

walketh in darkness, and the destruction that wasteth 

at noon day," of half their terrors. The scientific and 

literary productions of the scholars of this place in later 

days, show that she is still the metropolis of science in 

the westers world. The population in 1810, was 

112,000. 

An event that took place here in the revolutionary 

war, cannot be passed over in silence in this work. It 
was " the Battle of the Kegs." It was not exactly the 
Torpedo system of warfare, but the explosion of a great 
number of kegs of powder in the water, produced the 
most ludicrous effect, and the most facetious poem, the 
country ever witnessed, or read. An account of it, 
and the poem made upon the occasion, may be found in 
Humphrey's Life of Putnam. 

The President left Philadelphia upon the 7th, with 
Gen. Swift and his private secretary Mr. Mason, and 
directed hi? course toward Trenton, the capital of New 
Jersey. Upon his approach to this place, the pains 
and the pleasures of memory must have alternately 
agitated his mind. He must have reflected, that through 
the state of New Jersey, his great compatriot in the 
revolutionary struggle, General Washington, was a 
wanderer with a few faithful soldiers, viewing the 
country he loved better than himself, sinking into a de- 
graded submission before an imperious and unrelenting 
foe ; a foe that pursued her own countrymen, in her 
own colonies, with " a step steady as time ; with an 
appetite keen as death." But that retrospection that 
hurried his mind back to that period of deep despond- 
ency, also made his heart beat with that patriotic fer- 
vour which then aroused the despairing courage of hi? 



president's tour, 75 

countrymen at the " victory of Trenton.' 1 '' A merce- 
nary band of soldiers, fighting here in the unjust cause 
of * foreign potentate for their bread, were encounter- 
ed, subdued, and captured, by a little phalanx of repub- 
lican soldiers, led by the American Fahius, who were 
contending for " the soil which their grandsires defend- 
ed*" In this contest, James Monroe, now the first ma- 
gistrate in twenty one sovereign and independent states, 
fought in a subordinate rank. The wounds he here re- 
ceived, furnish evidence of his early courage, and of 
his devotion to the cause of his injured and then suf- 
fering country. His fellow citizens, remembering his 
youthful valour, and respecting his matured wisdom, 
and elevated rank, received him with an unaffected 
cordiality, more expressive of real esteem, than all 
the gorgeous pageantry with which a sovereign prince 
is escorted through his capital by his enslaved subjects, 
" On Saturday evening, the 7th June, a little after 
sunset, the President, accompanied by General Swift, 
Chief of Engineers, Mr. Ingersoll, District Attorney for 
Pennsylvania, and Mr. Mason, his private Secretary, 
reached the Delaware bridge below this city, where 
the principal authorities, the volunteer companies of 
Trenton, commanded by captain Rossell, and a large 
concourse of citizens were awaiting him. His arrival 
was announced by apiece of artillery, under the direc- 
tion of captain Yard, and by the ringing of bells. He 
was conducted by the military escort to Anderson's 
tavern ; where a feu-de-joie was fired. The Mayor. 
BIr. M'Neely, the Recorder, Mr. Charles Ewing, and 
Aldermen Broadhurst, Taylor and Smith, were imme 



76 president's tour. 

diately presented to him, when the Recorder made hm» 
the following extempore Address." 

The Mayor and City Council, and, through us. 
the citizens of Trenton, present to you, Sir, their most 
unfeigned respects ; congratulate you on }'our arrival, 
and give you a most cordial welcome to this city — the 
scene, Sir, of some of the services you have rendered 
our country. We most sincerely wish you the enjoy- 
ment of health, a long life, and a prosperous adminis- 
tration. 

To which the President spontaneously replied : 

I feel very sensibly this kind attention on the part of 
the authorities of the city of Trenton ; the place where 
the hopes of the country were revived in the war of 
the revolution, by a signal victory obtained by the 
troops under the command of Gen. Washington, after 
a severe and disastrous campaign. I am well acquaint- 
ed with the patriotism of the citizens of Trenton, and, 
indeed, of Jersey ; for none suffered more, or display- 
ed greater patriotism in our revolutionary contest. I 
beg you to accept my best wishes for your continued 
prosperity and happiness. 

The President spent the following sabbath in Trea- 
son, and, with his suite, attended divine service at one 
of the churches in that place. It is a fact worthy of 
observation, and undoubtedly a source of high gratifi- 
cation to the admirers of the Christian Religion, that 
the President, during his Tour, embraced every oppor- 
tunity to unite with his fellow citizens upon the Chris- 
tian sabbath, in adoring the Creator of the world. — 
Although our inimitable constitution absolutely prohi- 
bits the passage of any religious test act ; although the 
bright constellation of American statesmen have always 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 



's TOUR. 77 



resisted tiie establishment of any privileged order or 
religious sect ; and although the most unqualified tolera- 
tion in religious worship is extended to every sect that 
has arisen in the world, from the days of Moses to this 
time ; yet, as the Christian Religion is the prevailing 
system in our country, it must be a subject of real con- 
gratulation to its believers, that their Chief Magistrate 
is willing to manifesto's belief of it, by publicly com- 
plying with it* ordinances. In his answer to the Cler- 
gymen of Portland he not only expresses " reverence 
for our Muker" but recognizes " our Lord a?id Sa- 



viour." 



Trenton is situated upon the river Delaware, thirty 
miles N. E. of Philadelphia. It is a small, but hand- 
some town, having a court house, a prison, an academy, 
five houses of public worship, and more than three 
thousand inhabitants. 

The feelings of the President, while in this place*, 
must have been of a nature which but few can justly ap- 
preciate, and with which a ' stranger intermeddleth not.* 
He must have left it with a heart glowing with gratitude 
to that Being who sits upon the undisputed throne of 
the universe, that he had, in his merciful dispensations, 
made Trenton a place where all may now enjoy tran- 
quillity and peace, " having none to molest, or make 
them afraid ;" and he must have contrasted its present 
enviable situation, with what it was, when he viewed it 
in the hauds of a merciless foe, who held the lives of 
its unoffending citizens at their own disposal ; and who, 
without compunction, had murdered a minister of the 
everlasting gospel, whose holy functions loci him to dis 



78 PRESIDENT'S TOUR, 



pense the word of life, in an unoffending manner, to the. 
people of his chosen flock. 

He left this place upon the 9th, and passed through 
a country which furnished occular demonstration of the 
industry and comfort of its inhabitants. 

" At New-Brunswick he was received a few miles 
from town. Chief Justice Kirkpatrick, in the name of 
the committee, respectfilly congratulated the President 
on his arrival j to which he made a polite and suitable 
reply. 

As the President approached, he was met and escort- 
ed to the City Tavern. His arrival was announced by 
the ringing of bells and the discharge of cannon. At 
the entrance of the town, an elegant horse, was tender- 
ed the President, which he mounted and rode into town. 
The streets were literally filled with spectators, all 
anxious to testify their respect for the Chief Magis- 
trate. 

A number of citizens also attended, and were pre- 
sented by the committee to the President, who receiv- 
ed them with great affability and marked respect. 

After remaining about an hour, he again mounted on 
horseback, and proceeded on his journey towards New- 
York. Captain Van Dyke's troop accompanied him 
-iboutfive miles." 

He arrived at New-York city, upon the 11th June. 
1817. 

Upon entering this city, unquestionably the first in 
the western world in a commercial point of view, the 
emporium of commerce, and the mart of trade in the 
American States ; a flood of ideas must have rushed in- 
to his comprehensive mind. It was in this city the 



president's your. 7- 

M OJd Congress" once assembled. This convention of 
gigantic statesmen, representing thirteen infant colo 
tiies, held together by no other ligament than that rope 
of sand, " The old Confederation," here sat in solemn 
council to devise ways and means to protect them from 
the .almost irresistible power of their mother country, 
determined to deprive them of the right of self govern- 
ment. This place in the early stages of the revolution- 
ary struggle, was evacuated by the American forces, 
and surrendered to an enemy whom they could not then 

conquer. 

He might have seen Washington, by a masterly re- 
treat, saving the remnant of an army, from the dying 
miseries of a prison ship, in which thousands of his 
countrymen perished in a manner ten times more ter- 
rible than that of the prisoners at Jaffa. 

This city was, during almost the whole war, the 
strong hold of the King's army. It was here the pow- 
er of Britain presented the mo&t imposing aspect, and 
induced many Americans, in the adjoining country, to 
desert the republican standard ; join the enemies of 
their country, and become the most cruel and ferocious 
foes to their own brethren. 

These reflections must have produced a sombre 
<rloom. But how animating must have been the con- 
trasted scene. When rebellion became a revolution, 
he might have seen a British army giving back this place 
to his conquering countrymen ; the last they surren- 
dered ; and, by the act surrendering their last hopes 
in America ; giving up the most brilliant diamond in 
the British diadem. He might have here seen his first 
predecessor, the then conquering and now immortal 



aO PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

WASHINGTON ; the Cincinnatus of America, yielding 
the honoured laurels that graced his hoary head to his 
fellow citizens, and retiring to private life, only to be 
called again to lead their councils. 

The President was received in this city in the following 

manner : 

" The Committee of Arrangements of the Corpo- 
ration, Major General Morton, and Major General 
Mapes, and their suites, left the city at 8 o'clock, for 
the seat of the Vice-President at Staten Island, where 
the Piesident had remained from the 11th. 

At ten, the President, with those gentlemen, and with 
the Vice-President, Gen. Swift, Com. Evans, and Capt. 
Biddle of the navy, left Staten Island in the Steam-boat. 
They were accompanied by the Saranac, sloop of war, 
and the revenue cutter, who, in their approach to the 
city, fired salutes. A salute was also fired from Castle 
Williams as they passed. The elegant band of Col. 
Merceki's regiment, was on board the Steam-boat, and 
played a variety of airs. 

On their approaching the Battery, several barges 
from the Fort attended, and the President, with the 
Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, the Com- 
mander of the State Artillery, and the Commander of 
the Navy, with his own suite, General Swift, and Mr. 
Mason, left the Steam-boat in Com. Evans' elegant 
barge ; the rest of the company in the other barges. 
They landed at the battery, under a salute from a bat- 
talion of Artillery, placed for that purpose ; the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements first landing and receiving the 
President with congratulations. 



president's tour. 81 

On his arrival into the city, the President and suite. 
Major General Scott, of the United States army, Gen- 
erals Morton, Mapes, and Swift, then dismounted and 
reviewed the line of troops paraded on the occasion, 
under the command of Brigadier General Stevens, of 
the first Brigade of Artillery. A conspicuous and ho- 
norary place to witness the review was assigned to the 
Committee of Arrangements, and a number of navy 
officers. 

After the review, the President, with the General 
Officers, took their stations at the head of the column, 
and proceeded up Broadway, and entered at the west 
gate of the Park. The President placed himself in 
front of, and facing the City Hall, and, then received 
from the troops the honours of the marching salute. 
After the salute, the President alighted, was received 
on the steps of the Hall by the Committee of arrange- 
ments, and conducted by them to the elegant room in 
the City Hall assigned to him by the common council, 
for the purpose of receiving visitors. The common 
council, being assembled for the purpose, then waited 
upon him, when his Honour the Mayor, in behalf, ad 
dressed him as follows :" 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of 
the city of New York, beg leave to present to you, 
their sincere congratulations on your arrival in this 
city. 

It is with pride and pleasure that they see amongst 
them the Chief Magistrate of the nation, in the capa- 
city of a private citizen, reposing himself v>ith just 
confidence in the affections of a generous people, and 
are happy to embrace this opportunity, on behalf of 



82 PRESIDENT'S T0T5R. 

themselves and their fellow citizens, to express to him 
the high sense they entertain of his private virtues and 
puplic services. 

Called by the voice of a nation of Freemen to the 
first office in their power to bestow, you can possess no 
higher evidence of their approbation of your past con- 
duct, and of their confidence in the able and faithful 
discharge of the important duties assigned to your pre- 
sent station. Nothing can add to the force of this testi- 
mony, founded, as it is, with uncommon unanimity on 
the sense of a free and enlightened people. 

We learn, with great satisfaction, that your present 
Tour is connected with the object of carrying into ef- 
fect the measures of general defence proposed by the 
Congress of the United States, and that you have deem- 
ed them of sufficient importance to merit your personal 
attention. On this subject, permit us to say, that our 
citizens feel a deep and lively interest. This state, 
fj ' n its local situation and exterior frontier, is peculiar- 
ly subject, to become the theatre of war ; and the city 
of New- York, while it affords the strongest temptation, 
is much exposed from its natural position to the at- 
tempts of a foreign enemy. Although in the late con- 
test it has not actually been assailed, we may presume 
it may, without arrogance, be said, that the extraordina- 
ry and spirited exertions of our citizens, powerfully 
supported by the patriotic efforts of the people of this 
and a neighbouring state, taught the enemy to believe 
that such an attempt could not be made with impunity. 
The wisdom of our government is displayed by the meas- 
ures now undertaken, to provide in time of peace, the 
security required in time of war ; and we feel the high- 
est confidence that, under your auspices, that security 
will be afforded, for every future emergency. The 
present happy condition of our country, in general, de- 
mands our highest gratitude to the Supreme Ruler of 
events, and opens to our view great and interesting 
prospects. In a state of profound peace, after a con- 
flict, in which the rights of the nation have been vindi- 
cated and the honour of the American name been ex- 
alted we see a great people united amongst them- 



president's TOUR. 8 



selves — devoted to a government of their choice — ■ 
possessing a country as fertile as it is extensive — 
evincing a spirit of enterprize in the various employ- 
ments of agriculture, commerce and manufactures — ar- 
dent in the pursuits of science, and in cultivating the 
arts which adorn civilized society, and advancing in 
population, power and wealth, with a rapidity hitherto 
unexampled. The destinies of such a people, with the 
blessings of Providence, cannot be anticipated, and de- 
fy calculation. 

It is your happiness, Sir, to have commenced your 
administration at a period thus propitious and interest- 
ing ; and we have no doubt it will be your great ambi- 
tion to bestow on these important objects all the patron- 
age in your power, and justify the high expectations 
which have been formed. 

That the pleasing prospects we have indulged may 
be happily realized, and that your administration may, 
in all respects, effectually promote the best interests of 
the United States, and that you may long live to witness 
the prosperity of your country, and enjoy the esteem of 
a virtuous people, is the ardent wish of those on whose 
behalf I have the honour to address you. 

In behalf of the Corporation of the city, I have the 
honour to be, with sentiments of the highest es- 
teem, your obedient servant. 

J. RADCLIFP. 

TO WHICH THE PRESIDENT MADE THE FOLLOWING REP.LY : 

To the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the city of 

New- York. 

Fellow-Citizens ; 

In performing a duty enjoined on me by the Con- 
stitution and Laws of the United States, I cannot express 
the satisfaction which I derive from the intercourse to 
which it leads, with so many of my fellow citizens ; and 
from the opportunity it affords to behold, in person, the 
blessings which an all gracious Providence has extend- 
ed to them. 



84 president's tour. 

In executing the laws which Congress have wisely 
adopted for the national defence, the Atlantic and in- 
land frontiers of this state, by their exposed situation, 
are entitled to particular attention. I am aware too, 
that this populous and flourishing city, presents, in 
times of war, a strong temptation to the cupidity of an 
invading foe. It is in the spirit of the laws which I am 
called to execute— it is in the spirit of the people 
whom I represent, to provide amply for the security of 
every part, according to the danger to which it is ex- 
posed. In performing this duty, I shall endeavour to 
be their faithful organ. 

The present prosperous condition of our country is, 
\ as you justly observe, the best proof of the excellence 
of our institutions, and of the wisdom with which they 
have been administered. 

It affords, too, a solid ground on which to indulge 
the most favourable anticipations as to the future. An 
enlightened people, educated in the principles of liber- 
ty, and blessed with a free government — bold, vigo- 
rous, and enterprizing, in the pursuit of every just 
and honourable attainment — united by the strong ties 
of a common origin, of interest and affection — pos 
sessed of a vast and fertile territory — improving in ag 
ricnlture, in the arts and manufactures — extending 
their commerce to every sea — already powerful, and 
rapidly -increasing in population, have every induce- 
ment and every means whereby to perpetuate these 
blessings to the latest posterity. 

The honourable termination of the late war, where- 
by the rights of the nation were vindicated, should 
not lull us into repose — the events attending it show 
our vulnerable points, and it is in time of peace that 
we ought to provide by strong works for their defence. 
The gallantry and good conduct of our army, navy, 
and militia, and the patriotism of our citizens, gener- 
ally, so conspicuously displayed in that war, may al- 
ways be relied on. Aided by such works, our fron- 
tiers will be ith pregnable. 

Devoted to the principles of our government from my 
earliest youth, and weli satisfied that the great blessings 



president's TOUR. tio 

which we enjoy, are, under Divine Providence, impu- 
table to that great cause, it will be the object of my 
constant and zealous efforts to give to those principles 
their best effect. Should I, by these efforts, contribute, 
in any degree, to the happiness of my fallow citizens, 
I shall derive from it the highest gratification of which 
my mind is susceptible. 

JAMES MONROE. 

*' After this ceremony the officers of the artillery 
and infantry, and many distinguished citizens waited 
upon and were presented to him. The Society of the 
Cincinnati, with their respectable Vice President, Gen. 
Stevens, at their head, also Waited on him and present- 
ed an address, by Judge Pendleton, one of the mem- 
bers. 5 ' 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The New- York Society of Cincinnati, take this 
opportunity, when your important duties as Chief Ma- 
gistrate of the United States, have procured for this 
city the honour of a visit, to present to you the assur- 
ances of their respect, and of their cordial disposition 
to support, with all their power, J:he measures which 
the wisdom of the government shall adopt, to promote 
the honour and welfare of our beloved country. 

Your presence, Sir, recalls those patriotic emotions in 
which the Society of Cincinnati originated ; and as a 
distinguished individual among the officers of the revo- 
lutionary war, of which the Society was composed, you 
are associated with the pleasing recollections, which we 
cherish of the result of that ardent struggle. 

We beg you to accept our sincere wishes for your 
personal happiness, and the assurance of our high eB- 
ieem and consideration. 

H 



86 president's tour. 

To which the President made the following Reply. 

The opportunity which my visit to this city in the 
discharge of important public duties has presented, of 
meetingthe New-York Society of Cincinnati, with ma- 
ny of whom I was well acquainted in our revolution, af- 
fords me heartfelt satisfaction. It is impossible to meet 
any of those patriotic citizens, whose valuable servi- 
ces were so intimately connected with that great event, 
without recollections which it is equally just and hon- 
ourable to cherish. 

In your support of all proper measures for the na- 
tional defence, and advancement of the public welfare, 
I have the utmost confidence. Those, whose zeal and 
patriotim were so fully tried in that great struggle, will 
never fail to rally to the standard of their country, in 
anv emergency. 

JAMES MONROE. 

" The President, after receiving his visitants, was 
attended by the committee of arrangements, and escor- 
ted by a squadron of cavalry, to the quarters provided 
for him at the elegant establishment of Mr. Gibson, in 
Wall-street. Previous to dinner, the President, accom- 
panied by Gens. Scott, Swift, Morton, and suites, visit- 
ed the United States Arsenal. 

At 5 o'clock the gentlemen on duty, the Vice Presi- 
dent, the Hon. De Witt Clinton, Governor elect, the 
Hon. Rufns King, together with several of the Presi- 
dent's former brethren in arms, Gen. Stevens, Col, 
Willet. Col. Piatt, and the committees of arrangements 
and of the corporation, dined with the President at his 

quarters. 

In the evening the City Hall and Theatre were bril- 
liantly illuminated and decorated with appropriate trans- 
parences, exhibiting, perhaps, one of the most beau- 
tiful spectacles that can be well imagined 



president's tour. 87 

The whole of the transactions of the day made iin 
pressions which will not soon be forgotten by oar citi- 
zens. The occasion itself, the reception of the Chief 
Magistrate of our country, endeared to us by a long 
course of public services, as well as by his private vir- 
tues, gave an interest and excited feelings, which it is 
the peculiar privilege of freemen to enjoy." 

The President, in his first Tour, paid very particu- 
lar attention to Manufacturing Establishments. He of- 
ten expressed his admiration at the progress they had 
made toward the perfection they had reached in Eu- 
rope. The Report of the " Society for the Encourage- 
ment of Domestic Manufactures ," is therefore incor- 
porated into this work. 

'•'Report of the Corresponding Committee of the So 
ciety for the Encouragement of Domestic Manufac 
tures. 

The Corresponding Committee, elected in pursu- 
ance of the third article of the Constitution, for the 
current year, respectfully report : — 

That immediately after the meeting of the Society, 
held on the 31st December, 1816, they took the speed- 
iest measures for carrying into effect the resolutions, 
respecting the printing and publishing the Address 
then reported and adopted. They accordingly caused 
to be printed five thousand copies ; one of which was 
transmitted to the President of the United States, and 
one to each of the members of Congress, and heads of 
department of the general government, and to the go- 
vernors and members of the Legislatures of the state* 
respectively, as far as the same was practicable. 



38 president's tour. 

Your Committee, in further pursuance of the duties 
delegated to them, caused a memorial to be drawn up in 
behalf of the Society, addressed to the Congress of 
the United States, praying for the permanency of the 
duties imposed by the tariff: the prohibition of cotton 
goods, manufactured beyond the cape of Good Hope ; 
such revision and modification of the revenue laws, as 
might prevent smuggling, false invoices, and other 
frauds ; for a duty of ten per cent, on auction sales, 
with the exceptions therein stated ; for a recommenda- 
tion to the officers of the army and nnvy, and to all 
civil officers, to be clothed in American fabrics ; that all 
public supplies for the army and navy might be of Ame- 
rican manufacture ; and for such other protection as 
might place our mercantile and manufacturing interests 
beyond the reach of foreign influence. 

It is with pleasure and gratitude your committee 
have learned, that the war department, has given an 
entire preference to domestic manufacture, and as 
much is confidently hoped from the department of the 
navy. 

Your Committee elected a delegate to proceed with 
the same to the seat of government. 

Memorials of similar import, were drawn up by the 
merchants of this city, and by the citizens at large, 
respectively ; and another member of your Committee 
was deputed by the merchants, who also appointed a 
citizen of New York, then in the city of Washington, 
to co-operate with the delegates of this Society, and 
caused the above named memorials to be laid before 
Congress, with instructions to solicit and promote the 
objects of them, by their best endeavours. 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 



a? 



"The delegates, on their way to the seat of govern- 
ment, took occasion to explain, to certain respectable 
and influential citizens of Philadelphia and Baltimore, 
the object, views, and motives, of this Society, and 
the nature of their mission ; and had the satisfaction, 
during the short period of one day, in each of these 
cities, to witness the formation of kindred associations, 
whose proceedings have been long since made public ; 
and which, by their intelligence, patriotism, capital, and 
character, have proved an inappreciable acquisition to 
the cause of domestic industry. 

During their residence in the city of Washington, 
the said delegates, with the aid and co-operation of 
their colleague, made a similar, and no less successful 
appeal, to the citizens of Washington, Georgetown, and 
Alexandria ; who, at a meeting convened by public 
notice, instituted and organized an association, entitled 
the Metropolitan Society, — the proceedings of this as- 
sociation have also been made public ; and their zeal, 
influence, and respectability, have done much in rous- 
ing the spirit of enquiry, and promoting the true inter- 
ests of their country. 

The delegates were heard with much attention by 
the committee of commerce and manufactures of the 
Mouse of Representatives, to whom the above mention- 
ed memorials were referred, and that committee re- 
ported in part by a bill, for the continuance of the ex- 
isting duties upon importations as prayed ; and referred 
the other matters more immediately connected with the 
revenue, to the Secretary of the Treasury ; whose opin- 
ions, we think ourselves authorized to state, were in 
unison with the prayer of the memorialists, And a? 

H 2 



SO president's tour, 

though the lateness of the session, aad the mass of un- 
finished business, prevented the immediate attainment 
of the objects desired, yet the wisest and most expe- 
rienced in and out of Congress, (the enlightened mem- 
bers of the committee of the house included) were of 
opinion, that nothing would be lost by the delay, as 
every day would offer new manifestations of the pub- 
lic sentiment, and the circumstances of the times be 
move fully developed, and operate as a law of neces- 
sity. 

It may be important also to state the friendly inti- 
mation of the committee itself, that nothing would more 
conduce to future success, than an authentic collection 
of facts, tending to show the value of the property em- 
barked in domestic manufactures, the great portion of 
which was jeopardized by the causes set forth, and the 
loss and irreparable injury the commitunity must suffer 
from neglect, and indifference to so essential an inter- 
est. As that information could be best collected and 
embodied by the active industry of this and other socie- 
ties, we mention as an additional stimulus to exertion 
and efforts well combined, and vigorously sustained, 
and we trust that all citizens, who prize the lasting in- 
dependence of their country — who rejoice in its gene- 
ral and individual prosperity, will take pride and pleas- 
ure in sharing so generous a task. 

The two delegates who proceeded together from 
this city, were gratified, in returning through the town 
of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, to witness the forma- 
tion of an association of citizens, possessed of every 
qualification to be useful ; talent, influence, and capi- 
tal. They were there as on the former occasions, in- 



president's TOtJR. S3 

vited to explain the view and tendency of their mission, 
and had the pleasure to find the principles of this insti 
tution, approved, adopted, and promptly acted upon h\ 
their respected fellow citizens. 

Numerous societies have cotemporaneously and in 
rapid succession arisen throughout the union : many 
have announced themselves by publications full of en- 
ergy and marked with intelligence. Regular commu- 
nications have been transmitted to us from the societies 
at Wilmington, in the state of Delaware ; Middletown, 
Hartford and Litchfield, in Connecticut ; Rome, and 
other places in the state of New York ; and we have 
full authority to say that Ohio, Kentucky, New Jersey,' 
Virginia, and Mississippi, will soon add their strength 
and weight to the common stock. 

The most eminent journalists, without regard to po- 
litical or party relations, have lent their unbought tal- 
ents ; and essays have appeared in their columns which 
would do honour to any country, or to any cause. The 
periodical publications of most acknowledged merit and 
extensive circulation, have likewise appropriated their 
labours to the service of their country ; and, as far as 
their sphere extended, have put prejudice to flight and 
ignorance to shame. 

A pamphlet has been completed by a judicious and 
masterly hand in the city of Philadelphia, from the re- 
port of the celebrated Alexander Hamilton, made by 
thatstatesman in the year 1790, when secretary of the 
treasury, by order of the house of representatives. 
This paper has been eminently serviceable, inasmuch 
as it brings back the judgment of the reader to the na- 
tural order of things, before the distorted and disjointed 



dl PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

relations of the civilized world had habituated mankind 
to disturbed and crooked views, and fallacious reitan= 
ces upon ephemeral hopes and transient speculations. 
It establishes principles, pure and unerring- — and has 
the merit not only of sage predictions, but of prophecies 
fulfilled. 

It is impossible to notice all the valuable tracts thai 
patriotic excitement has given birth to, within the short 
period since our institution led the way ; the address 
of the society of Middletown, in Conneaticut, and the 
report of the committee of Pittsburgh, reprinted by or- 
der of the house of representatives, are documents de 
serving much attention ; and it is to be wished, that a 
collection of the most of these valuable tracts, should be 
embodied and preserved ; they are so many pledges to 
the public, of the faith and loyalty of the citizens. 

The address of the society has been reprinted and 
circulated in such abundance, in so many different 
forms, and noticed with so much favour, that it is im= 
possible for us to retire from the front of the battle, 
where we first appeared, without some loss of charac- 
ter. It is our turn now, to take the next step in the 
field of generous emulation, and we should meet, more 
than half way, every overture to correspondence and 
co-operation. We should acknowledge our obligations 
for the confidence reposed in us, and for the light and 
instiuction reflected upon us. 

So far your committee have traced their progress in 
the execution of their trust ; so far our bark has ad- 
ventured with a favouring gale ; for although we lament 
that some of our fabrics must suffer within this year, ir- 
reparable loss : yet we trust, that the certainty, with 



president's tour. 



which they may count upon the fostering. care of the 
government, will in general restore courage, confidence, 
and credit ; and enable the greater part, to ride out the 
storm. The immense losses, at which our markets are 
glutted, cannot endure for many years, and title can he 
see, who does not read the rising prosperity of our 
manufactures, at no distant day, and with it, the power, 
happiness and security of this high favoured land. 

Your committee, considering the interests of com- 
merce and manufactures as inseparable and identical, 
cannot close this report without noticing an evil which 
has grown to an alarming extent. 

The present system of auction sales of recent date, in 
this country, and an anomaly in the history of commerce, 
has nearly exploded all regular business ; and the auc- 
tioneer, whose office was formerly subordinate to that of 
the merchant, is now nearly the only seller ; and if 
subordinate to any, merely to a foreign principal. If 
any sales are now made by the regular trader, they are 
occasional and supplementary. 

Commercial education, orderly habits, and sober pur- 
suits, honour and good faith, too fatally yield to gam- 
bling speculations and fraudulent contrivances. Th$ 
benefits, if any, that result from this extraordinary mo- 
nopoly, dearly paid for by the ruin of a class, whose in- 
dustry was the life of the community, and through them $ 
in a greater or less degree, of the various and numer- 
ous description of persons, who, without being com- 
mercial, depend upon commerce for their support : 
and if once the merchant disappears from the scene ; 
if the source is once destroyed, the thousand channels 
which it fed, become dry and fruitless ; the' proprietor, 



94 president's tour. 

the mechanic, the artist, the labourer, follow in the 
train, and mast seek elsewhere for subsistence. 

Already has the public feeling remonstrated against 
this abuse ; but the practice has still prevailed. The 
established merchant, it has been shown, musjt ever be 
unable to compete with the stranger who is charged with 
no contribution to the public service, subjected to no 
rent or household expenditure, none of the costs or 
charges of a commercial establishment, nor taxes nor 
impositions for the support of the government. 

Your committee, therefore, refer this subject to the 
most serious attention of the society, that the most 
suitable means of investigation may be adopted to sub- 
stantiate its truth and to procure relief." 

ADDRESS. 

" AH who believe that the happiness and indepen- 
dence of our country, are connected with the pros- 
perity of our manufactures, must rejoice to see the 
Chief Magistrate of the nation, honouring, with his pres- 
ence, a society instituted for their protection and en- 
couragement. Knowing that the manufactures of the 
United States cannot, in their infant state, resist the 
rivalship of foreign nations, without the patronage of 
the government, it is consoling to find, that he to whom 
the unanimous voice of a free people has committed the 
highest office, has not oniy consented to become a 
member of our institution, but that he avails himself of 
the first opportunity of giving it the countenance and 
support of his attendance. 

An incident like this may form a new era in the his- 
tory of society. In other countries the influence of the 



president's tour. 95 

magistrate is felt only from the operation of his laws, or 
through the instrumentality of his subordinate agents, 
while, on the other hand, he derives his information 
through intermediate channels. But our happy consti- 
tution places the people and their officers in such re- 
lations to each other, that they may have a mutual and 
direct intercourse ; and we now behold the first ma- 
gistrate of a great nation, seeking at its source the infor- 
mation, which will enable him to know the wants and 
wishes of the country. A life, devoted to the good of 
his country, gives us assurance, that it is only necessa- 
ry to make him acquainted with what will promote its 
happiness, to insure all the support which may be de- 
rived from his high station. It is now too late to ques- 
tion the advantages of manufactures. All history shows 
us how much they have contributed to the prosperity 
of every state, where they have been encouraged. In- 
deed we find that in some instances, they have been the 
sources of all the wealth and power of a people. As 
they have prospered or declined, nations have risen or 
sunk. Even wealth, without manufactures, and com- 
merce, has only served to degrade a great community, 
by the introduction of that luxury, which was purchas- 
ed with the produce of inexhaustible mines of gold, 
But it is not as they are sources of wealth, that an 
American must feel the deepest interest in the fate of 
our manufactures ; they more nearly concern us, as 
they are connected with our independence. For how 
shall we avoid the influence of foreign nations, while we 
suffer ourselves to be dependent on them, not only for 
the luxuries, but the necessaries of life ! Can that nation 
feel independent, which has no reliance but upon /or- 



9t> president's tour. 

eign hands for the fabrics which are to clothe her cit- 
izens ? for manufactured materials which are necessa- 
ry for the construction of their dwellings, and for the 
tools with which they are to cultivate their soil ? 

But such has been our situation, (unknown almost to 
ourselves) until a jealousy of our prosperity provoked 
a war, which barred us from the workshops of Eng- 
land ; and then we found we were in some measure 
obliged to rely on a treasonable trade, to clothe the ar- 
mies, which met her on the field of battle. The very 
powder which generated the thunder of our cannon, 
was sometimes British manufacture, and the striped 
bunting may often have been from the same loom with 
the cross of St. George^ over which it so frequently 
waved in triumph. 

Such a state of things, could not but awaken the spi- 
rit and enterprise of Americans. Amidst the agita- 
tions of war, while one part of the population was 
ranging itself under the military banners of our coun- 
try, another devoted itself to her interest in another 
form. Manufactures arose, as if by enchantment — on 
every stream she formed for herself spacious dwell- 
ings, and collected in them many thousands, who in no 
other way could contribute to the general weal. Those 
too young, or too old to bear arms, who had not strength 
for agricultural labours — the female, whose demestic 
services could be dispensed with in her family — found 
here a means of individual gain, and of adding to the 
public prosperity. In a short three years, the pro- 
duce of our looms rivalled foreign productions, and 
the nations with which we vvv-re contending, felt more 
alarm from the progress of our manufactures, than she 



president's tour. 9< 

did from the success of our arm3. But peace came 
While we were at war, the warehouses of England 
were filled with the produce of the labour which a loss 
of market had enabled her to purchase at a depreciated 
price. The moment intercourse between the two 
countries was opened, her hoarded stores were thrown 
opon us, and we were deluged with the manufactures 
which had been waiting the event. They could be 
sold without profit, because the manufacturer thought 
himself fortunate, if he could realise the capital which 
he had been obliged to expend, to support his estab- 
lishment while there was no sale for wares. 

But he was content to bear a loss, because, in the 
words of an English statesman, 'it was well worth 
while to incur a loss upon the first exportation, in or- 
der by the glut, to stifle in the cradle, those rising 
manufactures in the United States, which the war had 
forced into existence.* It would have been surprising, 
indeed, if our infant manufactures, the establishment; 
of which, had generally exhausted the capitals of those 
who embarked in them, could have sustained them- 
selves under such circumstances without any aid or 
support from the government — without any means of 
countervailing the effects of the sacrifices which for- 
eigners were willing to make for their destruction.— 
How were they to maintain themselves ? Ic was impos= 
sible — many of them sunk — but we hope, to rise again. 
The attention of the government, was too ardently di- 
rected during the war, to other objects, to perceive 
the policy or necessity of that protection, which the 
manufacturing interest did not then appear to want 
But now that peace will leave our legislators free to 

I 



<J8 PRESIDENTS TOUR. 



consider and provide for the real independence, and 
permanent prosperity of our country; now, when we 
have at the head of our administration, a citizen, whose 
presence here this evening, assures us of the interest he 
takes in the objects of our institution, we may hope 
that American manufactures will receive all the coun- 
tenance and support, that can be derived from the 
power of the government. Let that power be exerted 
only so far as to counteract the policy of foreign na- 
tions, and every American may be gratified in the pride 
of wearing the produce of the American soil, manufac- 
tured by American hands. Again, shall the surplus 
population of our great cities, and the feeble powers 
of women and children, find that means of useful and 
profitable employment, which manufactures alone can 
afford them. Again, shall the patriotic and enterpris- 
ing capitalist, find advantages in devoting his means and 
mind to objects so calculated to promote the prosperity 
•aid happiness of his country. And again shall foreign 
nations dread to see us rising to that real independ- 
ence, which we never can in truth enjoy, while we de- 
pend on any but ourselves for the first necessaries of 
life. The society beg leave to testify to the Chief 
Magistrate of the nation, the high sense they entertain 
of the honour he has conferred upon them by his pre- 
sence at this time, and sincerely participate in the 
feelings, which have been so universally manifested on 
his visit to our city, and most cordially tender him their 
best wishes for his health and happiness." 

The President was admitted as a member of this So- 
ciety. At the same time the three ex-Presidents, 
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madi 



• president's tour. 99 

Son, were also admitted. Mr. Monroe acknowledged 
the honour conferred upon him, with his usual digni- 
fied affability ; and the letters of his predecessors in 
office, returning thanks to, and expressive of their 
deep interest in, the success of the society, are al- 
ready before the public. 

The city of New-York cannot be minutely described 
in this work. The remark, however, cannot be omit- 
ted, that it is the pride of American merchants, and the 
great resort of the enterprising sons of commerce from 
every part of the Atlantic States. It is the pivot upon 
which American commerce turns ; dispensing to every 
part of North and South America, the products of almost 
every climate. Within its bosom the traveller sees the 
natives of every commercial country, and hears almost 
every living language spoken ! It is a world in minia- 
ture ; but admirably regulated by the excellence and 
energy of its police. It is the capital of the present 
capital state of the Union. Its public buildings unite 
magnificence, beauty and utility. The City Hall, if re- 
garded for the beauty of its architecture, or the dura- 
bility of its materials, stands unrivaled in the Western 
and scarcely excelled in the Eastern world. Foreign 
ers, in passing through Broadway ,will wonder why Ame- 
ricans exceed their countrymen as much in the science 
of architecture, as they do in all their public institu- 
tions. The city is built upon Manhatten island, at the 
junction of Hudson and East rivers. A capacious bay- 
spreads to the southward of it, interspersed with islarids 
forming a capacious harbour. From this harbour its 
thousands of vessels depart to the Southward, through 
the Narrows ; to the Eastward, through the Sound ; and 






100 PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

to the Northward, up the noble Hudson. They return 
again to their native waters, laden with the products of 
the four continents of the world. The magnitude of its 
commerce, makes the Tourist almost overlook the na- 
tural beauty of its situation. But the eye that can view 
this place from Hudson's Square, the Park, and the 
Battery, with indifference, must be blind to the sublime 
fievs of nature, and incapable of beaming with delight, 
at beholding the most finished productions of art. 
Thirty-eight edifices for the public worship of the De- 
ity, show that the people of New-York, while they en- 
joy all the blessings that wealth can impart, are not un- 
mindful of that bounteous Providence who enables them 
to participate so abundantly in these blessings. The 
public buildings of different kinds, cannot be minutely 
described in this little work ; but suffice it to say, they 
are all admirably well calculated for the purpose for 
which they were erected. 

The Hudson is the noblest stream in the Middle, 
•Northern and Eastern States. The immense impor- 
tance of its navigation, has called the inventive facul- 
ties of man into operation upon the most important 
subject, that ever exercised mechanical ingenuity ; the 
navigation of rapid streams. The invention of Steam 
Boats forms an era in the progress of the useful arts; 
and the name of Fulton will be handed down to poste- 
rity as one of the benefactors of man. The canal now 
constructing to unite the waters of the western Lakes, 
with that of the Hudson, is one of the grandest schemes 
ever conceived, and, when accomplished, the greatest 
ever executed. The President, while in this place, 
from his limited tarry, could hardly estimate the impor- 



President's tour. l-0;l 

lance of it to his extensive native country. His atten- 
tion" was particularly directed to the best mode o f de 
fending it irom an enemy ; and his admiration was ex 
cited to the highest elevation, when viewing the works 
which arose, as by magic, by the voluntary labours of its 
patriotic citizens. This place was settled by the Dutch 
in 1614 ; obtained its charter in 1686, and contains 
100,000 inhabitants. 

He took his departure from this place upon the 21st, 
in the Steam Boat Connecticut, Capt. Bunker, and ar- 
rived at New-Haven, in the State of Connecticut, upon 
the same day. 

This was the first place he visited in New-England. 

Upon arriving in. this section of the Union, the Pres- 
ident, whose education, pursuits, and habits, have led 
him to view things upon an extended scale, could not 
suppress the reflection that he had arrived amongst a 
peculiar people. The faithful pen of history had ena- 
bled him to trace their origin and progress from the 
barbarous ages of antiquity, down to the nineteenth 
century. 

They owe their origin to the ancient Saxons, the 
most brave, magnanimous, warlike and jealous of all 
the ancient tribes that once composed the C J Northern 
Hive" of Europe. They composed the van of that 
myriad, who in the fifth century precipitated themselves 
upon the Grecian and Roman empires, and entirely sub- 
verted them. Whatever this tribe might have been in 
the dark ages- of the world ; however gross might have 
been their idolatry, or blind their superstition ; from 
them Englishmen and Americans have descended. 

Originally unrestrained by the positive institutions of 

7 G 



i 02 president's topr. 

civilized society, centuries rolled over their heads 
before they could be brought to submit to regular gov- 
eminent. Possessing themselves of those countries 
which now constitute the British empire in Europe, it 
was not, until the reign of the great Alfred, that they 
were brought to blend the rights of man, in a state of 
nature, with the salutary restraints of law. They sur- 
rendered a portion of their rights, that the remainder 
might be enjoyed in security. 

The aspiring ambition of Feudal chiefs began to en- 
croach upon the rights they were bound to protect. A 
long succession of princes kept constantly assuming 
new prerogatives ; and as they augmented their pow- 
er, the privileges of the people were diminished. In 
the sixteenth century, the subjects of the British crown 
had but few rights remaining ; and amongst them, was 
that of emigration. The ancestors of New-England- 
ers, remembering their exalted origin, and determining 
no longer to be the degraded vassals of a perverted 
power, conceived and executed the perilous undertak- 
ing of seeking in a distant world, the enjoyments of 
those liberties and privileges, of which they were de- 
prived, in the land of their nativity. They landed as 
pilgrims upon the Rock of Plymouth. The}'' encoun- 
tered and overcame every obstacle, which a severe 
climate, ferocious savages, and wasting sickness pre- 
sented to their view. The wilderness, by their un- 
ceasing industry, was converted into productive fields ; 
the ocean, by their daring enterprise, was whitened by 
their canvass. The classical and eloquent Burke dar- 
ed to pronounce their eulogy before their oppressors 
in the revolutionary struggle, in his gigantic effort to 



president's tour. 10^ 

produce " conciliation" between the British crown, 
and the American colonies. They became the object 
and the wonder of the old world, and excited the jeal 
ousy of their mother country, the powerful mistress of 
the ocean. But acknowledging no superior but the 
God of the Universe, and resolving that the last piece 
of the soil of freedom that should be wrested from them 
should be their graves, they nobly dared resistance. 
The blood of their brethren was shed upon the fields 
they cultivated ; and with one accord, they changed 
the harmless implements of husbandry, for hostile 
weapons, to repel the invaders of a country " dearly 
their own." Conquest hung upon the banners of her 
embattled sons, and her plains and mountains echoed 
with the shouts of victory. They covered themselves 
with glory, and conquered a peace. They witness- 
ed the establishment of a constitution securing their 
rights. 

Then commenced the progress of her commercial 
and navigating glory. Her sons were seen in every 
elime ; from China to California, from the arctic to the 
antarctic circle e While the nations of the old world 
were contending for dominion, the enterprising sons of 
New England became the carriers for the world. Sud- 
den wealth was the fruit of their unparalleled exer- 
tions. Its gaudy charms dazzled their eyes and increas- 
ed their importance. The luxuries attendant upon the 
possession of it was calculated to enervate their minds, 
and to make them forget that individual wealth is the 
property of th<?. Republic, when necessary for the 
security of its liberty and independence. Rome did 
not lose her freedom, till the boundless wealth and lux- 



•04 PRESIDENT'S TOLI 

urious refinements of Greece made her citizens forger 
the glory of the Republic in the sordid attachment to 
wealth. 

<c That wealth too precious for their county's use— 
" That wealth too sacred to be lost for freedom." 

The belligerent powers of Europe commenced a se- 
ries of encroachments upon the rights of the American 
Republic. The council of the nation deemed the 
M restrictive system" expedient ; but the wealthy mer- 
chants of New-England could not be brought to approve 
of a measure which checked the rapid accumulation of 
wealth. A war was deemed by the same council to be 
just, necessary, and expedient ; but the men of princely 
fortunes, in the Eastern States, and the managers of 
monied institutions, denounced a measure which pre- 
vented them from adding to it, and calling upon them to 
expend a portion of it for the defence of the Republic. 
The legislatures of the New-England States, alarmed, 
lest the national government should encroach upon 
those of the States, convert the nation into a military 
government, and change her citizens to soldiers, mani- 
fested their opposition to many of the war-measures of 
Congress, and to those of James Monroe, Secretary at 
War, during the most dangerous period of it. 

Although this opposition might have increased the 
insolence of a haughty foe, and alarmed many of the 
friends of American freedom, it may not be without a 
salutary effect. It may serve to show that the confed- 
erated States, possessing each the right of self-govern- 
ment, have nevertheless a national authority sufficient 
to call forth all the resources of the Union, and secure 



president's tock. 105 

all its rights against an ambitious and powerful enemy. 
It may serve also, to show that the state governments 
will always have a watchful eye over the supreme 
jpowrrof the nation. 

When a glorious peace wa<* made, and the vastly im- 
portant services of the then Secretary at War, were 
duly appreciated, when he became President of the 
United States, and announced his intention of exploring 
the Northern and Eastern section of the Union, the 
whole population, by common consent, resolved to 
show the President that distinguished respect which 
14 his private virtues and public services" justly entitle 
him to receive. This was not inconsistent with the 
most decided opposition amongst the people upon polit- 
ical subjects. However desirable unanimity of senti- 
ment upon moral and religious subjects may be, the 
history of the world incontestibly proves that an union 
of parties upon political subjects, is the sure forerunner 
of despotism. There are no parties in China, none in 
Turkey, none in Russia, and there is no freedom. Op- 
postion in England, has preserved the few rights which 
Englishmen now possess. Opposition, in America may 
be the means of preserving the full fruition of enjoy- 
ments which Americans, by the blessing of Providence, 
and their own firmness so happily enjoy. 

The capacious mind of the President must have 
been fully aware of the right of the people to oppose 
peaceably his political system ; but he knew they were 
all his fellow citizens ; and all entitled to the protec- 
tion of the government over which he presided ; and 
it must have been doubly gratifying to him, to see his 
political opponents, as well as his political friends, te« 



106 president's tour. 

tifyingunto him the marked and distinguished attention* 
he received. 

[.For the following happy production, I am indebted i§ 
some genius tome unknown.^ 

NEW ENGLAND. 

WHEN our fathers of yore hove in sight of the shore, 

And the sailors were first heard to sing, Land, 
From their cabin so hamper'd, on deck they all scampei'd, 

To take the first peep at New-England : 
The rough, rugged shores of New-England, 

The wild woods and rocks of New-England, 
So pleased with the view, they directly hove too. 

And they caper'd ashore in New-England. 

They tore up the soil, with abundance of toil, 

And they soon made a beautiful green land, 
And they planted a tree, which they call'd Liberty,. 

In the generou^aoil of New-England : 
It flourished and greV in New-England : 

Its branches spread over New-England : 
And under its shadow, our fathers have had O ! 

The richest of joys in New-England. 

But Mr. John Bull, who would lord it full, 

Came out in a rage from Old England ; 
And swore that this tree, no longer should be 

Found growing so high, in New-England : 
That it never belong'd to New-England : 

Though it already bloom'd in New-England *, 
So we soon came to blows ; with a huge bloody nost. 

He was glad to pack off from New-England. 

Next came monsieur Frank, all so nimble and crank, 

Who thought o'er the world he should swing hand : 
From rabble and robbery, to kick up a bobbery, 

'Mongst the peaceable folks of New-England : 
To sow his wild oats in New-England : 

To sap the fair tree of New-England : 
To our tight little Navy, he soon cried pecavi, 

And he caper'd away from New-England. 

Now we've peace all around, and with joy we abound, 
Our rights are secur'd in this free land ; 



president's tour. 107 

We're all now united, we're highly delighted 
With the manners and men of New-England : 

With the clams and the fish of New-England : 
The Rivers and Brooks of New-England : 

And our Army and Navy, will send to Old Davy, 
The foes to the rights of New-England. 

The manner of his reception at New-Haven was 
evincive of the sincerest respect. 

"The Committee, apprised of the disposition of His 
Excellency the Governour of Connecticut, to manifest 
a respectful attention to the President while in the 
state, and of his intention to meet him at New-Haven, 
requested permission to escort him to town. In con- 
nection with a large concourse of ther fellow citizens, 
they met him accordingly on Wednesday, three miles 
from the city, and escorted him to his lodgings. The 
procession was conducted in a handsome style ; was a 
token of respect entertained by the citizens for their 
Chief Magistrate, and was a happy presage of the cordi- 
al welcome about to be given to the President of the 
United States. 

On the 21st, in the afternoon, the President arrived 
in the Steam Boat Connecticut, Capt. Bunker. The 
day was unusually fine, and the whole city and adjacent 
country were alive on the occasion. The shipping 
diplayed their colours at an early hour. 

The approach of the President was announce'd by a 
national salute from the revenue cutter, Capt. Lee, 
when the boat arrived in the month of the harbour ; 
this was succeeded by a salute from fort Hale, under 
the charge of Lieuts. Dickinson and Munn on the East, 
and from Capt. Ward's brig on the West side of the 
bay, and then followed by a salute from Capt Blake'6 



108 president's tour, 

company of State Artillery, stationed near the Steam 
Boat Hotel. A large concourse of people were assem= 
bled on the adjacent shore, and while all were mani- 
festly anxious to " catch the joys" of the scene, the ut- 
most harmony and good order prevailed. 

Nathaniel Rossiter, Esq. Sheriff of the county of New- 
Haven, and Robert Fairchild, Esq. Marshal of the 
District of Connecticut, acting as Marshals of the day, 
immediately proceeded on board the Steam Boat, and 
signified to the President the request of the Committee 
to show him their respects in behalf of their fellow 
citizens. The Committee, conducted by the Marshals, 
were introduced to the President, by Abraham Bishop, 
Esq. Collector of the Port, when the Hon. Mr. Good- 
rich, Mayor of the City, and Chairman of the Com- 
mittee, in an appropriate, oral address, in the name and 
behalf of his fellow citizens, welcomed the Chief Ma- 
gistrate of the United States to the City of New-Haven ; 
tendered him their congratulations on the interesting 
occasion, and requested him to accept the escort of 
Maj. Prescott's Company of Governour's Horse Guards, 
and that the Committee and their fellow citizens might 
be permitted to accompany him to his lodgings. The 
demonstrations of respect manifested by the Commit- 
tee, were reciprocated in an elegant manner by the 
President. 

The Mayor, preceded by the Marshals and their As- 
sistants, then waited upon him from the boat to the 
shore, attended by his suite, consisting of Brigadier 
General Swift, of the Corps of Engineers, and Super- 
intendant of the Military Academy of the U. States, 
and Mr. Mason, his private Secretary. On his land- 



PRESIDENT'S TOtK. 109 

ing the Horse-Guards received him in an handsome 
style ; and as he passed to the carriage prepared for 
his reception, attended by the Committee, Captain 
Blake's Artillery, having formed on the bridge without 
their pieces, saluted him in a manner which did them 
honour. 

The procession was under the superintendance of 
the Marshals of the day, and of Col. S. P. Staples, 
Major Luther Bradley, Nathan Peck, and Henry W. 
Edwards, Esqrs. who acted as Assistant Marshals, and 
was peculiarly distinguished for order, regularity, and 
decency of arrangement. 

Major Prescott's Horse-Guards formed the military 
escort in advance of the President, who was in a coach, 
attended by the gentlemen of his suite ; the Marshals 
of the day accompanying his carnage. The Commit- 
tee, and a numerous collection of citizens from various 
parts of the state, made up the escort. The bells 
rung a peal during the ceremonies. 

On Saturday morning, the President paid an early 
visit to the manufactory of Eli Whitney, Esq. erected 
for the fabrication of fire arms ; an institution which, 
we understand, has at all times been encouraged by his 
patronage, and which, on examination, it is presumed, 
has lost nothing in his estimation. 

Soon after his return he visited the Colleges, attend- 
ed by the President elect, the Professors, and many 
gentlemen of distinction, minutely examined the Li- 
brary, Chemical Laboratory, Philosophical Chamber, 
and the elegant Cabinet of Minerals, deposited by Col. 
George Gibbs. 

The Governour's Horse and Foot Guards, CoL 

K 



110 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

Hoadley's Regiment of Flying Artillery, Capt. Blake's 
Company of State Artillery, and Capt. Staples' Com- 
pany of Light Infantry, assembled at an early hour in 
honour of the occasion. They were formed for review 
in a handsome style ; the Horse Guards and Col. Hoad- 
ley's Regiment on the right ; the Foot Guards and 
Capt. Staples' Company on the left, and Capt. Blake's 
Artillery in the centre, and were reviewed by the Pre- 
sident at 12 o'clock. Their appearance was such as to 
do them much credit. 

The presence of the Governour and Lieut. Govern- 
our did honour to the occasion ; they accompanied the 
President in the various exhibitions of the day. In the 
evening, the Committee in behalf of their fellow citi- 
zens, expressed to him the high sense they entertain- 
ed of his visit, with their best wishes for his individual 
prosperity, and a successful discharge of the duties of 
his exalted station." 

The classical mind of the President must have been 
exhilirated upon his entrance into this delightful city. 
In viewing the renowned University of Yale, and in- 
specting the Library, Chemical Laboratory, Philosoph- 
ical Apparatus, and the Cabinet of Minerals, he could 
but remember, that at this seminary, under the emi- 
nent Presidents and Professors of it, many of the youths 
of his native state, here laid the foundation of useful- 
ness to the public, and eminence to themselves. In 
viewing the ancient State-House, he must have remem- 
bered the catalogue of eminent Connecticut Govern- 
ours, who had therein presided over the deliberations 
of her Assemblies. He was accompanied by the pre- 
sent Chief Magistrate of that State, Oliver Wplcott, 



president's tour. 1,11 

Nvho had many years before gone hand in hand with 
him in the Council and Cabinet of the nation. When 
beholding the elegant edifices for public worship, and 
worshipping in one of them himself, he must have be- 
lieved that the people remembered with adoration 
that Being, who planted the vine and still sustains it.* 
In casting his eyes along the extended wharf, he must 
have been convinced that the enterprise of man some- 
times overcomes a natural disadvantage. This city is 
situated at the head of a small bay, in Long-Island 
Sound. Its population, including the town, was, in 
1810, 7000. 

Upon the 23d, at an early hour, the President left 
this city ; and as he passed through the country from 
thence to Middletown, he was sensibly struck with the 
perpetual succession of firm houses and cottages ; re- 
marking, upon his arrival upon the banks of Connecti- 
cut river, that ''he was not, upon his passage, without 
the sight of an house at any time, and most of the time 
■within sight of many." 

il At Durham, six miles south, he was met by a large 
and respectable Committee, together with a number of 
citizens, and a Company of Cavalry, who escorted him 
to this place. Upon his approach to the town, he was 
received by several Companies ©f Infantry, and a large 
eoncourse of the inhabitants. He was mounted on an 
elegant white horse, provided for the occasion ; and as 
he rode along, the unaffected truly republican simplicity 
of his deportment, attracted for our Chief Magistrate 

* The motto of the arms of Connecticut, is " Qwi transtuliu 
sustineL" 



fl$ present's tour. 

that spontaneous tribute of respect, which many a 
crowned head may wish for, but can never hope to re- 
ceive. The highest officer of our Republic, passing 
through a section of the country which he had never 
before beheld, with all the plainness of a private citizen, 
requiring no attention, but every where met by volun- 
tary demonstrations of attachment, presented a specta- 
cle deep];/ interesting, :inu morally sublime. 

After breakfast, the President took a survey of dif- 
ferent manufacturing establishments in the town, and 

\ its vicinity. He visited the pistol manufactory of Messrs. 

\ Norths, the sword manufactory of Messrs. Starrs, and 
Mr. Johnson's manufactory of rifles, that species of 
arms in the use of which Americans particularly excel, 
4nd which, aided by the energetic measures of Mr. 
Monroe, contributed so much to our glorious victory at 
New-Orleans. The President, -and General Swift, 
were so highly pleased with the specimens of Messrs. 
Starrs' workmanship, that they each procured one of 
t!;eir beautiful swords, which for temper and proof are 
probably superior to an}' made in Europe. 

In the afternoon, the President was accompanied on 
his way to Hartford, for three or four miles, by a large 
number of citizens, many of whom, together with a 
troop of Horse, escorted him as fir as JVethevsfield, (12 
miles from that place) where they were met by the in- 
habitants and military of that town, and of Hartford, 
who conducted him to that city in a very handsome 
style. 

In Middletown there are now living but two officers 
who served in the army of the American revolt tion. 
The President, whose gallantry in that service is test- 



president's tour. 11*3 

ed by honourable wounds, was particularly attentive 
to them both, and feelingly recognized, as an acquain- 
tance during the revolutionary war, one of them who 
is now broken down by infirmities and age. 

If the reception of the President cannot vie in splen- 
dour with that of large cities, we may yet venture to 
assert that few other places have welcomed him with 
more cordiality and respect." 

The city of Middletown is situated upon the west 
bank of Connecticut river, about thirty-five miles from 
its mouth. The scite of this place forms a kind of 
amphitheatre ; upon the western and northern borders 
of which, a delightful view of it is presented to the eye 
of the traveller. There are no magnificent private 
mansions, nor any gorgeous public buildings to attract 
attention ; but every object is an indication of industry 
and comfort ; and the manners and deportment of its 
citizens, shew their refinement and hospitality. Although 
removed from the immediate danger of invasion, its en- 
terprising citizens are constantly furnishing rifles, szvords 
and pistols, for the defence of their common country. 
The woollen manufactory here, under the direction of 
Alexander Wolcott, Esq. Collector of the Port, will vie 
with the first in the Union. In this city, is the neat and 
elegant residence of the Hero of Champlain, where he 
can retire, crowned with the laurels of war, into the de 
lightful scenes of domestic peace. In this city is estab- 
lished a branch of the National Bank'. Its population, 
in 1810, was a little over 2000. 

The President left this city upon the 23d, in the af- 
ternoon, accompanied by Gen. Swift, his private Sec 
rotary, Mr, Mason, and Gen. Humphrey, once the 

K2 



i 14 PRESIDENT'S TOVtt, 

Aid-de-camp of Washington, and afterwards the Bi- 
ographer of Putnam. Upon his arrival at Wether sfield, 
he found a large collection of citizens ready to greet 
his arrival. But their acclamations could not drive 
from his recollection his early congressional friend, the 
Hon. Stephen Mix Mitchell, a resident there, who 
had recently retired from the office of Chief Justice 
of Connecticut. He paid him a visit ; and although 
the frost of age was visible upon their honoured heads, 
their hearts warmed into fervour upon meeting, after a 
long absence. The interview was short, but delightful. 
The President proceeded toward the city of Hartford ; 
and at about a mile south of the city, he and his suite 
left their carriage, and, elegantly mounted on horse- 
back, approached it. 

His reception in this place, did credit to the taste and 
patriotism of the citizens. 

On Monday, the 23d, from previous arrangement, 
the first Company of the Governour's Horse Guards, 
under the command of Maj. Buck, repaired to Weth- 
ersfield, about four miles from this city, to receive the 
President. A large concourse of citizens from this and 
the neighbouring towns, also assembled there, and es- 
corted the President to the south green in this city, 
where the Hartford Artillery, commanded by Capt. 
Ripley ; the East Hartford Artillery, commanded by 
Capt. Olmsted ; the Simsbury Artillery, commanded 
by Capt. Humphrey ; the whole commanded by Col. 
Johnson, fired a national salute. He was then received 
by the first Company of the Governour's Foot Guards, 
commanded by Major Goodwin ; Capt. Johnson's, 
€apt. Wadswortlx's, Capt. Rockwell's, Capt. Ells- 



president's tour* 11 



o 



North's, and Capt. Brown's Infantry Companies, under 
the command of Col. Loomis, and a detachment of Cav 
airy, under command of Col. Gleason ; and the whole of 
the immense assemblage of soldiers and citizens, escort 
ed the President over the city bridge, which was ele* 
gantly ornamented with three lofty arches, thrown over 
it, composed of evergreen and laurel, in imitation of 
the triumphal arches of Rome, under which the bene- 
factors of the Commonwealth passed. 

From the centre arch was suspended a label, " March 
4th, 1817." As the President passed the bridge, he 
was in the most animated manner, cheered by the citi- 
zens. An elegant flag waved over the arches, with the 
letter M ; it being the same letter reversed, which on 
election day meant WOLCOTT., 

He was escorted by this numerous assemblage to 
Morgan's Coffee House, where he received the congra- 
tulations and the address of the citizens delivered by 
John Morgan, Esq. senior Alderman ; to which he 
gave an elegant, appropriate, and impressive answer. 
He then, with General Swift, and his private Secretary; 
Mr. Mason, reviewed the elegant line of troops drawn 
up in Main-Street. He soon after visited the Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum, expressed his admiration of the astonish- 
ing progress of the pupils, and retired to his lodgings 
amidst the most numerous collection of soldiers and cit- 
izens ever witnessed in Hartford. The whole was an 
unequivocal expression of public sentiment. It shews 
that James Monroe is the man whom " the peopU 
delight to honour*" 



11G president's tour. 

The following is the address delivered to the President 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The pleasing duty has devolved on us of pre- 
senting you the congratulations of the citizens of Hart- 
ford, on your arrival in this city. It is with sentiments 
of regard for private worth, no less than respect for 
official dignity, that the personal presence of the first 
Magistrate of our Nation is associated. 

The endearing relation which subsists between the 
people of a free country and their political father and 
guide, is peculiarly fitted to cherish and ennoble these 
sentiments. 

It is no less our happiness, sir, than yours, that your 
administration has commenced at a period gilded by the 
recent exploits of our Army and Navy, and at the same 
time enjoying the tranquillity and security of peace : 
when full scope is.given to the enterprize, industry and 
skill of our citizens, in the employments of agriculture 
and manufactures ; when the pursuits of science, and 
the cultivation of the arts of civilized life are encourag- 
ed by their appropriate rewards ; and when the spirit 
of party, with its concomitant jealousies and misrepre- 
sentations, no longer " render alien to each other, those 
who ought to be bound together by paternal affection." 
We anticipate in your administration, commenced un- 
der such auspices, and blessed with the smiles of Him, 
" whose dominion is an everlasting dominion ;" a peri- 
od of glory to our countr}', and of honour to yourself. 

The State of Connecticut, as she was among the first 
to adopt the Constitution of the United States, so will 
she always be among its most firm and zealous suppor- 
ters. 

The people of this State, while they cher^h a high 
spirit of freedom, are, from the force of our in stitutions 
and habit?, distinguished also for their love of order and 
submission to the laws. In pursuing a policy, which, 
as we confidently expect, will s;ive the best e fleet to 
the principles of our government ; establishing com- 
merce upon a permanent basis j render us strong and in- 



president's tour. 117 

dependent ; confer on us a distinct and elevated nation- 
al character ; and secure to our country those high ad- 
vantages, which seem destined for her by Providence, 
you may be assured of an hearty support. 

May Heaven grant, Sir, that your life may be long 
and happy ; and that the freedom and independence of 
our country my be perpetual. 

JOHN MORGAN, 

In behdf of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Coun- 
cil, and Freemen of the city of Hartford. 
Hartford, June 23, 1817. 

To which the President made tke following Reply: 

To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the 

City of Hartford. 

Fellow-Citizens ; 

I beg you to accept my grateful acknowledgements 
for the favourab'e sentiments which you have express- 
ed towards me, and the kind and friendly manner in 
which you have received me. No one can take more 
interest than I do in the present prosperous and happy 
condition of our country. Having witnessed two wars, 
attended with imminent distress, and which made a se- 
vere trial of our institutions, I see, ^ith the most heart- 
felt satisfaction, the happy consequences attending our 
exertions, and which you have so justly described in 
the review which you have taken of them. Blessed 
with peace, agriculture, the arts, and commerce flour- 
ishing ; jealousies subsiding, and our bond of union 
daily gaining strength, our situation is peculiarly hap- 
py, and the prospect of its long continuance the most 
flattering. In a State where the arts and sciences are 
so happily cultivated, and which has evinced so strong 
an attachment to the cause ofliberty, full confidence is 
entertained, that it will always be found among the 
most zealous supporters of that cause, and of our most 
excellent Constitution. 

JAMES MONROE, 



Il8 PRESIDENT'S T6UR, 

The city of Hartfard was the first place upon the 
river Connecticut, in the interior, where a permanent 
settlement was made by Europeans. A selected com- 
pany, from the ancient colony of Massachusetts, com- 
menced their travels to the westward, in pursuit of a 
fertile region. Upon the banks of this beautiful stream 
they found it, and began the arduous labour of planting 
a new colony. Providence smiled upon the undertak* 
ing, ana blessed the labour of their hands. This city 
has always been the leading place in the state ; although 
the legislature altarnately sits here and at New-Haven. 
This practice arose from the union of the ancient colo- 
nies of Connecticut and New-Have?i, uniting together to 
form the State of Connecticut. No interior town in 
New-England unites more advantages than Hartford. 
Although it will not rank with great commercial places, 
it commands a great proportion of the trade of the fer- 
tile and flourishing country upon the Connecticut, from 
Canada to its mouth ; a stream unrivalled in the New- 
England States. An active trade is also carried on 
from this place with the West Indies, and with most of 
the other States. Hartford is situated upon the West 
bank of this river, about fifty miles from its mouth, and 
at the head of sloop navigation ; it being navigable for 
boats of considerable burthen, 200 miles above it. The 
city is divided into two sections by the Little river, 
The main street is nearly two miles in length upon the 
heigl't of ground ; a number of streets running from 
it, E*st to the Connecticut, and West to the Little ri- 
ver, and the adjoining country. The public buildings, 
considering the size of the place, are not exceeded by 
any town in the union. The State-House, the Brick 



^resident's touk. 119 

Meeting-House, and the two banks, are fine specimens 
of architecture, and excite the admiration of travel- 
lers. 

The toll bridge across the Connecticut river, at this 
place, and the cause-way through the adjoining meadow, 
will not suffer by a comparison with the first works of 
this kind in the union. 

Although this place can boast of no literary institu- 
tion above a grammar school ; yet it will forever be re- 
membered as the first place in the Western world that 
established an institution for the instruction of the Deaf 
and Dumb. The Abbe Sicard, of France, has already 
had his name enrolled amongst the benefactors of man- 
kind. His pupils, one an American, a native of Hart- 
ford, the other a Frenchman, are conductors of the 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum in this city. Language is in- 
competent to the grateful task of eulogizing the found- 
ers of this institution. By their benevolent aid, they 
are rescuing a portion of their fellow creatures from ; 
humilitating state of mental imbecility, and giving then 
a rank in the intellectual world. Without their aid, th' 
interesting objects of their benevolence, with the hu 
man form, would rise but little above mere animal na- 
ture. The unceasing assiduity of Mr. Gallaudett, 
and Le Clerc, the conductors of this institution, has 
secured to them the undivided approbation of men, and 
angels must smile with complacency upon their labours. 
This institution owes its origin to private munificence. 
Much has been done from this source. The Legisla- 
ture of Connecticut made the first grant from a public 
treasury. It requires the fostering aid of the nation. 
The President has visited this Assylum, and his known 



120 president's tour. 

and acknowledged philanthropy excites a hope, that 
his influence will be exerted to make this an Asylum 
for the Deaf and Dumb in humble and dependent life, as 
well as for those whose abundant means enable them, 
from their own resources, to obtain the inestimable bles- 
sing ©f rational reflection. 

The benevolent founders of this institution have it 
in contemplation to erect a building in the South part 
of this city, suitable for a college for the Deaf and 
Dumb. The place selected, will embrace the delight- 
ful scenery, and the salubrious air of the country, with- 
in a few minutes walk of the city. As long as heaven 
permits the world to remain as it is, and continues to 
call human beings into existence, this Astlum will be 
resorted to as an aid for the deficiences of Nature. A 
portion of man have always been born Deaf and Dumb, 
and probably will so be born hereafter. The popula- 
tion of the city and town, in 1810, was 6000. 

Early upon the 24th, the President and his suite left 
this place, after visiting the State Arsenal, with the 
QuaitoT-Master-General of the State ; and, passing 
through the flourishing towns of Windsor and Suffield, 
arrived at Spingfield, in Massachusetts, the same day 
in the forenoon. 

" The President arrived at the line of Massachu- 
setts, on the West side of the Connecticut, about two 
o'clock, where he was m^t by an escort from this town 
and the vicinity, consisting of about sixty gentlemen on 
horseback, and so many other gentlemen in carriages, 
as to make the retinue extend more than half a mile 
when in close order. In this manner he was introduced 
into town. At the bridge, he was met by the Artillery 



P-KESlL>Ei\T V S TOU'K, l$l 

Company commanded by Capt. Warriner, and a federal 
salute was immediately commenced, and the bells rung. 
On his arrival at Bennett's Inn, he was received by a 
concourse of people as large as we recollect ever to 
have seen on any former occasion. The following Ad- 
dress was then delivered by the Chairman of the Com- 
mittee, to which the President made ahighlvsatisfacto« 
ry answer, verbally ; a written one not being reques- 
ted or expected." 

r 

May it please your excellency ; 

We wait on you as a Committee, in behalf of the 
people of this and the neighbouring towns, cordially to 
welcome your arrival within the limits of the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts. 

Of such extent is the country over which, by the 
voice of the people, according to our excellent Consti- 
tution, you are cailed to preside ; so various and al? 
important are the duties of your high station, that but a 
small portion of our citizens could ever expect the 
honour and favour of personally knowing their Chief 
Magistrate. 

When your Excellency's intention to visit the North- 
ern States during this season, and the other States of 
the Union, whenever your cares and arduous labours 
at the seat of government would admit of your leaving it, 
was announced, we contemplated it with pleasure, as 
having a tendency to draw still closer that bond of union 
which ought never to be broken, or even relaxed, by 
the intrigues of foreign nations, or the faults and follies 
of our own. 

In personally viewing the various establishments 
made by the government of the United States, since the 
adoption of the Constitution, for the security and de- 
fence of our country, we sincerely hope your Excel- 
lency will see mych to approve ; and that in this place 
you will iind the efforts made to relieve us from that 
dependence on other nations for implements of war, (so 

L 



122 president's tour. 

painful to us during our struggle for independence) not 
unworthy of your notice and approbation. We ardent- 
ly wish your Excellency prosperity in your journey- 
ing ; perfect self-complacency in yo-<r administration 
of the government ; and, under the smiles of Provi- 
dence, all personal blessings. 



41 The President and his suite went on horseback, 
escorted as before, to view the public works of the 
United States. When he reached the public ground on 
the hill, he was again received with a federal salute. 
On his return to the inn, 410 children assembled from 
the several schools in the village, passed in procession 
before the door of the inn, where the President was. 
One of the Committee said to the President : — We 
here present to your excellency the hopes of our coun- 
try, and we are endeavouring to train them up in the 
nurture and admonition of the Lord, and in the pure 
principles of republican government." — To which the 
President replied : — " I am much pleased and gratified 
with their appearance, and 1 pray God to bless them 
and you, and carry your good design into effect." 

The President left town about 4 o'clock, P. M. on 
his way to New-London, escorted by about 40 gentle- 
men on horseback, to the line of Connecticut, on the 
east side of the river." 

Upon entering the flourishing town of Springfield, the 
President was animated at the appearance of a village 
upon the banks of the Connecticut, seventy five miles 
from its mouth, offering to the view of the traveller 
every appearance of wealth, and every evidence of 
temporal enjoyment. Historical recollections would 
make him reflect, that this place, then enjoying the 



president's tour. 123 

blessings of a mild and well regulated government, was, 
in 1786, surrounded by a rebellious banditti, led by 
Daniel Shays, the Jack Cade of New-England, threaten- 
ing the lives of its unoffending citizens, and endeavour- 
ing to subvert the institutions of civil society. It was 
not like the insurrections of English peasantry, demand- 
ing of government a redress of real grievances, a di- 
minution of exorbitant taxes, and a supply of necessary 
food ; but a rebellion excited by those turbulent and 
restless spirits, who commence a riot without reason, 
and cannot be reasoned into submission. When the 
rebellion of a Shays is remembered, it will not be for- 
gotten that it was suppressed by the firmness and pru- 
dence of a Shepherd, with the loss of but little blood. 
He might have said with Ccezar, " I came — I saw — I 
conquered." 

In this town, there has long been in operation the 
most celebrated manufactory of fire arms in the union. 
The cannon that have here been made, have thunder- 
ed defiance to our enemies, and scattered death through 
their ranks. For some years past, more than twelve 
thousand stand of superior small arms have here been 
annually made for the public service. The President, 
in viewing this important establishment, and inspecting 
these weapons of death, would not, with a French 
monarch, cause to be stamped upon them — " Lex ulti- 
ma Regis" — but he might well exclaim — " These are 
the defence of our beloved Republic." 

The people of Springfield imitated the example of 
an ancient patriot, who, when his Supreme Ruler was 
passing through his dominions to receive the donations 
of his people, presented to him his numerous offspring. 



1X4 PRESIDENT'S TOUK. 

exclaiming, " These are my treasures.'' The philan- 
thropic and patriotic bosom of gut beloved Chief Ma* 
gistrate must have swollen with rapture, when " tkl 
hopes of our country" weie presented to him by their 
parents ; and he might well pronounce the blessing he 
did, " I pray God to bless them and you." 

The President, ardent in the pursuit of the great ob- 
jects of his Tour, left this place in haste ; but must 
have " cast a long and lingering look behind." He pass- 
ed through the town of Long Meade®, where hemp is 
produced in abundance for the supply of cordage for 
the American navy ; and through Enfield and East- 
Windsor, where American liquor is manufactured in 
great quantities for the American army. He lodged at 
East Hartford. In passing from Springfield to this 
place, the President was charmed with the fertility of 
the country, and his view of it was not obstructed by 
any public attention from the people. 

Upon the morning of the 25th, he arose with the 
rising sun, and with his retinue, passed through a coun- 
try where the industry of man has converted a country, 
having no natural claim to fertility, into a garden ; and 
arrived at New London in the afternoon. This place, 
which was, in the last war, defended so well by the ju- 
dicious arrangements of the then Secretary at War, and 
at this time President of the United States, received him 
in the following manner. 

" The President with his suite, was met by the 
Committee of Arrangements ; when, being escorted by 
the first Company of Light Dragoons, commanded by 
Capt. Dennis, and respectfully followed by a long pro- 
fession of citizens, they passed down State street and 



president's tour. . 1 - 

Bank street, to the house of Mr. P. T. Tabcr, where 
arrangements had been made for his accommodation ; 
the citizens, under the direction of the Marshals, form- 
ing two lines, between which, preceded by the military, 
he passed to his lodgings. The President then receiv- 
ed the customary salutes of the military, and was cheer- 
ed by the grateful smiles of the people. Salutes were 
iired from the Artillery, from the U. States vessels, and 
from Fort Trumbull. 

Soon after, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common 
Council, waited on the President, and presented an 
address in behalf of the city, to which he made a reply. 
The Court of Common Pleas, then in session, accom- 
panied by the principal gentlemen of the bar, waited on 
him with their congratulatory respects. A number of 
other gentlemen were also introduced, presenting their 
congratulations. 

The visit of the Chief Magistrate of the nation to 
this place, was highly pleasing to the people, and can- 
not fail to excite in their minds grateful sentiments for 
the mild and happy government under which they live, 
and a nigh respect for him who is at the head of the 
nation." 

ADDRESS 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the 
city of New-London, in behalf of the Corporation, with 
high respect for his personal character, and great vene- 
ration for his exalted station, embrace this occasion to 
' welcome the President of the United States on his safe 
arrival in this place. 

A visit from the Chief Magistrate of a nation so re- 

L2 



126 president's tour. 

spectable and important in the scale of political exist- 
ence as the United States, to this portion of the Union, 
is an occurrence, interesting to the patriot, and highly 
gratifying to the feelings of this community ; an occur- 
rence which as individuals, we shall remember, and 
which the Corporation will record. 

It affords us consolation that your administration has 
commenced at a period favourable for improvement, 
for the establishment of a national — of an American 
character. A period when the storms of war have 
passed, and days of peace commenced ; when party 
spirit is assuaged, and a spirit of miatual charity and for- 
bearance nationally prevails. 

That the President of the United States, in common 
with his fellow citizens, is enjoying that state of peace.. 
which his own agency and energy so essentially pro- 
duced, is to us a source of pleasing reflection and con- 
sideration. 

We trust that we may be indulged in the pleasing 
contemplation, that we possess our habitations in safe- 
ty ; that our shores are free from alarms, and that the 
waters of our harbours are relieved from the presence 
of a threatening and a hostile fleet. 

With great satisfaction, we once more behold in the 
Chief Magistrate of the United States, a man who, in 
his youth, had an agency in achieving, with his sword, 
the independence, and establishing the pillars of that 
government, of which he is now the head, and which 
is the pride of America, and the wonder of the world. 

From the high stations you have held, and honoura- 
bly sustained — from the eminent services you have 
rendered our common country, we have a happy as- 
surance, under Divine Providence, of an honourable 
and prosperous administration ; and that under the aus- 
pices of your government, we shall be a united and a 
happy people. 

Nothing can give more satisfaction, than a considera- 
tion of the parental view, and extensive survey which 
the President is taking of the northern section of that 
country, which is happily united under a government of 
energy and freedom : and of which, by the choice of a 



PRESIDENTS TOUR. 127 

great and enlightened people, he is now the political 
head. 

Be pleased, Sir, to accept our sincere wishes that 
your life may be prolonged and happy ; — That your 
administration may be prosperous and blessed ; — That 
your journey may be pleasant ; and that you may, in 
health and safety, be returned to the bosom of your fa 
mily, and all your endearing and domestic relations, 
with happiness and satisfaction. 

JEREMIAH Q. BRAINARD, Mayor, 

June 25, 1817. 

The President's reply. 

To the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the 

city of New-London. 

Fellow-Citizens ; 

In making a Tour through the Eastern States, with a 
view to public defence, New-London had a strong claim 
to attention ; and in visiting it, I have been much grati- 
fied by the very friendly reception which has been giv 
en to me. 

Aware of the favourable circumstances under which 
I have commenced the duties of the high trust to which 
I have been appointed by my fellow citizens, it will be 
my zealous endeavour to derive from them, in the ad- 
ministration of the government, all the advantages which 
they can afford. It is only by making adeqate prepa- 
ration for war, now that we are blessed with peace, that 
we can hope to avert that calamity in future. It is only 
by a vigorous prosecution of the war,, when it becomes 
inevitable, that its evils can be mitigated, and an hon- 
ourable peace be soon restored. 

In the pursuit of great national objects, it is equally 
the interest and the duty of the whole American people 
to unite. Happy in a government which secures to us 
the full enjoyment of all our civil and religious rights, 
we have evry inducement to unite in its support. 
With such union we have nothing to dread from foreign 
powers. 

For the kind interest which you take in my welfare, 



1 C 1Q PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

I beg you to accept of my warmest thanks, and to b€ 
assured of the sincerity with which I reciprocate it, in. 
favour of the citizens of New-London, and its. vicinity 

JAMES MONROE, 

C{ On Thursday morning, the President, with his 
suite, attended by Com. Bainbridge, Capt. Oliver H. 
Perrry, and other distinguished military and naval offi- 
cers present, were conveyed in barges to Fort Trum- 
bull. On his leaving the wharf, a salute was fired by 
the Enterprize sloop of war ; and on his landing a sa- 
lute was fired from the Fort. 

After inspecting the site, and "'works of Fort Trum- 
bull, he proceeded across the harbour to Groton, to 
visit Fort Griswold, that memorable spot, which a band 
of Volunteer Militia bravely defended, when assaulted 
by the British troops, September 6, 1781 ; and where 
a large number were sacrificed after the surrender of 
the Fort. 

A national salute was fired from Fort Griswold, when 
the President landed. He was met by a sommittee of 
Arrangements, and a large assemblage of citizens of 
Groton and the neighbouring towns ; all vicing with 
each other in expressions of respectful attention to him, 
whom the nation has distinguished by its honours. 

He was then escorted to the Fort by the first Com- 
pany of Grenadiers of the eighth Regiment, commanded 
by Capt. Dabell, and accompanied by the select men, 
and civil authority, and followed by a long cavalcade of 
citizens, to the gate of Fort Griswold. 

He entered the Fort with his suite, the naval and 
military • fficers present, and several distingutshed citi- 
zens. In the Fort, at his request, some of the surviving 



president's tour. 1 

heroes who so valiantly defended it in the revolutionary 
war, were introduced to the President. The scene 
now became truly interesting. After a lapse of so ma- 
ny years, Fort Griswold, and the hill on which it stands* 
becomes again distinguished in the annals of our coun- 
try. There we behold the Nation's Chief; and at his 
side the hoary Veteran — who, on that spot, thirty-seven 
years having since passed, stood as a Volunteer in de- 
fence of his Country and his Home; and after surren- 
dering to a superior force was wounded and left for 
dead. 

Mr. Park Avery, and his brother Mr. Ebenezer A- 
very, of Groton, both upwards of seventy years of age 
were among the few survivors present. Their scars 
were too conspicuous to permit them to escape the 
particular notice and kind attention of President Mon- 
roe. Past scenes crowded on his recollection, and 
when, under the impulse of the moment, he laid his 
hands on the traces of their wounds ; these venerable 
patriots realized that their country blessed them, while 
her Chief gratefully noticed the scars which bore hon- 
ourable testimony to their valour, and their sufferings 
in her defence. 

After inspecting the Fort, and its very commanding 
site, the President was received by the military and 
citizens, who were paraded at the gate, and waiting with 
great order and decorum. He was then escorted in the 
same order as before, to the house of Capt. Elijah Bal- 
ly, where refreshments were prepared. 

The Steam Boat Fulton, Capt. Law, having been 
politely offered, lay waiting at a short distance from the 
wharf. The President being respectfully saluted, went 



130 president's tour, 

on board the Fulton,and proceeded up tbe river Thames^ 
about six miles, which afforded an opportunity for ex- 
amining this important river, with its numerous and va- 
luable accommodations for a navy. He returned to 
this city about 2 o'clock, P. M." 

The President lodged at New-London upon the night 
of the 25th. The next morning, at an early hour, he 
entered the well known Enterprise sloop of war, and, 
accompanied by other United States vessels, passed 
Fort Trumbull, which fired the customary salute, and 
proceeded to Gardiner's Bay. He here surveyed the 
commodious bay where an English squadron under Sir 
Thomas M. Hardy, the favourite* of Lord Nelson, for a 
long time blockaded an American squadron that had 
become familiar with victory. 

The town of New-London, the key to Connecticut, 
has suffered from the operations of war ever since Con- 
necticut was settled. In the early stages of the settle- 
ment of the State, it was the seat of savage warfare. In 
the revolutionary war, it suffered not so much by a for- 
eign foe, as by a native traitor, born in its neighbour- 
hood. The name of Benedict Arnold, is the first term 
of execration, that its tender infants lisp from their in- 
nocent lips. Our excellent President remarks, in his In- 
augural Speech — " J add, with peculiar satisfaction, 
that there has been no example of a capital punishment 
being inflicted on any cue for the crime of high treason." 

Had Arnold been recovered from the British army, 
after having betrayed his native country, the President 

* After Lord Nelson had lost an arm in battle, he was accompa- 
aied by Hardy to an interview with the Lords of Admiralty. Lord 
lamented the loss of his right arm. Nelson, turning to Har- 
dy, said, " Here is my right arm." 



president's tour. 13* 

could not have said this. Arnold must have died a8 a 
traitor, and Andre, the accomplished, the generous, and 
courageous Andre, would have escaped an ignominious 
death. 

It may not he deemed a digression when describing 
the city of New London, to allude to Arnold, who par- 
tially destroyed it in the revolutionary war. He was 
bora in the county of New-London, Connecticut. In 
the early stages of the revolutionary war, he was rais- 
ed to the rank of Colonel. He was entrusted with 
daring and difficult expeditions, and his success exceed- 
ed the expectations excited by his previous character 
for prudent courage. But avarice, the gangrene of the 
human mind, was his ruling passion. He converted 
the power entrusted to him to aid the cause of his en- 
dangered country, into an instrument to augment his 
own wealth. His companions in arms complained loud- 
ly of his penurious injustice Congress regarded their 
complaints, and Washington admonished him for his 
abuses. But gentle reproof was lost upon his sordid 
heart. Instead of producing that reformation which 
deserved reproof, always effects in a generous bosom, 
it only tended to arouse the revengeful spirit of disap- 
pointed avarice. He knew full well, that Britain, with 
all her boasted prowess, had sometimes conquered by 
her gold. His attachment to that was more devoted 
than that he owed to the land of his nativity, and he 
sold himself, and betrayed his country, for thirty thou- 
sand pounds sterling. But that watchful Providence 
that succours the just, and defeats the machinations of 
the wicked, thwarted his diabolical intentions. West 
Point was preserved ; Arnold fled his country ; left 



132 president's tour. 

the generous and noble Andre to die ; and although the 
enemy wished to enjoy the fruits of the treason, they 
always detested the traitor. Hated by his new friends, 
and detested by his own countrymen, he became the 
spoiled child of desperation. With a clan of modern 
Vandals, he entered the town where he had once en- 
joyed the sweets of hospitality, and subjected it to con- 
flagration. He entered Fort Griswold, with the feroci- 
ty of a daemon, almost depopulated a whole town, and 
put to death the valiant Ledyard with his own sword, 
after compelling him to surrender it. 

" Is there not some hidden curse, some chosen 
" Thunder, red with uncommon wrath, 
" To blast the wretch who owes his greatness 
lt To his country's ruin." 

The city of New London is situated upon the west 
side of the river Thames at its mouth. It has one of 
the finest harbours in America, and may almost bid de- 
nance to a naval enemy, as was clearly demonstrated 
in the last war. A British fleet, for nearly two years, 
commanded by Hardy and Hotham, were compelled to 
lay at a respectful distance, and see one of their finest 
frigates captured by Decatur, proudly hoisting the 
" star spangled banner" in their presence. The pnpu- 
Sation of New London in 1810, was 3300- 

The President left Gardiner's Bay on the morning of 
the 27th, and proceeded to Stonington. I am indebted 
to the politeness of George Hubbard, Esq. for an ac- 
count of the President's reception in this patriotic lit- 
tle town. 

" The Tour of our beloved Chief Magistrate was 
a subject of universal attention among all our citizens 






PRBSJDENT'S TOUU. 133 

On the 27th, at 3 o'clock, P. M. the President arrived 
in the harbour at the east end of Fishers' Island Sound, 
in the Revenue Cutter Active, Capt. Cahoon, accom- 
panied by the sloop of war Enterprize, the Newport, 
and New Haven Revenue Cutters, attended by his 
suite, Com. Bainbridge, Gen. Miller, and other distin- 
guished naval and military gentlemen. The Cutter 
came to anchor about half past three o'clock. A Com- 
mittee, appointed for that purpose by the Warden and 
Burgesses, consisting of Messrs. Enoch Burrows, Paul 
Babcock, and George Hubbard, immediately repaired 
on board, and waited upon the Chief Magistrate of the 
nation ; and, in fifteen minutes after, the Committee, in 
a boat from the shore, preceding the barge of the Pre- 
sident, with his suite, Gen. Swift and Mr. Mason* and 
attended by Com. Bainbridge and Gen. Miller, under a 
national salute from the Cutter, landed. The Commit- 
tee first landing and receiving the President with con- 
gratulations. 

He was then waited upon by the Committee and 
Col. Randal, followed by his suite, through a double 
row of citizens, uncovered, he being also uncovered, 
to his lodgings, at Capt. Thomas Swans. A salute was 
tired from the shore as a demonstration of joy, from 
the same eighteen pounder, which, on the ever memo- 
rable 9th day of August, 1814, sent terror and dismay 
amongst Sir Thomas M. Hardy's squadron. 

A very large and respectable concourse of citizens, 
from this and the adjoining towns, uttered their sponta- 
neous welcome by three hearty cheers, which was re- 
ciprocated by the President showing himself at the door 
and bowing. 

M 



134 i-aesident's tour. 

Soon after his arrival, the Warden and Burgesses 
being assembled for the purpose, waited upon the man 
whom the people delight to honour. 

The President then received the congratulations of 
a large number of distinguished citizens, several volun- 
teers who were present at the bombardment in the late 
war, and he particularly noticed Mr. John Minor of this 
town, who was rendered blind in the contest referred to, 
nearly two years. 

After which he visited the battery, or redoubt on 
which the guns were planted in the bombardment in 
1814 ; and which is now converted to husbandry and 
horticulture. Ke also visited the U. S. Arsenal. 

A circumstance peculiarly interesting, and which at- 
tracted the attention of the President, at the Arsenal, 
will not soon be forgotten. Mr. Edward Horton, a 
Volunteer in Fort Griswold at the time of its capture 
in 1780, was presented, clad in the vest worn at that 
lime, perforated with several ball holes in the region 
of the heart, which was laid bare ; the President paid 
particular and marked attention, and examined his hon- 
ourable scars ; and observed to him " it was a wonder- 
ful providential kindness that he was restored to health." 
He also paid marked attention to Mr. Daniel Horton 
brother of Edward, who at the same time and place, re- 
ceived twenty three wounds to the bone. 

One of those ponderous engines of conflagration and 
death, usually called carcasses, sent amongst the in- 
habitants of Stonington, and which holds a conspicuous 
place in the principal street in the Borough, handsome- 
ly painted with the following inscription ; — " Bomb Ship 
Terror, weight 215 pounds, without effect, August, 9, 



president's tour. 135- 

1814,' 5 was minutely examined by Mr. Monroe and 
suite. In the evening the President received the visits 
of a number of citizens." 

The town of Stonington forms the south-east corner 
town in the State, and is situated upon Long Island 
Sound. The compact part of it is incorporated into a 
Borough ; and is inhabited by a people of great enter- 
prize. The unparalleled courage and cool resolution 
with which it was defended in the last war, will be a 
theme of patriotic exultation, as long as its rocky foun- 
dation shall remain unmoved, and as long as patriotic 
valour shall find admirers. Although the Stonington 
band of twenty did not, like the Spartan band of three 
hundred, fall victims to their courage, yet it was no less 
conspicuous than theirs ; and the point at Stonington, 
like the Defile at Thermopylae, will forever be celebra 
ted by the historian. The President must have reflect- 
ed, with all the pleasure of delight, that so long as the 
Republic had such defenders, it was safe. 

Upon the morning of the 28th, he entered the Enter 
prize under a national salute, and, by a propitious breeze 
was wafted in this favourite vessel, (that has compelled 
a Barbarian corsair and an English sloop of war, to 
strike their flags) to the island of Rhode Island. 

The prescribed limits of this work forbids me the 
gratification and the grief of giving a minute geographi- 
cal and historical account of this, which, in the estima- 
tion of American and European travellers, is the most 
beautiful island attached to the continent of America, 
It is situated near the mouth of Providence river, and 
is approached from the north by Bristol Ferry — from 
the south-west over Narraganset Bay. Upon entering 



156" president's tocr. 

upon the island from the Ferry, the traveller begins 
gradually to ascend. When he has reached the highest 
part of it, admiration compels him to stop and survey, 
with his eye, the surrounding; scenery. Upon the west, 
he beholds a noble stream uniting with the ocean, and 
vessels of the heaviest burthen ascending it to the flour- 
ishing town of Providence, thirty miles above. To the 
north, he catches a distant view of the delightful towns 
©f Bristol and Warren. To the east and the south, he 
beholds the majestic waves of the Atlantic, washing the 
shores of this delightful island. Could he gaze with the 
poetic eye and fervent imagination of a Moore, be 
could, with him, exclaim, 

" O ! nature, how blessM and bright are thy rays, 
" O'er the face of creation enchantingly thrown." 

In the midst of these raptures he would pause. He 
would reflect that the river and the ocean that sur- 
rounds this island, the boasted land of freedom, has long 
borne upon their bosoms the unoffending natives of the 
continent of Africa. Much of the wealth that has ena- 
bled its inhabitants to increase the charms of nature by 
the magnificent structures of art, has been acquired by 
the detestable traffic in human flesh. While the moral 
spectator is surveying the highly cultivated fields of this 
enchanting island, and upen the banks of this noble ri- 
ver, he will think of Aceldema, the field of blood : and 
remember that the fertile fields of the South would now 
be cultivated by American freemen instead of African 
slaves, had it not been for the reprehensible and avari- 
cious enterprise of the slave merchants of the North- 

I hope to be excused for expressing my feelin, up- 
on the subject of slavery, and for introducing the fol- 
io wing paragraph from Robbini Journal, pages 132, 133. 



\ 

PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 13 



" it is upin this coast (Guinea) that the Slave Trade, 
has so long, to the indelible disgrace of the Christian 
world been prosecuted. The inhabitants are describ- 
ed, by all historians, as mild and peaceable. Possess- 
ing a country of great fertility ; having no means of 
making conquests, or extending dominion, they remain 
where nature has placed them, unmoved by the sordid 
demands of avarice, or the more splendid and guilty 
calls of ambition. The different tribes or kingdoms, 
sometimes make war upon each other ; but they are 
urged on to warfare by European and American mer- 
chants, to capture each other to furnish slave ships with 
their cargoes. With a few paltry toys, calculated to 
catch the fancy of untutored barbarians, they induce 
the natives to prey upon each other, and exchange 
their countrymen for baubles. After doing this, a Chris- 
tian merchant excuses himself by saying the Africans 
enslave each other ! This reasoning may be conclusive 
before a tribunal of slave merchants assembled in a 
princely mansion, that owes its splendour to human 
blood ; but all the courts of Europe have very recent- 
ly* hy common consent, united to wipe the foul stain 
from the character of their respective nations, impress- 
ed upon them by this inhuman, detestable, and diaboli- 
cal traffic. The Constitution of the United States is the 
iirst one that absolutely prohibited it." 

As the ancient statesmen of our Republic prohibited 
this traffic, so its modern ones, with a benevolence tru~ 
}y sublime, are endeavouring to restore wretched Afri- 
cans to their native country, by the measures of the 
¥ Colonization Society." Its officers are, 

M2 



133 president's tour* 

President. 
Hon. Bushrod Washington. 

Vice Presidents. 

Hon. William H. Crawford, of Georgia. 
Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 
Hon. William Phillips, of Massachusetts 
Col. Henry Rutgers, of New-York. 



and. 



Hon. John E. Howard, } 

Hon. Samuel Smith, > of Maryl 

Hon. JohnC. Herbert, ) 

John Taylor, Esq. of Virginia. 

Gen. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee. 

Robert Ralston, Esq. } PX> „„i„»«:„ 
„. . , D , V> } of Pennsylvania. 

Richard Rush, Esq. } J 

Gen. John Mason, District of Columbia. 

Samuel Bayard, Esq. New- Jersey. 

Managers. 

Francis S. Key, Walter Jones, John Laird, Rev. Dr, 
James Laurie, Rev. Stephen B. Balch, Rev. Obed B. 
Brown, Benj. G. Orr, John Peter, Edmund J. Lee ? 
Wqi. Thornton, Wm. H. Fitzhugh, Henry Carroll. 

F. B. Caldwell, Esq. Secretary. 

John G. M'Donamb, Recording Secretary. 

David English, Treasurer. 

The President left the Enterprize. and, by a Reve- 
nue Cutter was landed at Newport, upon Rhode-Island, 
en the 28th. 

" On his arrival in the harbour, salutes were tired 
from Forts Wolcott and Adams, the bells were rung and 
colours displayed on the shipping, and in various parts 
©f the town ; and on his leaving the Revenue Cutter, 
salutes were fired from the Artillery, on Gardiner's 
wharf, and from the Cutter. 



president's tour. 139 

On his landing, the President, introduced by Com. 
O. H. Perry, was received by the Committee of the 
town, and by a great number of naval and military offi- 
cers, and by them conducted to his house, under a mi- 
litary escort, commanded by Lieut. Col. Tower, con- 
sisting of the Artillery Company of the town of New- 
port, and the first and third Companies of militia, com- 
manded by Captains Shaw and Place ; followed by a 
procession of civil and military officers, citizens, anc 
strangers. 

In the course of the day, the President visited and 
inspected the garrisons of Forts Wolcott and Adams, 
with the order and neatness of which, he expressed 
himself highly gratified. He also made an excursion 
to Tomini Hill, a very commanding height in the vicin- 
ity of that town. 

His Excellency Gov. Knight arrived in town from 
Providence, at 12 o'clock, on Saturday, in the Steam- 
Boat, and in the same afternoon waited upon, and was 
introduced to the President. 

On Sunday, the President attended divine service in 
the morning, at Trinity Church ; in the afternoon, at 
the Rev. Dr. Patten's meeting-hous«, and in the even- 
ing at the Rev. Mr. Elton's meeting-house. On Mon- 
day morning he received the visits of a great number 
©four citizens ; and at 11 o'clock proceeded in a car- 
riage, accompanied by the Committee of Arrangements, 
Governour Knight, Com. O. H. Perry, and several 
other gentlemen, to view the several heights on this 
Island, the Stone Bridge, and the heights at Tiverton, 



< 



140 PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

The President, during his stay here, visited the Hon. 
William Ellery, one of the four surviving patriots of 
the Revolution, who signed the Declaration of Indepen 
dence. 

The following Address was presented to the Presi- 
dent of the United States, by the Committee of the 
town ; to which the President returned a very appro- 
priate extemporaneous answer. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The Committee of the town of Newport come 
to express the satisfaction felt by them and their fel- 
low-citizens, at your arrival here in the progress of 
your Tour to survey the condition of your country in 
relation to its military and naval defence. 

Our means are adequate, and a state of peace is pro- 
pitious to the attainment of the important object you 
have in view. 

In manifesting so deep an interest in this great na- 
tional concern, you enter auspiciously upon the high 
duties which have devolved upon you, as Chief Magis- 
trate of the nation. 

In viewing the general state of our country, we trust, 
vou have had, and will continue to have, occasions to 
observe the beneficial effects of our free form of go- 
vernment, on the various interests and general happi- 
ness of your fellow citizens ; and that this view will 
add new force to your love of country, and new incen- 
tives to the exertion of your talents, t© extend the in- 
fluence of the national councils, in advancing the na- 
tional prosperity. 

Newport is situated upon the southeast part of the 
island of Rhode-Island, from which the state derives 
its name. It is the capital of the state. This island 
and town has been the theatre of interesting events. 
It was here the French army, under Count Rocham 



president's tour. 141 

Wau ; and the French fleet, under Count De Estaing, 
landed in the revolutionary war to assist our country- 
men in conquering the enemy, whom our ancestors 
had before learned to conquer single handed and unas- 
sisted. It was here, that the enemy having the same 
common origin with Americans, laid aside the magnan- 
imous character of Saxons, and assumed that of Vandals, 
leaving their dismal tracks of desolation, over every 
part of this beautiful island. We no longer need the 
assistance of the former, and may bid defiance to the 
prowess of the latter. 

Newport has an excellent harbour, contains a State 
House, eight edifices of public worship, and nearly 
7000 inhabitants. The flattering reception given the 
President at Newport, was a presage of the distinguish- 
ed respect he was to witness at Providence. Govern- 
or Knight, like Governour Clinton, of New York, 
and Governour Wolcott, of Connecticut, voluntarily 
tendered to the President his personal respects as the 
Chief Magistrate of Rhode Island. The civil and mi- 
litary authorities vied with each otherin their manifes- 
tations of cordial attachment and sincere respect. I 
must omit particulars, to give place to a brief sketch of 
the origin of the settlement of this interesting town 
and state. He arrived in this place upon the 30th day 
of June. 

The subsequent Address to the President of the 
United States, was presented to him by the Hon. Mr. 
Burrill, immediately on his arrival at his lodgings in 
Providence. 



142 PRESIDENT^ TOUR* 

TO THE PRESIDENT OP THE UNITED STATES, 

Sir — The Citizens of Providence beg leave to offer 
to you their sincere and cordial congratulations upon 
your arrival in this town. With the most sensible 
pleasure, they again see amongst them the first Magis- 
trate of the Union, under a Constitution, the adoption 
of which they so earnestly desired, to which they are 
so much attached, and from the operation of which they 
have derived so many advantages ; and have the honour 
of presenting their respectful address to yon within 
their own municipal jurisdiction, as they have before 
had the satisfaction of doing to two of your illustrious 
predecessors. 

The time and circumstances of your visit to this part 
of the United States, are such as to excite in every 
mind the most gratifying and patriotic sentiments. A 
great and free people in the full enjoyment of peace 
and good government, unanimously bestowing upon 
their Chief Magistrate in his progress through the coun- 
try, the unsought and spontaneous expessions of their 
good will and confidence, offers unequivocal evidence 
of general happiness and freedom, and is a spectacle 
which no country in the world, except our own, can 
now exhibit. 

The history of the United States affords the most 
consoling assurances that the attachment of the people 
to the principles of Liberty and to the blessings of a 
tranquil and well ordered government, founded upon 
the will and choice of the majority, arises from ration- 
al conviction and experience, and rests upon the solid 
foundation of early and general education, and good 
moral habits. 

The proofs which you every where receive of the 
respect and confidence of the people, and of their re- 
verence for our republican institutions, must be to your 
own mind a source of the highest satisfaction, and a 
rich reward for all your arduous labours in the public 
service. May you long continue to receive these re- 
wards, so grateful to your heart, and so honourable to 
your character, and to witness the increasing prosper^ , 



president's tour. 143 

ty of the Republic, to whose service, in the field and in 
the Cabinet, both your youth and your mature age have 
been so faithfully, and so successfully devoted. 

We have the honour to be with the highest respect, 
in behalf of the citizens of the town of Providence, your 
most obedient and humble servants. 
Signed by the Committee. 

The President's Answer. 

Gentlemen : 

I receive with great satisfaction the address which 
the citizens of Providence, through their Committee, 
have been pleased to communicate tome. The pleas- 
ure of my journey has been greatly enhanced by the 
uniform kindness and promptitude with which the ob- 
jects of my visit have been seconded by my fellow citi- 
zens. Every where in our country the reflecting mind 
cannot fail to observe the blessings ©f a free govern- 
ment.. Living under a Constitution which secures 
equal, civil, religious and political rights to all, it is a 
great consolation in administering it, that the people 
have formed so just an estimate of its value, and from 
rational conviction and not from blind prejudices, are 
sincerely devoted to its preservation. 

I hope that this just confidence in the stability of our 
government may continue to increase ; and if it does, it 
cannot fail to produce the happiest effects by encoura- 
ging a love of our country, and an honest zeal to pro- 
mote its best and permanent interests. Happy shall I 
be, if my exertions in the public service shall be so far 
successful, that they may assist the industry and enter- 
prize of my fellow citizens, in increasing the genera! 
prosperity. 

JAMES MONROE. 

To the Committee of the Town of Providence. 

Providence is situated at the head of ship navigation, 
upon Providence river, which divides the town into 
two sections, being connected together by abridge. It 



144 president's tour. 

owes its settlement to the same cause which drew the 
ancient Puritans from their native land to New England 
— religious intolerance. " The first planters of New- 
England," could not endure the " act of uniformity" in 
their own country, and fled here to enjoy civil and re- 
ligious liberty. '• The act of uniformity (says the most 
modern eulogist of the Puritans) rigorously enforced, 
was the fatal rock upon which the English Church foun- 
dered."* But no sooner had the Puritans began to ex- 
ercise ecclesiastical dominion themselves, than they 
claimed a submissive acquiescence in their own reli- 
gious creed. Roger Williams, an eminent minister 
in Salem, " being unwilling to renounce or conceal the 
sentiments which he entertained "] but, like an independ- 
ent Christian, determining to form his own belief upon 
divine revelation, untrammelled from the mysterious, 
and inexplicable systems formed by human creatures as 
imperfect as himself, he was banished from the colony 
of Massachusetts by its government, in 1635. He is ad- 
mittedly the work referred to, to have been " a man 
of considerable ability and learning, active and diligent 
inhis pur suits, humane and benevolent in his character." 
But he was a non-conformist ! 

That the English government should have transport- 
ed Muir and Palmer to Botany Bay for reading " The 
Rights of Man " disseminating its exalted principles in 
that country, and wishing to see man emancipated from 
bondage, is not surprising. But that the government 
of a commonwealth, expressly founded upon the two 
great pillars of civil liberty, and religious freedom 

* Hist. " First Planters of New-England," page 24. 
t Ibid, page 96 



PRESIDENT'S TOfcR, Hj 

should drive from its bosom an unoffending citizen, who 
could not, conscientiously, conform to the canonical in- 
stitutes of that day, excites the astonishment of a reader 
in the nineteenth century. Mrs. Hutchinson had been 
banished also from the mother colony for " errors" ©f 
opinion only. The eminent William Coddington, who 
adopted her opinions, left the colony ; and, with the aid 
of the benevolent Williams, settled Rhode-Island, which 
being connected with Providence plantations, formed a 
new colony, and obtained a charter in 1643. The State 
ttf Rhode-Island, in the revolutionary contest, was with- 
out a rival in patriotism. 

Roger Williams, having experienced but little of the 
tender mercies of men, in gratitude to Heaven, named 
this place Providence. In a commercial point of view, 
it exceeds any interior town in New-England. The 
trade to the East Indies has been prosecuted by the cit- 
izens of this place to an extent truly surprising. Brown's 
University in this town maintains a respectable rank 
with the seminaries of New-England. The cotton man- 
ufactories here, were the first of any consequence es- 
tablished in the Eastern States, and are still prosecuted 
with great vigour. Population in 1810, 10,000. The 
President left this place upon the first of July, and pro- 
ceeded towards Boston. 

The Legislature of Massachusetts, thinking it impro- 
per that the Chief Magistrate of the Union should 
owe the flattering reception he was sure to meet with 
in this ancient commonwealth, to republican munifi- 
cence, and individual hospitality, passed a resolution 
directing the proper authorities to escort the President 

N 



i 4b president's TOUfc. 

through the State, and to draw upon the Treasury for a 
reimbursement of the expense. He entered the State, 
and was conducted to Boston in the following manner : 

" The President, on his arrival at the lines of the 
State, was received by Colonel Sumner, Aid-de-Camp 
tor his Excellency the Governour, who, by his com- 
mand, bid the President welcome to Massachusetts, 
requested him to accept of the escort which the Govern- 
our had ordered for him through the State, and offered 
his services as an attendant on the President on his 
way to the Capital, which was accepted, and the atten- 
tion of the Governour acknowledged by the President 
with the greatest urbanity. After this ceremony, the 
President reviewed a body of the militia, under the 
command of Brigadier General Lincoln, of the fifth 
division, consisting of a detachment of Cavalry of fifty- 
eight rank and file, under the command of Capt. Hunt, 
of Seekonk ; Captain Walker's company of Artillery, 
from Norton, a company of Light Infantry, from Eas- 
ton, under the command of Lieut. Alger, a company 
of Light Infantry, from Rehoboth, under command of 
Capt. Carpenter, and a Rifle Company from Attlebor- 
ough, under command of Capt. Daggett, forming a bat- 
talion under command of Col. Leach of Easton ; af- 
ter receiving the marching and standing salutes, the offi- 
cers and many of the citizens ofthe neighbourhood were 
introduced to the President, who then visited the ex- 
tensive Cotton Factory, under the agency of Timothy 
Green. Capt. Hunt's cavalry then escorted the Presi- 
dent, preceded by the Marshal ofthe District, to Col. 
Hatch's in Attleborough, through the fifth Division. 
Following the President, were a number of citizens of 



president's tour. 147 

the town of Seekonk and Attleborough on horseback. 
Captain Hunt's Cavalry opened to the right and left, and 
the President, after passing through them, alighted, and 
received the respects of a number of attending citizens, 
gentlemen of that town. In a few moments after the 
President, having received the salutations of Major 
General Crane, and Brigadier General Guild, of the 
second brigade, first division, was escorted through 
General Guild's brigade by a battalion of Cavalry, com- 
manded by Maj. Pond. At Wrentham, he reviewed the 
;hird regiment of infantry of the second brigade, com? 
manded by Col. Gowen, partook of a collation, provided 
in a style of village simplicity by the Selectmen of that 
town. At Walpole, he halted a few moments at Clapp's 
Inn, where a number of citizens of the neighbourhood 
were introduced to him ; and then continued his route 
to Dedham, where he arrived at 7 o'clock, P. M- His 
arrival was announced by a national salute from the 
battalion of Artillery, commanded by Maj. Holbrook. 
He then reviewed the regiment of Infantry, under the 
command of Col. Fisher ; a battalion of Artillery, com- 
manded by Major Holbrook, and the Cavalry, com- 
manded by Major Pond ; and took up his quarters for 
the night, at the elegant mansion of Mr. Dowse, where 
a committee from the town of Salem, Major General 
Dearborn, and a great number of other gentlemen,, 
paid their respects to him. It is but justice to the 
troops reviewed, to say that their conduct was not only 
military, but highly exemplary. 

In the morning, the President proceeded on foot to 
Mr. Polly's Inn, where a number of the citizens of the 
town and country, the officers of the Army and Navy, 



M8 president's TO¥R. 

and about 150 of the officers of the first division, were 
introduced to him. Escorted by a battalion of Cavalry, 
ynder the sommand of Major Hollis, from Gen. Dear- 
born's brigade, the President, and Com. Bambridge, 
Gen. Miller, Mr. Mason, his Secretary, and Col. Sum- 
ner, his Staff, (designated by him for the occasion,) fol- 
lowed by his suite consisting of the officers of the Army 
and Navy of the United States, followed by Major Gen- 
eral Crane, and the officers of the first division, and a 
number of the citizens of Norfolk county, on horseback, 
proceeded to Roxbury, where he reviewed a regiment 
of infantry, commanded by Col. Dudley, and a battalion 
of artillery, commanded by Maj. Gale ; from thence he 
proceeded to the Boston lines, passing through the 
Guard, consisting of Capt. Turner's Light Infantry 
company from Quincy." 

In this splendid manner was the President escorted 
from the southern boundary of Massachusetts to its 
capital, receiving that respect which it had been enjoin- 
ed upon the official authorities to manifest by a legisla- 
tive decree. 

He had before passed through a part of the States of 
Maryland, Pennsylvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Con- 
necticut, and Rhode-Island. He had visited their cap- 
itals, and those parts of them most exposed to the in- 
cursions of an enemy from the ocean, in order to enable 
bim to determine upon the best mode of defendingthem. 

He had every where witnessed unequivocal indica- 
tions of the attachment and respect of a patriotic peo- 
ple ; and this respect must have been highly grateful 
to his feelings, when he knew that it was voluntary. 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 14? 

When he entered the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
he was respected by command of The Supreme power of 
the State. It would be, perhaps, too fastidious to enquire 
why the legislature of a State, that had more decidedly 
opposed the measures of the President than any other 
in the Union, should be the only one to command the 
people to respect him. It is enough to say, he mas thus 
respected ; and that no human heart can remain un- 
moved, when an antagonist offers the hand of reconcil- 
iation. It is at such a time, that the divine maxim— 
" to err is human, to forgive divine" is called into prac- 
tice. Should it be asked why the treasures of the State, 
collected from every district in it, should be expended 
for the gratification of a few ? It may also be asked, 
would any citizen of the State, withhold his mite to re- 
ceive the Chief Dignitary of the greatest Republic, 
and perhaps the only one on earth, in a manner suita- 
ble to his exalted station. 

The manner of his reception in the town of Boston 
is thus described by one of its own editors. 

" A few minutes past 12 o'clock, the President reach- 
ed the southern barrier of the town, and was met by 
the Committee of Arrangements, when the Hon. Mr. 
Otis, from the Committee, addressed him as follows :-— 

Sir — You are now arrived within the limits of Bos- 
ton, and these gentlemen are a Committee appointed 
to welcome your approach, and to escort you to your 
lodgings. Upon your arrival there, they will avail 
themselves of your permission, to express to you, in a 
more formal and respectful mode, than can be done 
here, the assurances of the unfeigned sttisfiction w'.ich 
the ci'izens of Boston realize in the honour you nave. 
been pleased to confer upon themby this visit, 

N 2 



150 PRESIDENT^ TOURc 

A procession was then immediately formed, and 
the illustrious visitant escorted to the Exchange Cof- 
fee House. 

The procession proceeded through Washington 
Street, and Orange street to Bovlston market ; thence 
through Boylston street, to an opening in the Com- 
mon, between the Mall and Gun-House ; through lines, 
formed by the scholars of the different schools, in Bos- 
ton, attended bv their several instructors ; northward' 
ly over the Common, toward the State House, to a 
point opposite the west end of Winter street ; thence 
across the Mall, through Winter street, Marlborough 
Street, and Ccrnhill ; north side of the old State House, 
and State street, and by the east side of Broad street, 
as far as Milk street ; thence by the west side of Broad 
street, to State street, and by the south side of State 
street, to the head of Congress street, where the Pre- 
sident left the procession, with the Committee of Ar- 
rangements, who were received by the Independent 
Company of Cadetts, under Lieut. Col. Rogers, with 
the customary salutes, and conducted to the rooms in 
the Exchange Coffee House, which had been provided 
for the President's reception. 

During the march of the cavalcade, salutes were 
fired from Dorchester Heights, from the Common, 
Fort Independence, Navy Yard, and 74 gun ship. On 
passing through State-street, which was fancifully de- 
corated with flags of the United States, a band ef mu- 
sic placed in the balcony, fronting the Union Bank, 
saluted the President, as he passed, with a number of 
appropriate and patriotic airs. 



! 



PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 151 

The numerous merchant vessels in our harbour, ho 
noured the occasion by a display of their flags. 

A finer day could not have intervened to add brillian- 
cy and eclat to the interesting scene. 

The crowd of spectators in the streets through 
which the procession passed, and more particularly on 
the Common, was much greater than has been witness- 
ed in this place, since the visit of the sainted Wash- 
ington. Notwithstanding this circumstance, the utmost 
decorum prevailed ; and the procession was conducted 
throughout, with an order, precision, and regularity, 
that peculiarly marked the intelligence by which it was 
directed. On entering the Common, and passing thro' 
the lines, skirted and adorned by the youths of Boston, 
the pride and hope of their sires, and of the State, the 
scene became affectingly interesting, and was parti- 
cipated in, by a more numerous concourse of people, 
than we ever recollect to have seen on that green and 
picturesque area. The houses, situated adjacent to 
the line of march, were filled to repletion. 

Shortly after the arrival of the President, at his 
rooms in the Exchange, he accompanied the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements to the second gallery of that 
magnificent builcfing, where Mr. Bulfinch, the Chair- 
man of that Committee, read to him an Address, in be- 
half of the citizens of Boston, congratulating him on 
his arrival within the metropolis of Massachusetts ; to 
which the President made an immediate reply. A 
large concourse of ladies and gentlemen, filling the 1st, 
3d, and 4th galleries, as well as the area. Col. Aus- 
tin, on the President retiring, gratified the audience by 



\b c i president's tour. 

a second reading; of the address and answer, which 
were received by repeated bursts of acclamation. 

At 5 o'clock the President sat down to dinner with a 
number of his guests, among which were the Commit- 
tee of the town, the late President Adams, Governour 
Brooks, Lieut. Gov. Phillips, Maj. Gen. Dearborn, 
Commodores Bainbridge and Perry, Capt. Hull, Gen. 
Miller, President of Harvard University, the Judges 
of the United States and State Courts, Members of the 
Executive Council, Marshal of the District, and Sher- 
iff of the County, President of the Senate, and Speak- 
er of the House of Representatives, several of the 
Rev. Clergy, and civil officers of the United States, 
and many of the civil and military officers of the State, 
and others, whose names we have not ascertained." 

The following i? the Address delivered to the Pres- 
ident. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATE?. 

Sir — The citizens of Boston, by their Committee, 
appointed for the purpose, beg leave to offer to you 
their cordial and respectful salutations, upon your ar- 
rival in this metropolis. 

The visit with which you are pleased to honour 
them, recalls to the recollection of many, their inter- 
view with your illustrious predecessor, the Father of 
his Country, on a similar occasion. They remember 
with great satisfaction, the hope, the confidence, and 
the fond anticipation of national prosperity, which 
his presence inspired ; and it is now, Sir, a subject of 
congratulation to you, and to themselves, that after 
thirty y^ars of eventful experiment, during conflicts 
and revolutions in the old world, which have threat- 



president's tour. 153 

ened all, and subverted many of its ancient govern- 
ments, the Constitution, which was adopted under the 
auspices of that great man. has acquired vigour and 
maturity, and that in a season of profound peace, his 
successor is permitted, by the prosperous state of pub- 
lic aifairs, to follow his example, in visiting the exten- 
sive country over which he has recently been called to 

preside. 

While this journey affords to many of your fellow 
citizens, the opportunity and advantage of commenc- 
ing with vou a personal acquaintance, which is alway§ 
desirable* between a people and their rulers, they re- 
joice at the same time in the belief, that the local in- 
formation, relative to the great and various interests 
of the United States, which you will derive from actual 
observation, will facilitate your arrangements for their 
defence and security ; and enable you to apply in prac- 
tice, with additional confidence and success those prin- 
ciples of an elevated and impartial policy, which you 
have been pleased to promulgate, as the basis of your 
intended administration. 

Called to the service of your country at an early 
period of life, and distinguished in the arduous struggle 
which obtained^its indeperldeuce, your subsequent oc- 
cupations, in successive important offices, and various 
departments, at home and abroad, have afforded you 
the means of becoming conversant with the foreign and 
domestic relations of the nation ; and with these quali- 
fications, you are now raised to the highest dignity, which 
can be conferred by a free people. 

These public claims to consideration and attention, 
from all descriptions of your fellow citizens, are cheer- 
fully admitted by the citizens of Boston ; who are also 
desirous of evincing their respect for the unblemished 
tenor of your private character, and their sense of the 
urbanity and hospitality, which peculiarly characterized 
your deportment toward all those of your countrymen, 
who, during the period of your foreign embassies, were 
so fortunate as to come within the sphere of your civil- 
ities and protection. 

It is, therefore, with real satisfaction, that they re- 



154 PRESIDENT S TOUR. 

ceive you within the precincts of Boston ; and they 
pray you to be assured of their earnest solicitude, to 
contribute by all the means at their command, to your 
comfort and enjoyment, during your residence in this 
town. 

They, also, confiding in the rectitude of your inten- 
tions, and trusting that the powers vested in you by the 
Constitution, will be exercised with a sincere regard to 
the welfare of the people, whose precious interests 
are committed to your charge, avail themselves of this 
occasion, to express their ardent hope, that the favour- 
able circumstances which attend the commencement of 
your administration, may, with the blessing of Heaven, 
under your guidance, concur to promote the advance- 
ment of our beloved country, to the highest possible 
condition of prosperity. 

With these sentiments, they unite their best wishes 
for your health and happiness ; and that the course and 
close of your administration, may entitle you to the 
gratitude and affeotion of your constituents, and tlu*. 
respect of posterity. 

By order of the Committee. 

CHARLES BULFINCH, Chairman. 



To which the President was pleased to make the following 

Reply. 

Fellow-Citizens ; 

The kind reception w v u<*h you have given me, ou 
the part of the citizens of Boston, and which their con- 
duct has so fully confirmed, has made a deep and last- 
ing impression on my mind, which you will have the 
goodness to communicate to them. 

As no person is more willing than I am, in the dis- 
charge of my duty, according to the fair exercise of my 
judgment, to take example from the conduct of the dis- 
tinguished men who have preceded me in this high 
trust, it is particularly gratifying to me, to have recall- 
ed, by this incident, to the memory of many, who are 
now present, a like visit from the illustrious commander 



president's tour. 155 

of our revolutionary army ; who, by many other im- 
portant services, had so just a claim to the revered title 
of father of his country. It was natural that the pres- 
ence of a citizen, so respected and beloved, who had 
so eminently contributed to the establishment of this 
government, and to whom its administration, in the com- 
mencement, had been committed, should inspire an en- 
lightened, a virtuous, and free people, with unlimited 
confidence in its success ; and it is a cause of general 
felicitation, and joy to us all, to find that thirty years 
successful experiment, have justified that confidence, 
and realized our most sanguine hopes in its favour 
Yes, fellow citizens, we instituted a government for the 
benefit of all ; a government which should secure to 
us the full enjoyment of all our rights, religious and 
civil ; and it has been so administered. Let us, then, 
unite in grateful acknowledgements to the Supreme 
Author of all good, for extending to us so great a bless- 
ing. Let us unite in fervent prayers, that He will be 
graciously pleased to continue that blessing to us, and 
to our latest posterity. 

I accepted the trust to which I have been called by 
my fellow citizens, with diffidence, because 1 well knew 
the frailty of human nature, and had often experienced 
my own deficiencies. I undertook this Tour, with a 
view, and in the hope, of acquiring knowledge, which 
might enable me to discharge my various and important 
duties, with greater advantage to my country, to which 
my whole mind, and unwearied efforts, shall always be 
directed. In pursuing objects so dear to us all, I rely 
with confidence on the firm and generous support of my 
fellow citizens, throughout our happy Union. 

JAMES MONROE. 



J{ The following address was presented to the Presi- 
dent, by a Committee consisting of the following gen- 
tlemen : — Henry Dearborn, Benjamin Austin, Thomas 
Melville, William Little, Russel Sturgiss, John Brazer, 
Jacob Rhoades, Esquires, and Doct. William Ingalls" 



156 president's tovii. 

to the president of the united states, 

Sir — The recent session of the Legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts being closed previously to your arrival in 
Boston, the Republican members of both branches are 
deprived of the pleasure of personally paying their res- 
pects to the President of the United States. Those 
members, therefore, who were present at the adjourn- 
ment, together with a number of their brethren in Bos- 
ton, have deputed us to offer you their congratulations 
en your arrival, and to express their high regards for 
your official and personal character. 

We are happy, sir, in having this opportunity not 
only of expressing our sincere congratulations on your 
election to the Chief Magistracy of the United States, 
by so large a majority of the Electors, but to bear this 
public testimony of our estimation of the services ren- 
dered your country, in the various stations in which 
you have heretofore officiated in Europe and America. 
These are sure pledges that the prosperity of the A- 
merican Republic will be the object of your pursuit ; 
and that, while you are desirous of allaying the asperity 
of party dissentions, you will be anxious to maintain the 
legitimate principles of the Constitution, with unabated 
ardour. 

The patriot, who has uniformly supported the honour 
of his country in its various conflicts, is ever entitled 
to the applause of his fellow citizens. Fully impressed 
with this sentiment, we gratefully acknowledge your 
unremitted exertions in vindicating our national and 
commercial claims, when the immediate calls of the 
country rendered the services of our most enlightened 
statesmen, urgent and indispensable. We anticipate 
with pleasure the blessings arising to the United States, 
from the wisdom and rectitude of your administration, 
more particularly in patronizing such institutions as will 
extend the useful branches of science and literature, 
and promote the agricultural, manufacturing, and com- 
mercial interests of your constituents. 

We wish you every blessing, both national and do- 
mestic ; and trust that your name will be recorded in 



president's tour. 157 

the Amrerican annals, with the same respectful venera- 
tion as distinguishes the characters of vour illustrious 
predecessors, Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and 
Madison. 

May you pursue your journey under the care of a 
henign Providence, happy in the reflection, that the per- 
sonal safety of the Chief Magistrate of a republican 
government, requires no other protection than what 
arises from the affections,of his fellow citizens. In be- 
half of our brethren and fellow citizens, we most cor- 
dially bid you welcome to the metropolis of Massa- 
chusetts. 



To Henry Dearborn, Benjamin Austin, Thos. Melville, 
William Little, Russel Sturgiss, John Brazer, Jacob 
Bhoades, and William Ingalls, Esquires. 

I have received, with very great satisfaction, the ve- 
ry friendly welcome which you have given me, on the 
part of some of the members of the Legislature of 
Massachusetts, and of other citizens of Boston, who 
had deputed you to offer me their congratulations on 
my arrival in this metropolis. 

Conscious of having exerted my best faculties, with 
unwearied zeal, to support the rights, and advance the 
prosperity of my fellow citizens, in the various impor- 
tant trusts with which I have been honoured by my 
country ; the approbation which you have expressed 
of my conduct is very gratifying to me. 

It has been my undeviating effort, in every situation, 
in which I have been placed, to promote, to the ut- 
most of my abilities, the success of our republican 
government. I have pursued this policy, from a tho- 
rough conviction, that the prosperity and happiness of 
the whole American people, depended on the success 
of the great experiment which they have been called 
to make. All impartial persons now bear testimony to 
the extraordinary blessings with which we Lave been 
favoured. Well satisfied I am, that these blessings are 
^o be imputed to the excellence of our government, and 

O 



lob president's tour. 

to the wisdom and purity with which it has been ad- 
ministered. 

Believing that there is not a section of our union, 
nor a citizen who is not interested in the success of our 
government, I indulge a strong hope, that they will all 
unite in future, in the measures necessary to secure 
it. For this very important change, I consider the cir- 
cumstances of the present epoch, peculiarly favour- 
able. The success and unexampled prosperity with 
which we have hitherto been blessed, must have dis- 
pelled the doubts of all who have before honestly en- 
tertained any, of the practicability of our system, and 
from these a firm and honourable co-operation may 
fairly be expected. Our union has also acquired, of 
late, much strength. The proofs which have been af- 
forded, of the great advantages communicated by it, to 
every part, and of the ruin which would inevitably and 
promptly overwhelm, even the parts most favoured, if 
it should be broken,, seem to have carried conviction 
home to the bosoms of the most unbelieving. On the 
means necessary to secure success, and to advance with 
increased rapidity, the growth and prosperity of our 
country ; there seems now to be but little, if any dif- 
ference of opinion. 

It is on these grounds, that I indulge a strong hope, 
and even entertain great confidence, that our principal 
dangers and difficulties have passed, and that the cha- 
racter of our deliberations, and the course of the go- 
vernment itself, will become more harmonious and 
happy, than it has hitherto been. 

Satisfied as I am, that the union of the whole com- 
munity, in support of our republican government, by 
all wise and proper measures, will effectually secure it 
from danger ; that \inion is an object to which I look 
with the utmost solicitude;. I consider it my duty to 
promote? it, on the principles and for the purposes stat- 
ed ; and highly gratified shall I be, if it can be obtain- 
ed In frankly avowing this motive, 1 owe it to the 
integrity of my views to state, that as the support of 
our republican government is my sole object, and in 
which I consider the whole community equally inter- 



president's tour. 159 

ested, my conduct will be invariably directed to that 
end. In seeking to accomplish so great an object, I 
shall be careful to avoid such measures as may, by any 
possibility, sacrifice it. 

JAMES MONROE. 



The President remained a number of days in the 
town of Boston and its vicinity. His object in visiting 
it, was not to excite the curiosity of its citizens, or to 
give them an opportunity of displaying the hospitality, 
for which they have always been celebrated. He went 
there as the Chief Magistrate of a great country, to 
view its location, and, with the united counsel of the 
iir^t military and naval characters, to devise the best 
means of defending a place of so much consequence to 
the Northern and Eastern States. Had the President 
wished to pass off.a season in all the blandishments of 
etiquette, and in all the ceremonious forms of modern 
high life, surely, he could not, in all his extensive na- 
tive country, have placed himself in a situation more 
favourable to the accomplishment of his wishes, than 
in Boston, and its vicinity. If there be a place in the 
world, where extensive wealth is made an instrument 
of procuring elegant enjoyment, it is there. 

But while the President, in the most courteous and 
affable manner, received and acknowledged the nu- 
merous manifestations of private hospitality, his mind 
was undeviatingly fixed upon the great object of his 
Tour ; the advancement of the public interest. During 
his residence, he visited most of the important manu- 
factories in the town, and in its neighbourhood. In the 
places at which the President, in his Tour, made any 
stay, his first attention was given to objects of national 



160 president's tour. 

defence ; but his next was devoted to the various ma* 
nufacturing establishments. On this subject he has 
expressed not only his delight, but his surprize at their 
extent and improvement. He mentioned, I am told, 
at Waltham, that a few such establishments as he there 
saw, would be sufficient to supply the United States 
with cotton fabrics. He renewed his acquaintance with 
many of his early revolutionary associates, and, at 
many private parties, witnessed that elegance and re- 
finement, which is in no way inconsistent with republi- 
can simplicity, the most striking characteristic of the 
President. 

It would be too much in the style of an English Tour- 
ist, describing the visits of a Prince, to designate every 
slendid mansion, and every brilliant party he honour- 
ed and adorned by his presence. 

" The Cincinnati of Massachusetts were presented 
to him, when Colonel Tudor, Vice President of the 
Society, (the President, Governour Brooks, being on 
other public duty) presented to him the following Ad- 
dress." 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

S IR — Whilst meeting you, as one of the most distin- 
guished brothers, permit us especially to thank you 
for furnishing an opportunity of saluting another Chief 
Magistrate of the United States taken from our ranks ; 
and to offer to you all the assurances of respect and af- 
fection, which it becomes a Society like ours to pre- 
sent, and which we pray you to accept as flowing from 
hearts, first united by the powerful sympathies of com- 
mon toils and dangers. Although time is fast reducing 



PRESIDENTS TOUR. 161 

our original associates, we trust that while one re- 
mains, he will never desert the standard of Freedom 
and his Country ; nor our sons forget the sacred duties 
their sires had "sworn to discharge. We fought to ob- 
tain security, self-government, and political happiness, 
and the man who can approve both the principles and 
the means, can never be indifferent to the social designs 
which such a warfare contemplated ; for among those 
purposes were included the restoration of good humour, 
good manners, good neighbourhood, polished integrity, 
with a spirit of mild and manly patriotism. 

We congratulate you, as the highest representative 
of our beloved country, that party animosity has, on all 
sides, so far subsided, before the Day Star of sonnd na- 
tional policy : and we look with confidence to a wise 
and liberal administration of the Presidency to produce 
its termination. 

And now, Sir, in bidding you a long farewell — for, 
from our lessening numbers, such another occasion can 
scarcely again occur, we join our best wishes, that 
when you shall seek a retreat from the honourable fa- 
tigues of public energies, in which so large a portion of 
your life has been employed, that your retirement may 
be accompanied by the applause of the wise, and the 
concurrent blessings of a prosperous and united re- 
publican empire. 

ANSWER 

of the President of the United States, to the address from 
the Society of Cincinnati. 

Sir — The affectionate address of my brothers of the 
Cincinnati, awakens in my mind the most grateful emo- 
tions. No approbation can be more dear to me, than 
that of those with whom I have had the honour to share 
the common toils and perils of the war for our indepen- 
dence. We were embarked in the same sacred cause 
of Liberty, and we have lived to enjoy the reward of 
our common labours. 

Blany of our companions in arms, fell in the field be- 

02 



162 president's touh* 

fore our independence was achieved, and many, less 
fortunate than ourselves, lived not to witness the per- 
fect fulfilment of their hopes in the prosperity and hap- 
piness of our country. You do but justice to your- 
selves in claiming the confidence of your country, that 
you can never desert the standard of freedom. You 
fought to obtain it, in times when men's hearts and 
principles were severely tried ; and your public sac- 
rifices and honourable actions, are the best pledges of 
your sincere and devoted attachment to our excellent 
constitution. 

May your children never forget the sacred duties de- 
volved on them, to preserve the inheritances© gallantly 
acquired by their fathers. May they cultivate the same 
manly patriotism, the same disinterested friendship, and 
the same political integrity, which has distinguished 
you, and that unite in perpetuating that social concord, 
and public virtue, on which the future prosperity of 
our country must so essentially depend. 

I feel, most deeply, the truth of the melancholy sug- 
gestion, that we shall probably meet no more. While, 
however, we remain in life, I shall continue to hope 
for your continuance and support, so fir as my public 
conduct may entitle me to your confidence, and in bid- 
ding you farewell, I pray a kind Providence long to 
preserve your valuable lives for the honour and bene- 
fit of our country. 

JAMES MONROE. 



>« The 41st anniversary of American Independence 
was celebrated in this town with unusual festivity, the 
demonstrations being heightened by the participation 
of the President of the United States in them. At sun- 
rise, noon, and sunset, national salutes were fired from 
the Forts, Navy-Yard, and Independence, 74. The 
procession of the Supreme Executive of the State was 
splendid and full — and was joined by the President and 
smite, and the Cincinnati, in the Meeting-House ; where, 



president's tour, i6Tv» 

after prayers by the Rev. Mr. Parkman, an eloquent 
and patriotic Oration was pronounced by Edward T 
Channing, Esq. in a style of oratory, chastened by sci- 
ence, and modulated by taste. The procession joined 
by the President, &c. was then escorted by the Inde- 
pendent Company of Cadets, under Lieut. Col. Rogers, 
to the State-House, where a sumptuous and splendid 
collation was provided by Mr. Foster, of Concert Hall, 
and at which about six hundred partook. 

The saloon, under the Representatives' Hall, was 
elegantly prepared for the occasion, and ornamented 
with great judgment and taste, with the implements of 
war, surmounted by the emblems of peace, and the 
symbols of plenty and happiness. 

At the table, the following toasts, among others, were 
given. 

By his excellency the Governour. — The day and the 
recollection of the events and characters which this an- 
niversary recalls, uniting all hearts. 

By the President of the United States.— The Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts ; whose sons so eminently con- 
tributed to the Independence we this day celebrate. 

On the President's visiting the Independence, 74, 
she remained without ornament during his approach^ 
but at the instant of his stepping on board, the Commo- 
dore's broad pendant was struck, and the national flag 
was hoisted at the main-top-gallant mast head, and the 
numerous decoration colours were run up, the yards 
manned, and a federal salute fired. On his leaving the 
ship, the Commodore's broad pendant was again hoisted! 
in the place of the national standard." 

The President visited the town of Charlestown. 



164 president's tour. 

" At the dock yard ga-te he was taken up by an es- 
cort of cavalry, from Gen. Austin's brigade, and made 
his entrance into that interesting town. 

At the extremity of the Square, a civic arch of ever 
greens, was thrown across the street, covered with gar- 
lands of flowers, and bearing the inscription, " 11th 
June, 1775," (alluding to the destruction of the town 
on that day.) Upon the opposite side, " National 
Prosperity." Here the Committee of the town, on 
horseback, met the President, when their Chairman, 
the Hon. Mr. Bartlett, welcomed him in the following 
address." 

We have the honour, Sir, in behalf of the inhabitants 
of Charlestown, respectfully to welcome you to this 
ancient settlement, which has once fallen a sacrifice to 
freedom, and still retains some vestiges of the revolu- 
tionary war, in which you engaged at an early period 
of life. 

We cheerfully unite with our count^'men, in the 
expression of esteem and confidence, to which your il- 
lustrious character and station entitle you ; and we 
rejoice, that whilst your administration has commenced 
under such auspicious circumstances, we can anticipate 
its progress with public approbation, and its termina- 
tion with renown to yourself, and prosperity to the na- 
tion. 

To which the President was pleased to reply : 

It is highly gratifying to me to meet the Committee 
of Charlestown, upon a theatre so interesting to the 
United States. 

It is impossible to approach Bunker Hill, where the 
war of the revolution commenced, with so much honour 
to thp nation, without being deeply affected. The 
blood spilt here, roused the whole America-! people, 
an J united them in a common cause, in defence of their 
rights ; that union will never be broken. 



president's tour. 105 

ft 

Be pleased to accept my thanks, for your kind atten- 
tion, on this interesting occasion. 

JAMES MONROE. 

" He then passed through an avenue, composed of 
the citizens, with the fathers of the town, and the Rev. 
Clergy at their head, and made more interesting by a 
long range of youths. 

He then proceeded through streets decorated with 
colours, to a square on Breed's Hill, formed by twenty 
one companies of General Austin's brigade, having for 
its centre, the " Monument of Warren." The troops, 
composed of Col. Page's Regiment of Infantry, Col. 
Kendall's of Artillery, Col. Tarbell's battalion of Light 
infantry, and Col. Sweetser's battalion of Cavalry ; the 
whole under Gen. Austin. After- reviewing these 
troops, who made a good appearance, he partook of a 
neat collation on the Heights of Bunker, prepared in a 
marquee, pitched for the occasion, and where Capt. 
VVy man's company of Light infantry, did the guard 
honours. On this memorable spot, three of the sur- 
vivors of its conflict, (Thomas Miller, Timothy Thomp- 
son, and John Kettell) were presented to him, as were 
also the Clergy of the town." 

While the President was visiting the public works 
in this vicinity, as a statesman and soldier, he did not 
forget to pay his respects to the justly celebrated Uni- 
versity at Cambridge as a scholar. He began the day 
upon the 7th, in examining the Boston Athenaeum, pro- 
bably the most interesting establishment of this nature, 
for the sons of the muses, of science, nnd of literature, 
to resort to in the union ; and closed it by enjoying 
the scientific and literary splendour of Harvard, it 



166 president's tour. 

must have been a delightful relief for the President, 
from the intense application he had paid for a number 
of days to subjects of a political, naval, and military 
nature. 

To the politeness and urbanity of President Kirk- 
land, I am indebted for the highly finished and classi- 
cal Address delivered by him, on behalf of the Corpo- 
ration of Harvard University, and the answer of the 
President, to the same, which has never before been 
published. 

Harvard University, Cambridge, 

27th Dec. 1817. 
Sir — I send you the documents requested. The 
answer was received the 10th July, written after the 
President left Boston, at Salem. It is, perhaps, proper 
to publish it without date. 

With consideration, 
I am, Sir, 

Your obedient servant, 

JOHN T. KIRKLAND. 

Mr. S. Putnam Waldo, 

Hartford, C. 

ADDRESS 

of the Corporation of the University in Cambridge, to the 
President of the United States. 

Sir — The President and Fellows of Harvard Col- 
lege, are happy in an opportunity of presenting their 
respectful salutations to the Chief Magistrate of the 
nation. It is peculiarly grateful to us, that a visit to 
this Universit}', has not been found inconsistent with 
those object' of public concern, which engage the at- 
tention of the President of the United States, in the 
course of his itinerary progress. 



president's tour. 167 

We take satisfaction in this notice of our seminary as 
evincing your estimation of liberal studies, and your in- 
terest in the education and character of American youth. 
Our Academic functions cannot fail to derive dignity 
and effect from the countenance of the civil authori- 
ties ; and our pupils to find incitements to excellence, 
in all the demonstrations of sympathy in their pursuits 
and destination, given hy those who fill exalted stations. 

We bid you welcome, sir, to an establishment coeval 
with the foundation of the State, and the object of pub- 
lic and individual favour through many successive gen- 
erations. While, however, its connexion with the his- 
tory of past times, and the number of sons which, in the 
lapse of nearly two centuries, it has annually dismissed 
from its care, are circumstances which naturally excite 
a degree of interest, we are sensible, that antiquity 
alone, tho' venerable, is an inadequate basis of respect 
from men of intelligence and reflection. We would 
hope, that this cherished seminary has other and stron- 
ger claims to complacent regard from every friend to 
the best interests of man, every patron of intellectual 
and moral excellence. 

With the rudiments of good literature, and the ele- 
ments of science, it has been the constant and elevated 
aim in this institution, to inspire the minds of youth 
with those principles of virtue and piety, with those 
manly sentiments, and with that pure love of truth and 
duty, which are the most valued ingredients of charac- 
ter, and which are best calculated to form the man and 
the citizen. 

By pursuing such a course, this ancient school has 
sought to preserve, in close alliance, the interests of 
religion and learning, of faith and charity, of liberty 
and order. 

Desiring to train those who are under our charge for 
the whole public and for mankind, we deem it an es- 
sential part of our office, to endeavour to temper the 
prejudices and feelings incident to particular attach- 
ments and geographical divisions ; to exhibit the evi- 
dence and authority of our common faith with a due 
moderation in respect to peculiarities of opinion and 



1-68 president's tour, 

mode ; and to encourage free inquiries into the nature, 
the value, the dangers, and the preservatives o£our 
republican institutions, with a just reserve upon those 
controverted questions which tend to inflame the spirit 
of party. 

We present to your view, Sir, that portion of the 
youth of our country, now resident within these walls ; 
and are happy to bear testimony to the many pledges 
they give of their regard to the interesting objects of 
literary pursuit, and to those attainments on which 
their future usefulness must depend. 

May they and all the sons of this University, ever 
cherish those generous affections, and aim at those sol- 
id acquirements, which shall bind and endear them to 
their country, and render them approved instruments 
in advancing the interests and honour of our nation, and 
strengthening and protecting its precious institutions. 

In these indications of the purposes of public educa- 
tion, we are persuaded, sir, that we refer to objects 
which you deem worthy of high regard. 

We congratulate you on the auspicious circumstan- 
ces which attend the commencement of your admin- 
istration. Accept our wishes and prayers for its happy 
course and issue ; and indulge the expression of our de- 
sire, that whilst you, by the favour of Heaven, upon 
the exercise of the appropriate duties of your high sta- 
tion, obtain the happiness of seeing the associated com- 
munities over which you preside, safe and prosperous, 
it may be our privilege, by fidelity and zeal in our allot- 
ted sphere, under the smile of the same good Provi- 
dence to co-operalf in the work of patriotism, by diffus- 
ing the light of knowledge and the saving influence of 
religion and morals. 

JOHN T. KIRKLAND. 

July 7, 1817. 

THE PRESIDENT'S ANSWER 

to the Address from the Corporation of Harvard Uni- 
versity. 

Sir — I am deeply impressed with the distinguished 



PRESIDENT'S TOIK, 16& 

attention with which the President and Fellows of Har 
yard University, have been pleased to honour me on 
my present visit. Nothing is more interesting to my 
own mind, and nothing can be more important to our 
common country, than the cultivation of science and 
liberal literature. The principal support of a free gov- 
ernment, is to be derived from the sound morals and 
intelligence of the people ; and the more extensive the 
means of education, the more confidently may we rely 
upon the preservation of our public liberties. What- 
ever doubts may once have been entertained upon the 
subject of the stability of a republican government, and 
of its capacity to promote the public interest, the pro- 
gress of our own, must now have satisfied the most 
sceptical mind, and awakened the strongest conviction 
of its energy and excellence. 

The venerable University, over which you preside, 
has long been a great ornament of our country. It 
seems exceedingly well adapted, in its organization, to 
give the best instruction. It has matured in its bosom 
many of those, who, by their patriotism, their piety, 
and their learning, have conferred lasting benefits on 
mankind. Most sincerely do I wish that it may continue 
to be a public blessing ; and, under the smiles of Prov- 
idence, increase in usefulness. An institution, which 
endeavours to rear American youth in the pure love of 
truth and duty ; and while it enlightens their minds by 
ingenuous and liberal studies, it endeavours to awaken 
a love of country, to soften local prejudices, and to in- 
culcate Christian faith and charity, cannot but acquire, 
as it deserves, the confidence of the wise and good. 
You do justice, therefore, to my feelings, in believing 
that such an institution must possess my highest regard, 
and that I shall always take a lively interest in its pros- 
perity. 

JAMES MONROE. 

To the Rev, President Kirkland. 



I must be permitted to express my unqualified admi- 
ration of this Address and Answer. The elevated rank 

P 



170 president's tour. 

sustained by the President of Harvard University , in the 
scientific and literary world ; the rank, above all ranks, 
held by the President of the United States, in the politi- 
cal world, imparts a consequence to their opinions, 
which can neither be increased nor diminished by that 
of a private individual. But when the President of a 
literary institution, instead of limiting the minds of his 
pupils to " particular attachments ; geographical divi- 
sions, and peculiarities of opinion ; trains those under 
his charge for the whole public and for mankind" no 
one can withhold the expression of his high respect, 
nor help declaring his approbation. When the Chief 
Magistrate of the only Republic on earth, instead of 
rejoicing in that mental degradation, and gross igno- 
rance, which is the foundation of despotic power, de- 
clares, " The more extensive the means of education, the 
more confidently may we rely upon the preservation of 
our public liberties ;" every one must approve of the 
sentiment, applaud the man, and delight in his adminis- 
tration. 

After examining all the different departments of the 
sciences in this important institution, the President of 
the United States, received from the President of Har- 
vard University, the Degree of Doctor of Laws, the 
highest honour he could bestow. 

The President, in his exalted station, did not omit to 
manifest his respect for one of his predecessors — the 
venerable John Adams. He visited him at his own 
mansion, in Quincey. The interview must have been 
one of the most interesting that can be imagined. It 
must have been pursued with " thoughts that breathe^ 
and words that burn." This venerable patriot, with 



president's tour. 17 i 

locks bleached with eighty-five years, must have pour- 
ed out a soul, swelling with gratitude to the King of 
Kings, and Lord of Lords, that he had sustained The 
Republic from infancy to manhood ; and that he had 
preserved one of its ardent defenders, to preside over 
its destiny. The President, in this hoary headed states- 
man, recognized one of the earliest advocates of Ameri- 
can Freedom, and must have thanked his God, that in 
retirement he was in the full enjoyment of those bles- 
sings, which he, so largely, contributed to acquire for 
his countrymen. 

The President has the happiness to reflect, that he 
has enjoyed the intimacy, and secured the confidence 
of all his illustrious predecessors ; a felicity which few, 
if any of his successors, can hope to enjoy. Wash- 
ington has departed ; and the path he made from tem- 
poral to immortal glory, must, ere long, be traversed by 
Adams, Jefferson, and Madison. 

The contracted limits of this work has inhibited the 
writer and compiler of it from giving such historical 
accounts and geographical descriptions of the impor- 
tant places, through which the President passed, as 
nould have been gratifying to his own feelings, and 
perhaps not altogether destitute of amusement and in- 
formation to his readers. The same restraint prevents 
him from expatiating, to any extent, upon Boston and 
its environs. 

Boston has been settled by Europeans nearly two 
centuries. It is situated upon a peninsula, united to 
the main land upon the south, by a narrow neck of land 
extending to Roxbury. It has an inner and an outward 
bay, spreading before it to the east, making a harbour. 



i/2 president's tour. 

somewhat difficult of entrance, and safe when entered. 
In approaching it by land and by sea, it is presented to 
the view of the traveller, and the navigator, in the most 
flattering colours. The whole peninsula, excepting a 
capacious common, which the wise policy of the place 
has always preserved for a beautiful promenade, and 
for the benefit of a free circulation of air, is covered 
with buildings. The adjoining country is literally 
checquered with beautiful and flourishing villages. — 
Upon entering the town, the beholder is convinced 
there was no illusion in the distant view. Although 
irregularly built, its irregularity is more charming than 
the dull uniformity of the " cities of the plain." In its 
principal streets, there is a succession of extensive 
warehouses, and elegant residences. In its lanes and 
alleys, which might, by a stranger, be supposed to con- 
tain the sons of sorrow and indigence ; there is every 
appearance of active industry and comfortable subsist- 
ence. The public buildings discover the wealth and 
taste of the citizens. The new state house, and the 
new court house, are considered as models of elegant 
architecture. Twenty-three houses of public worship 
ahow that the present inhabitants are not forgetful of the 
God of their forefathers. Although, by the surround- 
ing ocean, this peninsula is almost cut off from natural 
communication with the adjacent country, a number of 
e legant bridges furnish an artificial passage to every 

part of it. 

The events that have taken place here, it will 
be the pride and the pleasure of the historian to re- 
cord. The Tourist is precluded from it by his li- 
mits. It can only here be said, that Boston was settled 



president's tour. 173 

by independent Christians, determined that no dictates, 
but those of divine revelation, should control them in 
the worship of the Deity. It was settled by freemen, 
who were resolved to resist the unauthorized exertion 
of the power of an earthly potentate. The revolution 
here commenced, and it was consummated upon the 
principles here advanced. The first blood shed in 
this contest, was spilled in its neighbourhood,* and in 
. its neighbourhood f the first important battle was fought. 
It was upon Bunker's incrimsoned mount where a War- 
ren fell — 

" There stood stern Putnam, seam'd with many a scar, 
" The vet'ran honours of an earlier war.":}: 

and here he saved the remnant of an army that had slain 
more than its whole number. 

Having, in the first edition of this work, attempted to 
blend with the account of the interesting Tour of the 
President, brief historical notices of the most important 
events which had taken place in the principal places 
through which he passed, I could not omit to mention 
" the Battle of Bunker Hill " In mentioning that event, 
the " Belqved Warren," and the " Veteran Put- 
nam," could not be forgotten. 

The edition had hardly issued from the press, when 
Gen. Henry Dearborn, published " An Account of the 
Battle of Bunker Hill," calculated to throw a shade 
over the exalted fame of Warren, and to tarnish, for- 
ever, the hard earned laurels of Putnam. His ft ac- 
count" produced a sensation through the whole Repub- 
lic. The surviving heroes of that sanguinary contest, 

* Battle of Lexington, t Battle of Bunker Hill. 
J Barlow's Columbiad, and Trumbull's Painting. 

P 2 



174 president's tour. 

whose hearts had almost eeased to beat from the weight 
of years, were roused into indignation at the sacrile- 
gious attack upon " their General," the Gazettes of the 
whole Republic teemed with depositions repelling the 
attack upon the memory of Israel PurNAM. 

A digested account of that battle has recently been 
published by an accomplished scholar, Col. Samuel 
Swett, of Boston, to >vhich the reader is referred* I 
hope to be pardoned for incorporating into this work 
the following letters, which were published in the Ga- 
zettes of the day. 

LETTER I. 

To Gen. Henry Dearborn. 

Hartford, May 1, 1818. 

Sir — My attention has recently been directed to a 
publication in the Port Folio, entitled, " An account of 
the battle of Bunker Hill." Not having been born until 
after the first war for Independence, I of course know 
nothing of that unparalleled contest, excepting from 
reading the histories we have of it, and hearing the sur- 
viving veterans relate the tales of it. It is a subject of 
all others most interesting to me. My ancestors were 
among the first to " breast the shock;" and those of them 
who did not fall upon the field of battle, were the last 
who left it. 

My venerated grandfather, Mfijor General Israel 
Putnam, was among the first who flew to arms after the 
blood of Americans stained the fields of Lexington. He 
had fought the French and the Savages in the French 
war. He had gone through scenes of sufferings, and 
Hosts of dangers, which are probably without parall Is 

» Vide Humphrey's Life of Putnam, with Swett's Appendix, 



president's tour, 176 

in the history of our country. In that war, sir, he be- 
came a terror both to a civilized and to a barbarous 
foe, and an object of admiration to his countrymen, and 
with the British government. 

When that sanguinary power commenced the dread- 
ful trade of war upon their own subjects in America, it 
endeavoured with unceasing assiduity, to detach him 
from the cause of the country, and to lead the British 
forces against his countrymen. Yes, sir, the first 
honours of the British government were within his 
reach ; and had he been base enough to have desert- 
ed the standard of his country, he might have been 
■ stuck o'er with titles and hung round -with strings ;" 
and the stars and " orders" of nobility might have dec- 
orated his body. But he became a champion in the 
cause of liberty ; and without any respite from the toils 
and privations of the camp, remained in the field until, 
by a paralytic shock, one half of his body was rendered 
as lifeless as the whole of it has been for more than a 
quarter of a century. 

' s I hope I shall escape the imputation of vanity, when 
I say it was the delight of my infant years to hear this 
hoary headed patriot detail to his listening descendants, 
the perils, the pains and the tortures he had endured ; 
and, with the crutch that supported the living part of 
his system, to trace in the sand the plan of the battles 
in which he had fought. 

His aid, Gen. Humphrey, became his biographer ; 
and he, with his own hand, presented me with the de- 
tail of his life. — It was the first of my reading. I be- 
came familiar with the life of Israel Putnam, and felt 
an infant glow of pride that he was the compatriot and 



176 PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

favourite of Washington. Humphrey has followed 
Putnam into eternity, and the hand of death has depriv- 
ed them both of dtifending that hard earned fame which 
was never assailed or doubted > until the phlegmatic 
cruelty of Henry Dearborn commenced the attack. 

I claim for my grandfather no advantage from the 
common Sentiment, that we should tread lightly upon 
the ashes of the dead. No, sir, when the tomb receiv- 
ed his body, it did not close upon a single stain that had 
tarnished his escutcheon. To use the langnage of his 
eulogist, pronounced after the solemn peal of cannon, 
and the lamentations of an assembled multitude over his 
tomb — " He pitied littleness — loved goodness — admired 
greatness, and aspired to its glorious summit." His fame 
was the dearest legacy he left to his descendants ; and 
\ione of them, however remote, will suffer it to be as- 
sailed with impunity, by any living man, he is guilty of 
petit treason. 

As to your description of the \ Battle of Bunker Hill? 
its accuracy cannot be judged of by me. I glory in the 
fame that any man, in any rank acquired in the revolu- 
tionary struggle, and most sincerely hope, that from 
time to time our countrymen will acquire additional 
knowledge of that great contest. But, sir, could you 
not detail your conduct and that of Col. Prescott, with- 
out assailing the reputation of Gen. Ward and Gen. 
Putnam? 

You speak of the " universal popularity of Gen. Put- 
nam," and add " no one can at this time offer any satis- 
factory reasons why he was held in such high estimation." 
" Universal popularity" in the American Republic, sir, 
cannot be acquired by any man, without a long course 



president's tour, 177 

of meritorious service. It was for this reason that Gen. 
Putnam was " held in such high estimation." He had 
that " popularity that followed him ; not that which he 
run after." The American people have awarded to 
him the meed of praise — they have enrolled his name 
with the bright constellation of American worthies — 
and you may as well change the course of the streams 
he encountered, and shake the foundation ofthe moun- 
tains he defended, as to rob him of his fame. But the 
impossibility of doing this, is no excuse for the futile 

attempt. 

Has it come to this, Sir, that the glory of a Washing- 
ton and a Putnam is to be tarnished by a Duane and a 
Dearborn ? " O / shame, where is thy blush." You say 
that at the table " of his Excellency James Bowdoin" 
it was declared after the war, that Gen. Putnam " ought 
to have been shot." My blood congeals as I write — this 
declaration tortures my bosom more than could cold 
iron or molten lead. Israel Putnam, Sir, suffered more 
from savage and Christian foes than a hundred deaths 
could inflict, in the cause of a country he loved better 
than himself ; and after resting in his cemetery for a 
quarter of a century, his memory is assailed by one who 
wishes to build his fame upon his ruins. 

General Dearborn, the history ofthe second war for 
American Independence is yet to be written. The part 
you took in it will be detailed. If the impartial histori- 
an shall place you in the temple Gffame, and you should 
be called to the congregation of the dead, imagine to 
yourself now what would be the feelings of your grand- 
children when your reputation should be assailed as 
you have assailed that of Israel Putnam. Excuse me 



178 president's tour. 

for this trouble, and from pursuing, at this time, a sub 
ject which harrows my feelings into agony. 

S. Putnam Waldo. 



LETTER II. 



-Old man, I tell thee 



" The sheeted bones of this dead hero 

" Do rattle in their cerements, at the charge 

" Thy desperate pen hath made." 



Hartford, Conn. July 25th, 1818. 

Sir — You may deem it presumptuous in me to ad- 
dress a late Major-General in the army of the American 
Republic. Should this be your impression, I can find 
an example of temerity for my own justification in the 
recent presumption of General Dearborn. To assail 
the fame of Israel Putnam, at this period of the world, 
furnishes an example of rashness, bordering upon des- 
peration. 

When the editor of the Port Folio requested you to 
furnish for his journal, " An account of the Battle of 
Bunker Hill," he unquestionably supposed he should 
have derived it from a correct source. He published 
the account to the world ; and the journals of the day 
are crowding their columns with the inflated, deceptive, 
and false detail. Inflated — because you make yourself 
the principal figure in your ow?i painting ; — deceptive — - 
because where it is not absolutely false, it is calculated 
to mislead the inquirer ; false — because it contradicts 
the acknowledged authenticity of history, and is oppos- 
ed to the unimpeachable testimony of the surviving 
veterans of that sanguinary conflict. 



president's tour. 179 

Fn that battle, Sir, you commanded a company : for 
although a falsehood in one part of a statement justifies 
a doubt to the whole, I will be generous enough to ad- 
mit the truth of this, your assertion. Have you not seen 
enough of military life, and read enough of military his- 
tory, to know that a mere subaltern is wholly incom- 
petent to give an account of a great battle in which he 
fought ? He may relate the desperate deeds which he 
or his serjeant actually performed ; but he knows little 
of the " whole ground ;" and you must have beep 
guilty of gross neglect of duty in this battle, as well as 
of gross falsehood in detailing it. How came Capt. 
Dearborn to be every where, and see every body, stand- 
ing, falling, dying, or dead, during this battle ? You 
might have seen the beloved and sainted Warren in the 
arms of death ; and you might now, were you dastardly 
enough to add to the infamous aspersions against his 
companion in arms, Israel Putnam, declare that he died 
by his unmilitary rashness, or, in a fit of desperation, 
slew himself ! 

During the life of General Putnam, slander, with her 
thousand venomous tongues, never discharged the pois- 
on of one of them at his character ; and can his pos- 
terity endure to see his tomb invaded by a sacrilegious 
slanderer ? If there be any sentiment common to every 
human heart, it is that of indignation against the assail- 
ant of our ancestors. If this sentiment finds not a 
place in your bosom, it is even more callous to human- 
ity than I now think it to be. In the wide range of hu- 
man observation, it is difficult to find a being amongst 
the most depraved of the vile, who will acknowledge 
himself destitute of it. Parricides, to be sure, have 



. . ._.. „-r; _ 



180 president's tour. 

been produced ; and wretches have been known to slan- 
der their parents ; but even they would suffer no other 
to slay their fathers, or traduce their memorie?. This 
indignation is increased, as the character slandered is 
more pure : — excuse then the warmth I feel at your 
slander of Israel Putnam. 

At the time I addressed a brfefletter to you, in May 
last, I had seen no defence of my venerated grandfather's 
memory from your barbarous attack ; but I derived 
real consolation from the reflection, that it needed none. 
Soon after, however, I was gratified at seeing the most 
respectable Gazettes, conducted by gentlemen of dif- 
ferent political parties, repelling, in the most elegant 
and energetic manner, your base and foul slander. I 
knew that Gen. Putnam had a surviving son— himself 
a patriotic young officer in the army of the revolution — 
aid to his father — and distinguished by Washington as 
an accomplished officer — Col. Daniel Putnam. To 
him I knew belonged the duty of defending the memory 
of his father after death, as he had guarded his body 
when in life. I knew him the fittest of all persons 
living to do it ; and I feel a proud satisfaction in know- 
ing, that, when necessary, he can wield the pen of a 
scholar, as well as the sword of a gentleman. A pam- 
phlet, containing your attack, and his defence, has late- 
ly been sent me. 

Nothing but your outrage against the common princi- 
ples of humanity — nothing but your presumptuous vio- 
lation of the sanctuary of a sleeping hero, could have 
called him from the delightful retirement in which he 
lives,or have induced him to offer himself to the public. 
The mandate of nature, and the law of Sinai, pledged 



PRESIDENT si J'OUR. 181 

him to the sacred duty, and the sacred pledge he has 
redeemed. Take this brief and lucid detail into your 
closet — examine it with care. 'Tis not like the hand 
writing upon the wall, unintelligible ; but, like that, it 
must shake your frame, and disturb your soul. The 
majestic spirit of Washington would there upbraid you 
for profaning the tomb of his earliest friend and first 
officer, in the war of the revolution. Read the evi- 
dence of his strong, of his lasting attachment to Israel 
Putnam, and blush at your own injustice. Examine 
the clear and conclusive testimony of an unspotted 
patriot of the revolution, whose blood flowed upon Bun- 
ker Hill, but who yet survives to defend the memory 
of his commander. More than three score and ten 
years have rolled over the head of Col. Thomas Gros- 
venor, of Pomfret ; but additional years can never ren- 
der his heart unmoved at the slander of Putnam, nor 
prevent his tongue from telling the truth. He entered 
the army your inferior in rank, and left it your su- 
perior in every quality which constitutes the offi- 
cer, the man, and the patriot. Turn then to the evi- 
dence of the American Raphael, Col. John Trumbull, 
and sink into that shade in which his unrivalled pencil 
has placed you, when delineating and painting this bat- 
tle. A Putnam is scan — aGRosvENOR is seen— a Small 
is seen ; but a Dearborn — " is not." 

If, after reading this explicit testimony, which com- 
pletely destroys your " account," you had, as in duty 
bound, retracted your declaration in regard to General 
Putnam, the world would have been disposed to extend 
its charity to you. But your groundless and refuted 
statement, you attempt to support by vague and unde- 

Q 



182 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

fined evidence. No doubt you can obtain the affidavits 
of nfteen-sixteenths of the people of Suffolk, Middle- 
sex, and E^sex counties, who will say they did not see 
General Putnam, on the 17th of June, 1775, upon 
Bunker-Hill ; and could not, from personal knowledge, 
contradict your account. What kind of evidence call 
you this, and before what forum would you adduce it ? 
Let me tell yon, Sir, the Grand Inquest of the Ameri- 
can people, before whom you have put yourself upon 
trial, will weigh this evidence, and will decide, that the 
testimony of an hundred thousand men, however res- 
pectable, who did not see Gen. Putnam in the battle of 
Bunker Hill, and cannot contradict your account, will 
be like the light dust of the balance against the une- 
quivocal evidence of a few heroes, who declare that 
they did see him there, in the ardent discharge of his 
duty, and that your account cannot be true. 

After all, General, the descendants of Israel Put- 
nam are indebted to you. You have rendered the cha- 
racter of that hero more conspicuous and more endear- 
ed to Americans, by attempting to ruin it.* In the ordi- 
nary course of nature, you must shortly follow Putnam 
to the tomb ; and should your memory be assailed as 
you have assailed that of my grandfather, may a gene- 
rous public allow, and an indignant posterity defend, 
the reputation you deserve, and — no more. 

S. Putnam Waldo. 

It was upon Bunker Hill where the imperious power 
of Britain was first taught to respect American courage. 
The commercial consequence ofBoston is too well known 

* Toast ?iven in Baltimore, July 5tb, 1319. ' The memory of Gen. 

Putnam — The Patriot and Soldier — the lustre of his fame is not diminished, 
but rendered rnon; resplendent, by the calumny of his»:ontemporary.' 



president's tour. 183 

to require description. The President was familiar with 
all these important facts when he entered it, and the mi- 
nute attention he hestowed upon every subject connect- 
ed with the interest of the place, shewed the importance 
he attached to it in his own estimation. Its population, 
in 1810, was nearly 34,000. 

" The President, with his suite, left Boston upon the 
3th for Marblehead and Salem, escorted by the Boston 
Light dragoons. At the boundary of the counties, he was 
received by the Hon. Sheriff Bartlett, of Essex, Mnjor 
General Hovey, Brigadier General Appleton, &c. and 
the escort was continued by the battalion of Cavalry, 
consisting of the Washington and Essex Hussars, under 
Major Peabody, which had gone from Salem for that 
purpose. 

At Lynn, the President was met by a Committee of 
that town, and under a salute from Capt. Bachelder's 
Artillery, conducted to the Hotel, where many ladies 
and gentlemen, previously assembled, were presented 
to him. As he left the Hotel, a very large number of 
the inhabitants, of both sexes, and of all ages, drew up 
in two lines on the Common, forming a lane extending 
from the Hotel to the Meeting-House, through which, 
with his Excellency, Governour Brooks, and their res- 
pective suites, preceded by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments, he passed delighted on foot, and then ascended 
his carriage, and continued his journey. 

At Marblehead, he was received with great respect 
by the Fathers of the Town, and Committee of Ar- 
rangements, under escort of Capt. Story^s Light Infan- 
try, and amidst the sound of bells aad cannon, and the 



3 S4 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

acclamations of the citizens. Here he spent several 
hours, receiving congratulations, viewing the town and 
harbour, visiting and inspecting Fort Sewall, and its 
garrison, reviewing Major Reed's battalion of Artillery, 
&c. &c. 

A little after 3 o'clock, a salute from Col. Russell's 
regiment of Artillery, stationed in South Salem, and the 
ringing of the bells, announced that the President had 
reached the bounds of Salem, where he was met by the 
Selectmen, Committee, and Marshals, and welcomed 
by Col. Mansfield, Chairman of the Selectmen, in the 
following terms : 

We are highly gratified, Sir, that we have once more 
an opportunity to present our respects to the Chief 
Magistrate of the nation ; and we, the Selectmen, Sir, 
in behalf of the inhabitant*, sincerely welcome you to 
the ancient town of Salem. 

After which, he quitted his carriage, and proceeded 
with the cnvalcadeon horseback. He was soon in the 
centre of the town. The descent from the high grouud 
to the south bridge, exhibited the cavalcade, which had 
increased at every step, to fine advantage. An arch, 
thrown over the bridge, was handsomely dressed with 
flags ; passing under this, the President entered into 
the midst of multitudes of citizens thronging the streets, 
while every window was sparkling with female beauty ; 
and turning the angle, into Essex-street, the gratulating 
shouts of thousands rent the air. Having passed into 
Court-street, through Marlborough, Federal, and Bos- 
ton streets, to the head of Essex-street, the cavalcade 
halted. Here the President dismounted, and joined 
on foot the procession of the inhabitants there formed.. 



president's tour. 185 

agreeable to thejudicious arrangements of the Com- 
mittee. An elegant battalion, composed of three Com- 
panies of Light Infantry, under the command of Capt- 
White of the Cadets, conducted this procession, under 
a salute from the Artillery, to the President's lodgings, 
at the Essex Coffee-House. Near the President's per- 
son, in the procession, were many of our most distin 
guished naval and military commanders. In the pas- 
sage through Essex-street, the hopes of parents, and of 
society, were presented to the President, in the as- 
semblage of about a thousand children, regularly ar- 
ranged on each side, under their several school-mas- 
ters, and forming an extensive avenue for the proces- 
sion to pass through. When the head of the escort 
reached the Coffee-house, they opened, and the Pres- 
ident was conducted in by the Committee, where he 
met with many distinguished characters, among whom 
it was a high gratification to behold his Excellency 
the Governour, who, with his aids, and in full uniform, 
had arrived some hours before, with the Hon. Timo- 
thy Pickering, of the Supreme Executive Council, 
kc. &c. Here, in front of the house, and amidst the 
assembled citizens, an address was delivered by the 
Hon. Mr. Pickman, as Chairman of the Committee, and 
an extemporaneous answer returned by the President, 
Some time after, the President, accompanied by his 
Excellency, and many other public characters, was es- 
corted to the Town Hall, where a number of our most 
respectable citizens were personally introduced to him, 
From the Hall he proceeded in a carriage with the 
Governour, to Washington-square, where he reviewed 



l8t> PRESIDENT^ TOUR, 

the line of troops, composed of the squadron of Caval- 
ry the regiment of Artillery, the regiment of Infantry,, 
and the Independent Cadets, (the whole under the or- 
ders of Col. Russell, of the Artillery) and then alighted 
at a marquee, where he received the marching salute. 
This military display was most beautiful ; and it is un- 
derstood the President was pleased to express his sense 
of the fine appearance, and correct performances of 
the troops, in high terms of approbation. After the re- 
view, the President (who entered and quitted the 
Square under a peal of Artillery) was escorted by the 
cavalry to his lodgings, where he sat down to dinner 
with a large number of guests whom he had invited to 
his table, and among whom were his excellency Gov. 
Brooks, Secretary of the Navy, Hon. Mr. Pickering, 
Judge Story, many naval and military officers of the 
United States ; Gen. Hovey, and other militia officers, 
the venerable Dr. Holyoke, Reverend Clergy, Com- 
mittee of Arrangements, Marshals of the day, &c. In 
the evening, the President and the Governour, with 
their suites, visited the Town Hall, which was crowded 
with a brilliant assemblage of ladies and gentlemen, and 
where a free and polite intercourse took place between 
these distinguished visitors and the company assembled. 
An excellent band of music enlivened the brilliant 
scene. At an early hour the. President, with the Gov- 
ernour, retired, having been greeted at every turn, 
through the day, with all the marks expressive of res- 
pect for the first magistrate of the nation. 

Wednesday morning the President, with his suite, 
pursuant to the purposes of his Tour, visited Fort 
dickering on Winter Island, the East India Museum. 



president's TOtiR, H8? 

the Salem Atheneurri, the new work house, and whate- 
ver other objects of apablic nature, and worthy his re 
gard the town offers. In the afternoon dined with the 
Secretary of the Navy, in company with the Select 
men, Committee of Arrangements, and many other 
gentlemen of distinction. 

The Town Hall (a long room over the Market) was 
first made use of to pay the honours of the town to th^ 
President of the United States. It is not in my power 
to describe the handsome style in which it was fitted 
up : it excited the admiration of the President, and 
drew from him a compliment to the ladies, whose taste 
and skill spread over it such a neat and graceful dress 
of ornament, in festoons of oak, connected with bands 
of gold, and disposed in the most elegant and appro- 
priate manner. At the north end of the hall was the 
seat of the President, (a chair from Mount Vernon, with 
the name of Washington inscribed upon it) upon an 
elevation of about four feet above the floor, ascended by a 
flight of stairs, being a circular projection in front of a 
eolonade, over which was an arch supported by pillars, 
and surmounted with the arms of the United States. 
Around the room were portraits of eminent worthies 
of old and present times, and representations of various 
scenes in which the glory of the nation is involved. 
When lighted in the evening by a thousand lamps, and 
glittering with female beauty, it displayed an enchanting 
scene." 

The town of Salem is the second in size, and proba- 
bly in commercial consequence, in New England. It 
!9 situated upon a peninsula formed by two inlets from 



188 president's tour. 

the sea. Whenever the name of this town is mention- 
ed, the melancholy delusion of a most gloomy supersti- 
Hon, which occasioned the persecution of an unoffend- 
ing race of christians, is always remembered. But the 
conscientious scruples which misled its ancient inhab- 
itants to punish Quakers, has preserved their descend- 
ants from adopting those undefined principles, which, 
under the specious pretext of liberality, will tolerate 
every wild and disjointed system of theology, which 
men adopt from the dim light of nature, unaided by the 
light of revelation. The citizens of this place have, 
for many years, carried on the India trade to a very 
great extent, and have taken the lead in the Fisheries, 
upon the banks of Newfoundland. They have also 
been considerably engaged in the whale fishery ; and 
from these employments, the town of Salem has been 
one of the most fruitful nurseries of accomplished and 
adventurous seamen in New England. " Cleopatra's 
Barge" was built in this place. Her recent voyage in 
the Atlantic and Mediterranean, excited more admira- 
tion than all the navies and merchantmen that swim 
upon their surfaces. She was like a flaming comet upon 
the face of the skies, robbing the regular planets of the 
admiration usually bestowed upon them. Salem was 
settled as early as 1628, and from a regular growth, has 
reached the consequence which it now maintains, a- 
mongst the first towns in the northern and eastern 
states. It contains ten houses of public worship, be- 
sides other public buildings. Its population in 1810, 
was 12,700. 

The President, in tint seclusion which is indispen- 
sably necessary for the discharge of those duties which 



's TOUR. 180 



^PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

require reflection, remained some days in Salem. He 
left it on the twelfth, and proceeded on his Tour. 

His arrival and reception at Newburyport, is well 
described in the following newspaper article. 

" On the morning of Saturday last, the President of 
the United States arrived in this town, when he was 
welcomed by those spontaneous marks of respect, 
which are characteristic of a free and enlightened peo- 
ple. Agreeable to Brigade Orders, the Field and Staff 
officers of this Brigade, repaired to Ipswich, at an early 
hour, to receive him. After being greeted with the 
cordial and affectionate salutations of the citizens of that 
respectable place — the regiment of cavalry under the 
command of Col. Coleman, together with the Field of- 
ficers of the Brigade, under the direction ©f Majors 
Scott and Wood, who were appointed by the Brigadier 
General, as Marshals for the occasion, took up the es- 
cort, and proceeded to Parker's River Bridge, where 
he was met by the Hon. Baily Bartlett, Sheriff of 
Essex, with his suite, together with the Committee of 
Arrangements from Newbury port, when Col. Mosely, 
as their Chairman, addressed him in the following Ian 
guage \ 

Sir — A number of the citizens of Newbury port, and 
its vicinity, desirous of paying you their respects, have 
taken the liberty of meeting you on your journey, and 
with your permission will accompany you to Newbury- 
port, where the citizens of that town will be happy, 
in a more formal manner, to pay you their salutations* 

Being joined by a numerous cavalcade of citizens, 
ffom this and the neighbouring towns ; the whole gr»- 



190 president's tour. 

ceeded to Newbury Green, where the President de- 
scended from his carnage and mounted his horse. Or 
reaching the lines of Newburyport, the peal of bells, 
and the roar of cannon, from Capt. Coffin's correct and 
well disciplined company of Artillery, announced the 
approach of the distinguished visitant. As the caval- 
cade moved through High street, he was greeted with 
loud and repeated huzzas from an immense concourse 
of spectators, assembled to testify their respect for the 
Chief Magistrate of our nation. 

On the arrival of the President at Bartlett Mall, he 
was received in a soldier-like manner, by that hand- 
some corps, the " Washington Light Infantry," com- 
manded by Capt. Balch ; and, passing under a civic 
Arch, which was tastefully decorated with wreaths of 
flowers, his attention was agreeably arrested by an 
avenue of youths of both sexes to the number of eigh- 
teen hundred and fifty, who were arranged with much 
order and regularity on both sides of the spacious 
area. Their countenances, " on which the world had 
left no traces of care, and^ vice had left no marks of 
disorder," appeared to conciliate his esteem and to in- 
terest him in their behalf. The dress of the scholars 
was neat and becoming, for it was taken from the ward- 
robe of simplicity, whilst the decorous deportment 
which influenced their conduct, exemplified that their 
teachers had been attentive to external behaviour, as 
well as the more important objects of instruction. In 
front of the Court House was displayed a venerable 
fla* ; an emblem of the bravery of our countrymen v 
for it waved triumphantly in the glorious struggle for 
Independence. 



president's tour. 191 

After the. procession had passed these lines, the 
whole moved through Market, Union, Green, Merri- 
raac and State streets, to Oilman's Hotel. On alighting 
from his horse, a larger assemblage than was ever be- 
fore collected in this town, involuntarily crowded a- 
round him, solicitous to renew their pledges of good 
will. 

As he entered the room prepared for his reception, 
the gratulating shouts of his fellow citizens, rent the 
air. After these plaudits had subsided, the Chairman 
of the Committee rose and addressed the President as 
follows :" 

Sir — The citizens of Newburyport, by their Com- 
mittee, beg leave to present their sincere respects to 
the Chief Magistrate of the United States. 

Having been called by a free and intelligent people, 
to preside over their most important concerns, it must 
be peculiarly grateful to your feelings, at the commence- 
ment of your arduous duties, to be made more particu- 
larly acquainted with their local interests, and to receive 
their respectful and affectionate salutations. It is no 
less pleasing to us than happy for the nation, that we 
derive the honour of this interview, from the practical 
operation of that maxim of your illustrious predecessor, 
the Father of his Country, in his last affectionate address 
to his fellow citizens, that " timely disbursements to 
prepare for danger, frequently prevent much greater 
disbursements, to repel it." A numerous and wealthy 
population, stretching along an extensive sea coast, pre- 
sents, to a foreign enemy, many alluring objects of at- 
tack ; and the present period of peace and public tran- 
quillity, appears peculiarly favourable for your patriot- 
ic efforts for our defence and security. 

Enjoying, as we do, the blessings of a free govern- 
ment, our attachment cannot be the less ardent, when 
administered by one who took so honourable and active 
a part in those measures by which it was obtained 



i 92 president's tour. 

We trust, that under your administration, by the smiles 
of a kind Providence, a spirit of peace will be general- 
ly diffused, the venerable and pious institutions of our 
Fathers preserved, and the citizens meet their appro- 
priate rewards, in the labours of agriculture, manufac- 
tures and commerce, and in extending the sciences and 
the arts. 

Accept, Sir, our best wishes, that you may be pros- 
pered in the important objects of your journey, and at 
the close of your labours, receive a consolation, the 
most dear to a patriot, in the happiness and prosperity 
of the country. 

To which the President was pleased to reply, in substance, 

as follows : 

That he received, with great sensibility, the atten- 
tions of the citizens of Newburyport ; that his princi- 
pal object, in making this Tour, was to see the situa- 
tion of the people, in different parts of the country, 
and the entrance and harbours of the principal towns, 
and to acquire such information as would enable him the 
better to discharge the duties of his office ; that in his 
journey he had been highly gratified with the prosper- 
ous condition of the people, and that their situation 
was far more happy than that of any other in any part 
of the world ; and* that he could not be sufficiently 
thankful to that bountiful Providence which had confer- 
red upon us such distinguished blessings. The Presi- 
dent concluded with desiring, that his grateful senti- 
ments, for the kind and respectful manner, in which he 
had been received by the citizens, might be communi- 
cated to them. 



it 



After mutually exchanging civilities with his fel- 
low citizen?, the President and suite sat down to a 
sumptuous dinner served up by Mr. Gilman, with much 
elegance and taste. Gen. Swift presided at the table. 

We recognized, with much satisfaction, amongst the 
guests, Maj. Gen. Dearborn, Commodore Bainbridge, 



president's TOUR. !9oi 

Brigadier General Miller, Dr. Waterhouse, and Gen. 
Bricket, with the Rev. Clergy of this and the neigh- 
bouring towns. On the removal of the cloth, General 
Swift announced the following as the toast of the Presi- 
dent of the United States : 

Happiness and Prosperity to the inhabitants of Newburyport. 

The President, having signified his pleasure to dis- 
pense with the escort of cavalry, arose from the table ; 
retired into another apartment, and, after taking an af- 
fectionate 4eave of the Committee of Arrangements, he 
ascended his carriage amidst loud and reiterated cheer- 
ings, and resumed his journey. 

At Amesbury, he tarried about one hour ; viewed 
the valuable Factories in that place ; expressed his 
admiration at their situation, and his gratification at 
their flourishing condition. ,r 

It is worthy of notice, that many towns followed the 
example first set by the citizens of Hartford in conduct- 
ing the nation's favourite into the bosom of his beloved 
citizens, under triumphal arches. The Roman Re- 
public, in its best days, received the returning conquer- 
or and the virtuous senator in this manner. A servile 
imitation of the ancients, in the nineteenth century of 
the christian era, may, by modern literati, be deemed 
inconsistent with modern improvement ; but until the 
world produces an age equal to that of Augustus, in clas- 
sical elegance, and love of country, an imitation of 
Romans discovers more good sense than contempt for 
their examples. 

Newburyport is situated two miles above the mouth 

of the river Merrimack. The harbour is capacious 

R 



iy4 president's touk. 

and safe. It has a regular shore, and the town is reg- 
ularly built. High Street overlooks the whole town, 
and affords a beautiful prospect of the harbour and the 
ocean. Its growth has been more rapid than that of 
any other town in New England. The language of ro- 
mance would declare that it rose by magic ; but facts 
prove that it grew rapidly up by the energetic exertion 
of human faculties .It is probbaly within the memory 
of the living, when this flourishing and commercial town 
was a village of fishermen. Ship building has been 
prosecuted here to an extent unparalleled in the com- 
mercial towns upon the seaboard of the union. In 
1811, a sudden conflagration, with all its appalling hor- 
rors, reduced much of the labour and accumulation 
of half a century to ashes. But the calamity produced 
i display of munificence, unequalled in the annals of 
sympathizing benevolence. By the aid of those who 
v < cast their bread upon the waters ," it has arisen again 
from the desolation of fire ; " a good servant, but a terri- 
ble master.'''' It has seven houses of public worship, 
for the adoration of the Deity, and a Court House and 
a Gaol, for the trial and punishment of men. Its pop- 
ulation in 1810, was more than 7,500. 

The President left Newburyport upon the 12th, and 
directed his course toward Portsmouth, the capital of 
New Hampshire. The following is the manner of his 
reception ; the address there delivered, and the answer 
returned. 

" The President left Salem in the morning, and after 
receiving the attentions of the citizens of Ipswich, 
Newburyport. &c. and visiting the woollen factory a- 



president's tour. 195 

Amesbury, on his route, arrived in this town about 7 
o'clock, P. M. He was met at Greenland by the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements, and a numerous cavalcade of 
citizens on horseback and in carriages, and the company 
of cavalry belonging to the 35th regiment. When he 
passed the lines of the town, it was announced by a na- 
tional salute from the Artillery company, under Capt. 
Currier, stationed on the Plains ; and on the arrival of 
the President at that place, he viewed the 1st regiment 
under the command of Colonel Walker, which was or- 
dered out for his reception. When passing Wibird's 
hill, he was again welcomed by a national salute from 
the company of Sea-Fencibles, under Captain Brown, 
and by the ringing of bells ; after which he was escort- 
ed into town, through lines formed by the scholars of 
the several public and private schools in this place, who 
were arranged on each side of Middle Road, extending 
from Mr. Rundlett's, to Major Larkin's house. Their 
numbers were considerably over a thousand, and they 
were in neat uniforms, and furnished an interesting and 
pleasing spectacle. 

The windows on the streets through which the Pres- 
ident passed, were crowded with the fair, and the streets 
lined with spectators, anxious to view the man who 
had been raised to the highest possible honour, that of 
being the Chief Magistrate of a free people. 

On the entrance of the President into Market street, 
he passed through an arch of evergreen, which had 
been tastefully formed by the ladies of this town, near 
which a band of music received him with national and 
appropriate airs. After arriving at Frost's Hotel, the 
President and suite, together with the Committee of 



.193 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

Arrangements, appeared in the balcony over the door, 
which was fancifully decorated, when the Hon. Mr. 
Mason, in behalf of the citizens, delivered the following 

address." 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The presence of the Chief Magistrate, selected 
for his eminent virtues and public services, to preside 
over nnd direct the councils of a great nation, must al- 
ways excite feelings of the highest interest. The in- 
habitants of the town of Portsmouth, remote from the 
seat of general government, can expect few opportuni- 
ties of witnessing such a gratifying scene. We there- 
fore eagerly embrace this fortunate occasion to present 
our ardent and sincere congratulations- 
Engaged chiefly in the business of commerce and nav- 
igation, we know that our destinies are, in a peculiar 
manner, dependent on the measures of that government, 
to which the protection of those important objects, is 
exclusively conhded. These enterprising pursuits, 
which have always been greatly contributory to the 
general welfare, are now suffering under a temporary 
depression. But we have entire confidence, that the 
wisdom and justice of government, will extend to them 
all the protection and support, that shall be in its 
power. 

To superintend and conduct the national concerns 
has always, in free governments, been the favourite 
employment of the best and greatest men. By no other 
means can an individual of distinguished talents so emi- 
nently promote the public good. The successful per- 
formance of such duties must, at all times, constitute a 
sure claim to the gratitude of a generous people. This, 
Sir, is the arduous and honourable service, which is 
entrusted to you, by the citizens of the United States. 

Sensible how greatly the national prosperity depends 
on the due administration of the government, we recall 
to our recollection, uith much satisfaction, the numer- 
ous pledges of attachment to the public interest; fur- 



PRESIDENT'S TOUft, I9"i 

uished by the history of your past life. It is our ear- 
nest and confident hope, that your administration, by 
perfecting our valuable institutions, and by uniting 
public sentiment, and wisely directing it to proper na- 
tional objects, may fulfil the present happy anticipa- 
tions, and thus establish, on a firm basis, your own and 
vour country's happiness, honour and glory. 

J. MASON, 
in behalf of the inhabitants of 
the town of Portsmouth, 

The President's Answer. 
To the Committee from the town of Portsmouth. 

Fellow Citizens — Accept my best thanks for your 
kind reception, which is characterized by so many inter- 
esting circumstances. 

This general movement of my fellow citizens, and the 
expression of their regard, for the Chief Magistrate of 
the Nation, is not directed to me personally. My hum- 
ble services, give me no such claim. I see in it the 
strongest evidence of their attachment to the free gov- 
ernment under which we live, and of an enlightened, 
and expanded patriotism, from which, the happiest ef- 
fects may be anticipated. 

The regulation of commerce, has, as you justly re- 
mark, been confided by our excellent constitution to 
the general government. From the manner, in which 
that high trust has heretofore been discharged, the 
most salutary effects have been derived by every section 
of our happy union. Occasional depressions ought not 
to excite surprise. They are inseparably connected 
with human affairs. It is our happy lot, from the a- 
bundance of our resources, to experience no serious 
misfortune, from any that have yet occurred. The at- 
tention of the general government, in its several branch- 
es, will be constantly directed to this object, and as 
we have every reason to presume, with the desired 
success. 

It has been my proudest ambition, from early youth\ 

R2 



* . 



198 PRESIDENT'S TOUR* 

to serve my country, in such offices, as my fellow citi- 
zens have thought fit to confide to me. It will be my 
most consoling reward, when I retire from public life. 
to find, that my conduct has been such as to merit an<- 
obtain their approbation. 

JAMES MONROE. 

" The Portsmouth Regiment passed him in review at 
the hotel and paid him the marching salute. After a 
number of the. most respectable citizens had been in- 
troduced to him, he was escorted to his lodgings at Mr. 
Wentworth's in Jeffery street, by the Committee of Ar- 
rangements and Marshals. 

On Sunday morning the President attended divine 
service at St. John's church, and in the afternoon at the 
Rev. Mr. Putnam's meeting house. He also paid a 
visit to our revolutionary patriot, Gov. Langdort. 

The President visited the Navy Yard, and Forts in 
the harbour. Salutes were fired at his arrival and de- 
parture. 

In the evening he attended a Concert given by the 
Social Hannoniac Society, at Jefferson Hall, which was 
very elegantly decorated." 

The town of Portsmouth, is situated about two miles 
above the mouth of the river Piscataqua. It is the 
only sea port town in the state, which has but about 
fifteen miles of sea board in its whole territory. But 
as a compensation for its contracted limits upon the 
ocean, it may lay claim to one of the finest harbours 
which that, and the majestic rivers which embosom 
themselves in it, has formed upon the continent of A- 
merica. At this place was built the first ship of the Line 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 199 

in the American Navy that graced the surface of iti? 
native element ; and it bears " a name that strikes all- 
human titles rfeflrf"— -WASHINGTON.—Although 
Portsmouth is almost surrounded by flourishing com- 
mercial towns, it has, for nearly a century past, prose- 
cuted commerce to advantage. Its repeated sufferings 
by conflagration, has essentially checked its growth. 
$ut the overwhelming visitations of adversity have not, 
as yet, arrested the progress of that prosperity which is 
always within the reach of industry. Although this 
town will not rank with the great towns of what is em- 
phatically called " The Great Nation ;" yet, it is the ' 
capital of — " A state that yields to none in the Union, in 
attachment to the General Government." Vessels of the 
greatest burthen can reach the wharves in this town. 
It contains a state house, five houses of public worship, 
and, in 1810, its population was 7000. 

The President left Portsmouth upon the 15th July, 
and passed the Piscataqua, which landed him upon a 
section of Massachusetts, much larger, in point of terri- 
tory, than Massachusetts Proper. 

The District, once called the Provinceof Maine, is 
nearly two hundred miles square. It composes the 
northeast angle of the union. Upon the north, it has 
the British Province of Lower Canada — upon the east, 
the British Province of New-Brunswick — upon the 
south, the Atlantic. Being thus almost surrounded by 
a powerful enemy, it was, for a long time, during the last 
war, a portion of it, possessed by this enemy. Its citi- 
zens submitted to what was deemed imperious necessi- 
ty. The physical power of its patriotic citizens was 
sufficient to extirpate, if not to annihilate the enemy, 



WO PRESIDENT^ TUOiU 

r.hat, for a time, took from them the right of self-govern 
meat, and subjected them to the unacknowledged con- 
trol of a foreign potentate. By the military power of 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, it was thought 
inexpedient and unnecessary to attempt the expulsion 
of an enemy, whose head quarters at Castine, benefitted 
individual interest, more than their expulsion would 
have advanced national character. Much human blood 
was undoubtedly saved by permitting the enemy to re- 
main, for a long time, in peaceable possession of a por- 
tion of the American Republic. Castine was built ; 
individuals were enriched, and the national character 
was sufficiently supported at Pittsburgh, Bridge-water, 
Chippewa, New-Orleans, and Stonington. 

The limits of this work precludes a particular de« 
scription of the country. The ocean, in its expanded 
grandeur, is presented to the eye of the traveller. It 
expends the force of its surges upon the pebbled shore 
of the District of Maine. Her sons, feeling a rigid cli- 
mate at home, have sought " an home upon the deep" 
and have become the pride of the ocean. 

The Address delivered upon the borders of Maine, 
does credit to the classical elegance, and genuine pat- 
riotism of the Committee. 

" On his arrival at the shore, he was met by the 
Hon. John Holmes, and Hon. Albion K. Parris, mem- 
bers of Congress ; W. P. Prebble, Esq. District At- 
torney ; and several other gentlemen from various 
towns in the District, and was received with three 
ch°ers by a large concourse of citizens assembled on 
the banks of the river. The Hon. Mr. Holmes pre- 
sented him with the following Addrnss : 



president's tour. 201 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — As citizens of Maine, we take the liberty to 
meet the Chief Magistrate of the nation, on his enter- 
ing our District, and to pay him our respects. It be- 
ing the first time a President of the United States has 
visited this section of the country, it is a source of pe- 
culiar satisfaction, to meet and greet one, whose pri- 
vate virtues and public administrations have been so 
much, and so justly admired by the people of Maine. 

Permit us, Sir, for ourselves, and our friends, to 
congratulate you on your election as President, andt>id 
you a cordial welcome to this part of the Union ; to 
tender you our services to alleviate the fatigues of 
your journey, and our wishes and exertions, that all 
your labours for the public may be received with grat- 
itude, and crowned with success. 

Through the wisdom of yourself, and your co-patri- 
ots ; the patriotism of the people, and the favour of 
Heaven, you have the singular felicity to receive the 
voluntary homage of the nation, and to witness its peace, 
prosperit} r , freedom and happiness. 

This journey, like the journey of your life, is com- 
menced and pursued for the public good. Like that, 
its fatigues have been endured with patience, its ob- 
stacles overcome with perseverance, its storms en- 
countered with firmness, and its refreshing sunshines 
relished with equanimity and gratitude. In each, as 
y»u have advanced, vou have acquired additional ho- 
nour, reverence, and love. In your future progress in 
both, may your health be preserved, your country's 
prosperity and glory secured ; and the affections, con- 
fidence, and union of the people increased and confirm- 
ed. And when these respective journies shall be ended, 
and you shall return home, may you at the close of the 
one, be received in health and hnppiness to the embra- 
ces cf an affectionate family, and of the other, to the 
favour and fruition of Him, who will never fail to re- 
ward the great and the good. 



202 president's tour. 

" To which the President made an extemporaneous 
reply, and expressed " the high gratification"' he felt 
" in being thus met and received by gentlemen, for 
whose private virtues and public character he enter- 
tained so much respect." The President was then 
conducted to his carriage and proceeded to York, un- 
der an escort of Cavalry, followed by officers of the 
militia in uniform, and citizens on horseback and in 
carriages. On his arrival at that place, a federal salute 
was fired by the Company of Artillery, paraded for 
the occasion, commanded by Capt. Freeman. He was 
also met by the Committee of Arrangements, at the 
head of which was the venerable and respectable Judge 
Sewall, of the United States District Court, now in the 
eighty-second }^ear of his age. The venerable Judge 
in a short and appropriate address, for himself and in 
behalf of the citizens of York, bade him a hearty wel- 
come, to which the President made an affectionate re- 
ply. The President and suite then proceeded with the 
Judge, accompanied by the Committee of Arrange^ 
mentSj to his house, where they sat down to an excel- 
lent breakfast. At 9 o'clock, the President again com- 
menced his Tour, preceded by the cavalry and gene- 
ral officers of the division, and followed by a large ca- 
valcade of officers and citizens on horseback and in car- 
riages. At Wells, he was met by G. W. Walliugfonl, 
J. Storer, J. Dane, Esquires, and other gentlemen, the 
Committee of Arrangements from the towns of Wells and 
Arundel, in company with a large concourse of citi- 
zens. The Committee of Arrangements conducted the 
President to Jefferd's Hotel, in Kennebunk, where they 
presented to him a very appropriate written address. 



president's tour, 203 

Here also the President was met bv the Committee of 
Arrangements from the towns of Alfred and Sanford, and 
received an extempore address from the Hon. Mr. 
Holmes, their Chairman, congratulating him on his 
election, expressing confidence in his character and ad- 
ministration, and welcoming him to Maine. To these 
addresses, the President replied extemporaneously, 
thanking the gentlemen for their kindness and their at- 
tentions ; expressing great confidence in the permanen- 
cy of our republican institutions, and of the attachment 
of the people to the constitution and union of the States. 
These replies were made in the hearing of a large and 
respectable concourse of citizens, and were received 
with loud and repeated bursts of applause. 

From Jefferd's Hotel, the President proceeded on 
foot with his suite and several other gentlemen across 
the bridge over Mousum river, which had been taste- 
fully ornamented with an arch of evergreea. He thence 
proceeded to his carriage on foot through the principal 
street, across which waved a line of ensigns and stand- 
ards, and on the left of which was arranged the gentle- 
men, and on the right, the ladies of the village. From 
Kennebunk, the President proceeded with the escort 
and cavalcade to Biddeford ; near the line of which, 
he was received by the Hon. Judge Thacher, and 
other gentlemen, the Committee of Arrangements from 
that town, who also presented him an appropriate Ad- 
dress, to which he replied with usual readiness, and 
with pleasing effect. Here the escort and cavalcade 
received a very large accession of citizens, and pro- 
ceeded under the direction of Col. Lane, Chief Mar- 
shal, through the village, the President on horseback. 



204 FRES1DEXT*'S TOUR. 

to the line ofSaco, where he was received and welcom- 
ed by the Committee of Arrangements from the tow r n 
of Saco. On his arrival at the bridge leading into the 
village, which was handsomely ornamented with an arch 
of evergreen, he was raceived with a national salute 
from Capt. Cleaves' C- mpany of Artillery, and was 
welcomed by the hearty and repeated acclamations of 
the largest assemblage of citizens ever witnessed in 
that town, After being conducted to Cleaves' Hotel, 
the President was waited upon by the Selectmen of Sa- 
co, in their official capacity, who there presented to 
him, by order of the town, an address expressive of 
the sentiments and feelings of the town, voted, and 
adopted, in legal town meeting. To this address, the 
President made a satisfactory and dignified reply. Af- 
ter dining, the President proceeded with the escort and 
cavalcade through Scarborough to Westbrook At Scar- 
borough the citizens had erected in honour of the Pres- 
ident, an arch of evergreen across the highway, fanci- 
fully ornamented with roses, so arranged as to present, 
in large capitals, to the eye, the sentiment, " UNITED 
WE STAND." 

The President, under an escort of Cavalry, comman- 
ded by Maj. Trowbridge, arrived at Westbrook, about 
6 o'clock, Tuesday evening. The citizens had for two 
or three days before, busily employed themselves in dec- 
orating the bridge over which the President was to pass, 
as an expression of their respect for the first magistrate 
of the nation. Nineteen arches were thrown over it, 
dress ad with evergreen and roses, tastefully festooned, 
and connected by an evergreen wreath, one for each 
state, with the name of the state in large letters on the 



president's tour. 205 

nop of the arch.. A twentieth was erected as symboli- 
cal of the union. Surmounting this arch was another 
of a shorter chord and deeper curve, the base resting 
upon it, dressed like the first in evergreen, and was em- 
blazoned in front with nineteen brilliant stars. From 
the brow of the hill before the bridge, for some distance 
beyond, were planted ranges of small white pines, 
spruce, larch, &c. on each side of the way, exhibit- 
ing to the eye the appearance of a flourishing green 
hedge, and forming a beautiful mall for the distance of 
nearly a quarter of a mile. The whole produced a 
most pleasing and picturesque effect. 

As the President arrived at the brow of the hill, he 
alighted from his carriage, descended the declivity, and 
passed the bridge on foot. As he was passing under 
the arches, a national salute was fired from the hill 
above. 

A living Eagle, a native of our own forests, and the 
symbol of our martial prowess, perched on the summit 
of the twentieth arch, and under the canopy of stars, 
by which it was surmounted, apparently watching, with 
intense curiosity and surprise, the concourse of people 
passing under him, heightened in the bosom of every 
beholder, the interest of this lively spectacle. It was 
a delightful sight to behold this haughty monarch of the 
feathered tribe, the pride of the forest, encircled by the 
blaze of the stars he loves, stifling, for a moment, his 
untamed spirit of liberty ; and gratefully spreading his 
pinions, as the chief of the nation passed, which had 
chosen him from the whole range of animated nature, 
as the emblem of its glory and strength." 

S 



~06 president's tour. 

In this flattering manner, was the President received 
in this District, once more under the government of the 
Man of their choice, and conducted to Portland, the 
capital of this extensive territory. He was thus re- 
ceived in that place. 

44 At 6 o'clock in the afternoon the President arrived 
on the western border of the town, where he was met 
by the Committee of Arrangements, and a numerous 
cavalcade of citizens on horseback and in carriages. 
Isaac Adams, Esq. was immediately introduced and an- 
nounced to the President as the Chairman of the Com- 
mittee of Arrangements of the town of Portland, by 
Marshal Thornton, General Richardson and his suite at- 
tending. Whereupon Mr. Adams addressed the Presi- 
dent as follows : 

Sir — With the greatest satisfaction and sentiments 
of the highest respect, I perform the pleasing duty as- 
signed me by the Committee of Arrangements, of bid- 
ding the President of the United States, a cordial wel- 
come to the town of Portland, and request the favour 
of attending you to the house prepared for your recep- 
tion, where, by permission, the Committee will avail 
themselves of the opportunity of more fully expressing 
the feelings and sentiments entertained by themselves 
and their fellow townsmen on having the honour of a 
visit from the Chief Magistrate of the nation. 

"The President instantly signified his compliance ; 
left his carriage and made his entry into the capital of 
the District of Maine on horseback, according to pre- 
vious arrangements. 

When the President and the procession passed from 
Maine Street throughBack-streettoKing-street.as beau- 
tiful and as interesting: a scene was presented, as ever 

c ft " 



president's tour. 207 

was exhibited in this or any other place. The scholars 
belonging to the several schools, with their respective 
Instructors, each having an appropriate badge, were 
paraded on the westerly side ; many of the youths of 
both sexes were clad in tasteful uniforms, having their 
heads encircled with wreaths, formed of roses red and 
white, which some took off and presented to the illustri- 
ous Chief as he passed, and others scattered them in the 
street, so that his way became literally strewed with 
flowers. With this part of the arrangements, the Pres- 
ident was particularly interested and affected, manifest- 
ing to this portion of the rising generation, as he rode 
by, the most marked attention. 

In Middle-street, the Procession passed under a su- 
perb arch formed of evergreens, and decorated with the 
flag of the United States and the colours of various na- 
tions. On one side was represented Agriculture, on 
the other, Commerce, by a merchant ship, which fired 
a salute as the President approached. When the Presi- 
dent arrived at the head of High-street, he left the pro- 
cession with the Committee of Arrangements, who 
were received by the battalion of Light Infantry, com- 
posed of the Portland Light Infantry company, the Ri- 
fle company, and the Mechanic Blues, with the custo- 
mary salutes, and conducted him to the house prepared 
for his reception. The houses situated on the streets 
through which the procession passed, were filled with 
the fair, presenting at every door and window, inno- 
cence, beauty and elegance. The declining sun shed a 
bright lustre over the whole, and all the best feelings 
of the assembly were in unison with the harmony of 
nature* and the joy of the occasion. 



203 , president's tour. 

The committee of arrangements having been introdu- 
ced to the President, by their Chairman, in a short time 
he came out upon the steps of the portico, accompanied 
by the committee, when Mr. Adams addressed him as 
follows : 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The Committee of Arrangements wait on you, sir, 
in behalf of the citizens of Portland, on your arrival in 
this town, to tender you the homage due to the Chief 
Magistrate of a free Republic. 

A visit, for the first time, to this place, of a person- 
age of high distinction, who has so resently been elect- 
ed, under such favourable auspices, to wield the des- 
tinies of a great people, will be expected to excite no 
ordinary sensations. We see in your elevation to the 
Chief Magistracy, a fellow citizen of great experience 
in the policy of nations, and one, whose life has been 
spent in the service of his native country. We have 
ever been amongst those who have deemed experience 
to be the only correct source of political wisdom, and 
have never ceased to place a higher value upon its 
precepts, than upon the theories of imagination. 

Your Tour through the Union, evinces how highly 
vou appreciate the knowledge derived from your own 
observation, above the uncertain intelligence, collected 
from other sources. And the early period of your 
Presidential term, at which this Tour is commenced, 
augurs auspiciously to the great interest of our common 
country. May all your efforts to promote the honour 
and advance the prosperity of the nation, be duly ap- 
preciated by an enlightened and grateful people. 

Here, Sir, you behold a town, once a victim to the 
war of that revolution, in which you commenced your 
patriotic career. What you now see, is but the Phoe- 
nix from its ashes, reanimated and invigorated b} the 
vivifying influence of the Federal Constitution. To 
the fostering care of the general Government, to its 
protection and encouragement of commercial interests, 



president's tuuk. 209 

are we indebted for the prosperity we have enjoyed, 
and on its future protection aud encouragement must 
we rely, for the accomplishment of our best hopes. 

Permit us, Sir, to bid you welcome ; to present you 
with the respectful salutations of our fellow citizens. 
May your visit here, afford you some portion of that 
satisfaction it imparts to others. And be assured, that 
in all your exertions to promote the public welfare, you 
will be aided and supported by the patriotism of this 
section of the union. 

Under your administration, may our civil, religious 
and literary institutions be protected and encouraged ; 
commerce, agriculture and manufactures fostered and 
promoted, and that freedom and independence, which, 
in the field, you laboured to achieve, defended and pre- 
served. 

That your hands may be strengthened, and your 
heart encouraged, in the discharge of the high duties 
of your office ; we would commend you to the favour 
of that Being who is the fountain of all power and wis- 
dom, with our ardent aspirations to Him that your life 
may be long and happy ; that the u»ion of these States, 
our republican form of government, and the prosperity 
of our beloved country, may be perpetual. 
For the Committee of Arrangements, 

ISAAC ADAMS, Chairman. 

11 To which the President made an able, full and af- 
fectionate answer, stating the object of his Tour through 
the Union, which was intended to be principally devot- 
ed to subjects of a national and public nature, such as 
the situation of the public defence, both military and 
naval, and by personal observation to examine into the 
state of commerce, and other subjects of importance. 

In pursuing these objects, he had every where met 
with the most respectful attentions and friendly recep- 
tion. The manner of his being received in Portland, 
he spoke of as peculiarly so. He spoke of the great 

S 2 



?^ 



210 president's tour. 

importance of commerce, as it respected the country at 
large, and this section in particular, to encourage 
which, the institutions alluded to, and preserve, and 
maintain the Union, Independence, Freedom and pros- 
perity of the nation, would be his constant endeavour. 

On Wednesday morning, many citizens of this and 
other towns, and the Committee from Topsham, Bruns- 
wick, Bath, and Wiscasset, waited on the President at 
his lodgings, and were received with great urbanity and 
attention. 

At 4 o'clock, the President sat down to an elegant 
dinner, with a number of guests, among which, were 
the Committee of Arrangements, Gens. Dearborn, Swift, 
Miller, King, Wadsworth and Wingate ; Com. Bain- 
bridge, Col. House, and Maj. Crane ; T. G. Thornton, 
Esq. Marshal of Maine, William P. Preble, Esq. United 
States District Attorney, Hon. Messrs. Prentiss Mellen, 
Ezekiel Whitman, Benjamin Orr, John Holmes, M. L. 
Hill, A. K. Paris, Abel Wood, Benjamin Vaughan,Esq. 
and others whose names are not recollected. 

After the President retired from the table, Mr. Adams 
gave the following toast. 

Our illustrious Visitor— JAMES MONROE, Presi 

dent of the United States. 

At 6 o'clock, the President, attended by his suite, 
and a number of gentlemen, took a short ride into the 
country, and visited the village of Stroudwaier ; the 
bridge at this place had been most fancifully and ele- 
gantly decorated ; over which nineteen arches had 
been erected, representing the different States ; on one 



president's tour. 211 

arch alive eagle was perched. The municipal author- 
ity of VVestbrook waited on the President with the sa- 
lutations of their fellow citizens. The President left 
his carnage and proceeded across the bridge on foot; 
was highly delighted with the elegance in which it was 
ornamented, and expressed much satisfaction at the 
friendly manner ot his reception. 

On Thursday morning the President left town and 
took breakfast with Judge Thacher, in Biddeford. Here 
the venerable Deacon Samuel Chase, now in the 99th 
year of his age, waited on the President, and on being 
introduced, addressed him with the simplicity of a 
Christian, and the affection of a father. It was an inter* 
esting scene, especially when the good old man rose, 
and with all the dignity of an ancient patriarch, pronoun- 
ced his blessing." 

The interest of the President's visit at Portland, wag 
very much increased by receiving there the deputations 
from the towns of Bath, Wiscasset, Brunswick and Top- 
sham, and their addresses. As they were all in the 
same spirit, but one is inserted ; and the President's 
answer to the whole, is given, which shows his senti- 
ments upon the subject of Commerce. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — We leceived last evening, with much regret, 
the information that the imperious calls of duty, will 
prevent you from extending your journey beyond this 
town. Our regret, indeed, is greatly diminished by the 
kindness with which you received our invitation, and 
by the politeness with which you assigned your reasons 
for declining it. Little of public importance would be 



'21% PRESIDENT S TOtft. 

presented to your notice in Bath ; but much of private 
feeling, of ardent attachment, would be evinced toward 
the Chief Magistrate of the Union, whose public char- 
acter we have long been accustomed to respect, and 
whose private worth we have learned to admire. The 
prosperity of our town depends upon a free intercourse 
with foreign nations, and a proper limitation to the ad- 
mission of foreign vessels from ports which our vessels 
are not permitted to enter. The protection, afforded 
by garrisons and fortifications in time of war, is general- 
ly the result of preparation in time of peace. We rely, 
Sir, upon the generous regard you have exhibted for 
every section of our country, and upon the feeling* 
that prompted you to undertake this journey ; and, in 
placing this confidence, we are sure that our own pe- 
culiar interests will not be neglected. We feel grate- 
ful, Sir, that your journey has hitherto been so propi- 
tious, that you have met with no occurrence to diminish 
the pleasure you have derived in witnessing the attach- 
ment of your fellow citizens. 

Accept, Sir, our sincere wishes that your health may 
long continue, and that the remainder of your Tour may 
be as pleasant to yourself as it will be interesting to the 
Country. 



To the Committee from the towns of Bath, Wiscasset t 
Brunswick and Topsham. 

Fellow Citizens — I beg you to be assured, that it 
would afford me great and sincere pleasure, to proceed 
to the towns which you represent, and even to Castine, 
if imperious circumstances did not prevent it. I under- 
took this Tour, to acquire information by personal in- 
spection, of our principal harbours, of the entrances 
into them, of the state of the public works and of the 
points at which it might be proper to erect others, and it 
wa3 my object to embrace in it the Atlantic coast, to 
the extent mentioned, and the inland frontier, as far as 
Detroit. I now find, notwithstanding the exertions 
which I have made, that if I proceed further to the 
Eastward, I shall be compelled to abandon all the Wes- 



president's tour. 21o 

tern part of my contemplated Tour, or be thrown on 
the lakes at an unfavourable season ; and shall likewise 
be detained from the seat of Government, longer than 
a due regard, for other important national interests will 
permit. I regret, therefore, to be compelled by these 
considerations, to terminate my Tour eastward, here ; 
considerations which will, I doubt not, have their due 
weight, with you, and my other fellow citizens of the 
District of Maine. 

I am happy to meet here, deputies from so many of 
the towns, to the eastward, because, from you, 1 shall 
receive much information, touching your local interest, 
which will be useful. I shall pay to it the utmost at- 
tention in my power. 

I am aware, that the prosperity of the towns in this 
District, and I may extend the remark to the United 
States, depends on the prosperous state of their com- 
merce. Nothing is more just, than, that our trade with 
foreign powers, should be placed, in every branch, on 
a footing of reciprocal and equal advantage. It gives 
me pleasure to state, that this important interest, has, 
already, received the considerations of the national 
councils, and that I have no doubt it will continue to be 
duly attended to, until it is placed on a just and satisfac- 
tory footing. 

On all the great concerns of this highly favoured and 
happy nation, there is but one common interest. We 
are all equally interested in preserving our present re- 
publican government and institutions, in their utmost 
purity ; we are all equally interested in adopting suit- 
able measures ofdefence, land and naval ; and in the pro- 
per protection and encouragement of our commerce ; 
and it is highly gratifying to me, to witness, in the whole 
extent of my Tour, that, great harmony of opinion pre- 
vails on all these imuortant occasions 

JAMES MONROE. 

The town of Portland was formerly called Falmouth. 
It is worth v of remark, that most of the large towns 
upon the seaboard of New England, have taken their 



-214 _ president's tour. 

names from Old England, as New-London. Newport, 
Boston, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Falmouth, fyc Portland 
is situated upon a peninsula in the bay of Casco. Its 
growth has been rapid ; and is, at present, a very hand- 
some town. The buildings are of modern construction, 
and show the improving state of architecture in the 
country. It has escaped the calamity of fire, which 
has so often visited its neighbouring towns. But it can- 
not be forgotten, that the burning system of warfare, in 
the revolutionary war, reduced it to ashes. It is united 
to the adjacent country by extensive bridges ; is well 
defended ; carries on an active trade, and shows the 
difference between a retrogading, a stationary, and a 
progressive place. It was the easternmost town the 
President visited, although he expressed his regret that 
he could not prosecute his journey to Castine. In pas- 
sing thus far in this district, the President must have 
been convinced that a spirit of industry and commerce, 
will present to the eye of the traveller many evidences 
of wealth in a country which can lay but little claim to 
fertility, when compared to the astonishingly produc- 
tive regions of the south and the west. The lumber 
trade to the West Indies, and to many of the ports in 
the Republic, has b ?en prosecuted with great vigour 
from Portland. Its population is over 7000. 

The reverend clergy of this place and its vicinity, 
did not omit to tender their respect to the President. 
Thev did not, like the Romish clergy, in addressing 
the Pope, or the En-lish clergy in addressing the King, 
consider him ae the temporal head of the church, or the 
vicegerent of Deity upon earth ; but they address- 
ed him as the bead of the Civil State, which, although 



^RESIDENT'S T0UR. 215 

it acknowledges no political union with the church, yet 
the church, in the exercise of all its privileges, enjoys 
its constant protection. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The Ministers of the Lord Jesus Christ, of the 
different denominations, in Portland and vicinity, amid 
the congratulations of their fellow citizens, would now, 
in a body, tender their respectful and Christian saluta- 
tions ; opening to you their bosoms, reverend Sir, and 
imploring on you the Divine presence, guidance and 
support, as the father of a great and happy people ; 
that you may have, in continuance, a prosperous jour- 
ney, by the will of God, through the northern and wes- 
tern parts of these United States, a safe return to the 
capital, and to the bosom of your family ; that the morn- 
ing of your Presidency being a morning without clouds, 
which has thrown such a lustre upon our public affairs, 
and occasioned such surprising harmony in public feel- 
ings, may indeed be as the shining light which shineth 
more and more unto the perfect day. 

And when, Sir, your hands are heavy under the 
weight of a Nation's care, be assured the intercessions 
of our closets, and our altar9, (animated by the grateful 
remembrance of your presence amongst us) shall be al- 
ways going up to the Mercy seat in your behalf; through 
your instrumentality, the beauty of the Lord our God 
may be upon us, and his glory appear to our children. 
And having served your generation according to the will 
of God in a good old age, and full of days, and of hon- 
ours, may you be gathered unto the illustrious fathers, 
who rest from their public labours, and enter with them 
into heavenly glory. 

The President's reply, as near as can be recollected. 

Gentlemen, 

Among the numerous tokens of respect, which 
have been shown me by my fellow citizens during nay 
present Tour, undertaken to advance the public inter 



216 president's tour. 

est, I have received none more grateful than the one I 
now receive from you, the ministers of our Lord and 
Saviour. Be assured, that the kind sentiments of your 
affectionate address, especially those which regard my 
person, are warmly reciprocated. 

A proper reverence for our Maker, and indeed reli- 
gion in general, leaving all men however, free to act 
agreeable to the dictates of their own consciences, will 
ever meet my approbation and support. 

I am sensible, gentlemen, that I cannot do justice to 
your address in this summary reply. I must therefore 
conclude by repeating to you the assurance of my great 
satisfaction in receiving this testimony of your regard, 
and by requesting you to accept my thanks for your 
respectful and Christian salutations. 

The President left Portland upon the 17th, and again 
entered the state of New-Hampshire. 

" He was received at the line of the State, by the 
Committee, conducted by the Marshals and select es- 
cort, when the following address was made him by the 
Hon. Mr. Durell. 

Mr. President, 

In the progress of your national visit you confer an 
additional honour upon New Hampshire, by this day 
re-entering the first State upon the records of our 
union. 

Your fellow citizens of the vicinity eagerly seized 
the occasion for again paying their respects to the Chief 
Magistrate of a great and happy nation. 

We cheeriully present you, Sir, the tribute of our 
most affectionate regards, and pray you to accept it, as the 
pledge of our veneration and esteem^both for yourself 
and for the government over which you are called to 
preside. 






The President was then escorted by the principal 



president's tour. 217 






inhabitants of Dover, a part of Capt. Lyman's troop, 
from Rochester and Milton, under the command of Col. 
Edward Sisc, and a great cavalcade of citizens, to this 
town. On his arrival, he received a national salute 
from the artillery. After passing a few moments at 
Wyatt's Inn, (he President, attended by his suite, pro- 
ceeded to an eminence arranged for the purpose, near 
Col. Cogswell's, decorated with the rural simplicity of 
evergreen and roses, where he was addressed by the 
Hon. Mr. Atkinson, as follows : 

Mr. President, 

Sir — Forming a small but component part of the great 
nation over which you preside, permit us in behalf of 
the inhabitants of the ancient town of Dover, to express 
the lively sensibility, with which it receives within its 
borders, a personage so distinguished, in obtaining and 
perfecting the independence of our common country. 

Believe us, sir, we duly appreciate }^our eminent ser- 
vices, in the various, high and honourable departments^ 
assigned you by the public voice. These we consider 
as the surest pledges of love of country. These must 
receive the gratitude of the nation ; your best reward ; 
indeed. Sir, you now receive it. 

As to ourselves, we enter into no competition with 
other places, in external demonstrations of respect ; 
yet, sir, we beg leave to assure you that the interest 
we take in your happiness, as well on your own account, 
as for the high and honourable station to which you 
have been called by the voice of your fellow citizens, 
is no less sincere than theirs. 

We have no fortifications, no attractions, for youi 
view. Our pursuits are principally agricultural. The 
little commerce which we had, has suffered the de- 
pression incident to that on the Atlantic shore. We 
turn in part to domestic manufactures. 

We now give you, sir, 'tis all we can. a most cordial 

T 



2io president's tour. 

welcome to this part of New Hampshire. A similar 
pleasure has been unknown to her citizens, except in 
the instance of one of your illustrious predecessors, 
whose arms you followed in youthful life, in the peril- 
ous, but glorious contest for the freedom of your coun- 
try. 

We humbly implore the Great Parent of the Universe, 
with whom is the destiny of nations, to take you into 
His hory keeping ; that under your auspices and fos- 
tering care, this great, free and independent nation 
may increase in splendour, and its government be ad- 
ministered for the best interest of its citizens ; that 
your health may be preserved and invigorated by your 
present Tour, and that you may have a happy return 
to the bosom of your friends and family. We wish 
you long life, health, and a prosperous administration. 

" To this address, the President made an elegant, 
appropriate and particular answer. He with great 
modesty, observed, that he considered this attention not 
paid to him as an individual, but to his office : that he 
had little or no claim for the services that he had been 
enabled to perform towards the happiness of the nation ; 
thatihe depression of our commerce ought to be borne 
with fortitude, and must have been expected on the re- 
turn of peace ; that he felt himself honoured by the at- 
tentions paid him in this section of the union, and uni- 
ted with us in fervent prayer that our government might 
be administered for the best interest of the nation. 

The President and suite, were then escorted back 
to Wyatfs inn, by the Committee, with whom he dined, 
and soon after, he gratified a great concourse of attend- 
ing citizens by making his appearance in our streets. 
He passed the evening and night with the Hon. Mr. Hale, 
who invited many respectable citizens and ladies to 



president's tour. 219 

spend the evening, and they were introduced to the 
President, and were highly gratified with his dignified 
affability." 

Much regret was expressed by some, and many ac- 
rimonious censures were bestowed by others, that the 
Executive of New Hampshire did not follow the exam- 
ple of the governour of Massachusetts in ordering out 
an escort for the President through every town in the 
state. Governour Plumer was aware, that the .author- 
ity of Governour Brooks upon this subject, wag deriv- 
ed from a special resolution of the Massachusetts legis- 
lature. He could not, constitutionally, call out the mi- 
litia, nor draw forth the treasures of the state, to give an 
artificial splendour to the reception of the man he so 
highly esteemed and respected ; and were he to have 
expressed a wish upon the subject, no doubt but he 
would prefer to have the patriotic people over whom 
he presided, manifest their admiration of their belovejl 
chief, by their spontaneous and voluntary civilities, ra- 
ther than by the formal respect enjoined by statute. 
"Severe indisposition" inhibited him from tendering 
his personal respects. 

The following is Gov. Plumed s Letter to the President. 
NEW-HAMPSHIRE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

EPPING, JULY 18, 1817. 

Dear Sir — It is to me a subject of much regret, 
that in your Tour through New-Hampshire, I have 
been unable to pay you that respectful attention, and 
those personal civilities, which I consider due both 
to your private character and official station. You 
were verbally informed, while at Portsmouth, of my 



i20 president's tour, 

severe indisposition : and I am now obliged to add, that 
I am still confined to my chamber and bed, by an at- 
tack of the typhus fever, which has not yet, I fear, 
reached its crisis. This unfortunate event has depriv- 
ed me of the satisfaction of a personal interview with 
you ; and prevented me from receiving a visit at this 
place, with which I had flattered myself you would 
have honoured me. 

A military escort having been called out by the Go- 
vern aurs of some of the states, to accompany you 
through those parts of the country, I was desirous that 
the same tribute of respect, should be paid you on your 
passage through New-Hampshire. The power to call 
out such an escort seemed, at first view, incident to 
the nature of my office as Commander in Chief of the 
militia ; yet so accurately is this command defined, and 
so cautiously restricted, by the prudence, or the jeal- 
ousy of our State constitution, that 1 have authority at 
no time to order out the militia, except for certain 
known objects particularly designated in the constitu- 
tion, and by the laws enacted under it. I have thought 
proper to make this statement, both in justice to my- 
self, and to the state over which I preside ; a state 
which yields to none in the union, either in attachment 
to the general government, or in respect to the distin- 
guished individual, who with its full consent and appro- 
bation, has been raised to the first office in the gift of 
the nation. 

This letter will be delivered to you, by the Secreta- 
ry of State. Had my health permitted, I should have 
taken great pleasure in waiting upon you in person, 
during the time you remained in this State, and in sug- 
gesting some objects of inquiry, which might perhaps 
have merited your attention in this part of our common 
country. But in my present condition, I can only add 
my sincere congratulations, and my best wishes for the 
success of your administration, which has commenced 
under circumstances peculiarly favourable to yourself, 
and our beloved country. 

! have the honour to be, with the highest persona! 
■ 



tfllES (DENT'S TOUft. 22 t 

respect and esteem, dear Sir, your most obedient, hum 
ble servant. 

WILLIAM PLUMER. 

James Monroe, President of the 

United States, now at Concord, JV". H. 

The President left Dover upon the 18th, and passed 
through a country thronged with a population delighted 
at beholding a statesman, whose character they vene- 
rated, and under whose administration they feel the 
strongest assurances that they shall realize the fondest 
anticipations of happiness resulting from a correct ad- 
ministration of our excellent government. With his 
suite, the President arrived at Concord upon the 18th u 

I exceedingly regret that I could not obtain the ad- 
dress of the citizens of Concord, to the President, and 
his answer to the same, that they might have been in- 
serted in this work. But it may be remarked that the 
people of this place, and its immediate vicinity, gave the 
President a sincere and cordial welcome. The civil 
and military authorities were active upon the occasion. 
They vied with each other in demonstrations of respect 
to the man they all admired. The President, having 
seen life in all the splendour with which it is adorned 
in European courts, and in all the unaffected dignity 
with which it is surrounded in the American Republic 9 
knew well how to appreciate the convincing evidence 
of sincere respect which he here witnessed. 

Since the publication of the first edition of this work., 
I have obtained the brief and handsome address of th^ 
citizens of Concord, which follows, 

T 2 



222 president's tour, 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — Permit us, as the organ of the citizens of Con- 
cord, to express the high satisfaction we feel, in be- 
holding the President of the United States in our vil- 
lage, and in having an opportunity to present you our 
most respectful acknowledgments for the distinguished 
honour. 

All hearts, Sir, bid you welcome. We deem it a pe- 
culiarly happy circumstance, that in discharging the 
important duty, of examining the works of defence, on 
our exterior lines, you witness universal eagerness and 
cordiality, in the salutations you receive in every 
place you visit. Upon this auspicious occasion, party 
feelings are buried — and buried, we would hope, for 
ever. A new era, we trust, is commencing. The 
leading measures of the general government, accord 
remarkably with the views and principles of all parties ; 
and your private as well as public character, furnish us 
a pledge that you will endeavour to make your adminis- 
tration a blessing to our country. And we pray God to 
grant you success, and have you under his holy keeping, 

Accept, Sir, our best wishes, that your present Tour 
may be eminently useful to the nation, both in afford- 
ing them security against their enemies, and union 
imong themselves. 

THOMAS W. THOMPSON, 
Chairman of the Committee, 

My 18th, 1817. 

The President returned an extemporaneous answer, 
with his usual facility and dignity. At dinner, his toast 
was announced : — 

The town of Concord — May its inhabitants continue 
5 flourish and prosper. 

Gen. Swift, who had constantly attended the Presi- 
dent from Baltimore to Portland, there took his leave 
of him, and the gallant Gen. Miller, the hero of New 
Hampshire, filled his place in the President's suite. 






president's Tour.. 223 

The little town of Concord is not destitute of attrac 
lions. It is situated upon the river Merrimack, fifty 
miles above Portsmouth. The Legislature of " the 
first State upon the records of the Union" have here ex- 
ercised the important functions of legislating for a State, 
which, in relation to the objects of government, like 
that of her sister States, is " sovereign and indepen- 
dent." This town is handsomely built, and the im- 
mediate vicinity of it, evinces the perseverance, the 
wealth, and the taste of its inhabitauts. In a cold, but 
healthy climate, its hardy sons, blessed with a free gov- 
ernment, exclusive owners of the soil they cultivate, 
have given to the face of the earth, an appearance of 
fertility, equal to the most productive regions. The 
town of Concord contains 2400 inhabitants, and the 
necessary public buildings for enacting laws, and admin^ 
istering justice. 

The following animated description of his passage 
from Concord to Hanover, and his reception there, is 
from a public print. 

" The President and his suite, composed of Mr. Ma- 
son, his private secretary, Consul Ware, and Col. Sul- 
livan, of Boston, left Concord early on the 21st, tra 
veiled with great rapidity, and arrived at Lebanon at 4 
o'clock, P. M. where he was met by the Committee of 
Arrangements for Hanover, and the adjacent towns ; 
when Mr. Olcott, Chairman, addressed the President 
in a style courteous and eloquent ; bidding him a hearty 
welcome, and informing him of the preparations which 
had been made for receiving him. At Lebanon Vil- 
lage, he left his carriage, and passed on horseback 



524 president's tour. 

through a vast body of citizens who had formed for the 
purpose of paying their respects to the Chief Magis- 
trate of the nation. At the same village he was met by 
a numerous cavalcade, consisting of Captains Hogedon 
and Page's companies of Cavalry, under Major Lang. 
all the officers of the 23d regiment, under Lieut. Col. 
Perkins, and a great number of private citizens, all 
under the direction of Col. Poole, Chief Marshal. 

At six o'clock his approach to the village of Dart- 
mouth was announced by the roar of cannon, and oth- 
er demonstrations of joy. Although the road wag 
shrouded in clouds of dust, he condescended to leave 
his carriage, and make his entry on horseback for the 
sake of gratifying an immense crowd of spectators, who 
lined the streets, and thronged the yards and windows 
of the houses. He was received bv a company of 
Light Infantry, under Capt. Converse, and saluted by 
Capt. Carpenter's company of Artillery. 

Near the meeting-house he dismounted, and passed 
through a line extending quite across the College Green, 
composed of the officers and Students of the Literary 
Institution, Rev. Clergy, private citizens, among whom 
were several strangers of distinction, and a beautiful 
oroup of young misses and masters, fancifully ornamen- 
ted with garlands of evergreen and roses. 

The Dartmouth Hotel was elegantly decorated and 
Stted up for the reception of its illustrious visitor. 

After an introduction to a number of gentlemen, and 
the usual salutations, the President made his appear- 
ance on the piazza, in front of the Hotel, where the fol- 
lowing address was read to him by Col. Brewster of 
the Committee of Arrangements " 



president's tour. 225 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — In behalf of the citizens of Hanover, and the 
adjacent towns, we beg leave respectfully to tender to 
you our sincere congratulations on your safe arrival at 
this place. 

Averse as we are in our feelings and habits from any 
parade, inconsistent with the simplicity of our republi- 
can institutions, we are happy that the Tour of your 
Excellency, undertaken for the promotion of objects of 
great national importance, affords us an opportunity of 
bidding you a cordial welcome to the banks of the Con- 
necticut, and the verge of the Green Mountains—the seat 
of one of those Literary Institutions by which our coun- 
tr}* is highly benefitted, and honourably distinguished. 
A seminary which a few years since Mas planted in a 
wilderness, can exhibit to you no venerable antiquities, 
no proud monuments of the arts, yet it cannot fail to be 
regarded by you with interest, on account of its relations 
to the principles and permanence of our government. 

We are happy to offer personally, that respect which 
is due to your elevated station, your eminent public 
services and private virtues. It contributes, in no 
small degree, to the pleasure we enjoy on this occasion, 
that we meet the Chief Magistrate of the United States 
in the style of a private citizen, distinguished from the 
rest of the community, by none of the ordinary badges 
of authority, and depending on no safeguards, but the 
o;ood wishes of his fellow citizens. 

We deem it singularly fortunate, that we see amongst 
us, for the first time, a Chief Magistrate of the nation, 
under circumstances peculiarly calculated to inspire 
feelings of satisfaction and joy. A new and auspicious 
era seems to have commenced in our country. At the 
close of a war, in which our prowess in arms shed new 
lustre on the American republic ; a spirit of peace and 
harmony prevails among us. A national feeling is ex- 
cited, which must be productive of the happiest conse- 
quences. The unexampled progress of our country, 
within the last thirty years, in population and refine- 
ment ; the improvements in agriculture and manufac- 



226 president's tour. 

tures ; the happiness enjoyed by the people of the 
United States under the benign influence of the Fed- 
eral constitution ; all contribute to strengthen the ties 
of union, and give stability to our excellent political in- 
stitution?. 

We sincerely congratulate you, Sir, that your elec- 
tion to the first office in the gift of your fellow citizens 
has occurred at a period «o auspicious and interesting ; 
under circumstances which not only evince the hi^h 
sense which is entertained of your patriotism, zeal and 
fidelity, but furnish a sure guarantee of the impartiality 
and wisdom of your administration. 

That the blessings of Heaven may attend you through 
life ; that you may have the pleasure of seeing our be- 
loved country prosperous and happy mder your aus- 
pices ; and when i shall tire from the cares of 
public life, that you rr be folli i in*o retirement 
by the esteem and affection of a virtuous and grateful 
people, is the ardent vish of those in whose behalf wp 
have the honour of addressing you. 

REPLY. 

Fellow 7 Citizens — Your congratulations are the 
more acceptable, because thev are the heart-felt ex- 
pressions of your attachment to our inestimable form of 
government. 

I have not the. pretension, to arrogate to myself, the 
emotion of the sentiment my presence awakens. It re- 
calls to you your form of government, and the exalted 
civil and religious principles you so eminently enjoy. 
The contemplation of these, and the security you feel 
in the continuance of such rich possessions fills you 
with gratitude. 

The recollections of the trials of our country, and 
the honourable rank to which these have raised her, 
inspires a laudable pride in your nation's honour, and 
it is to give utterance to these sentiments and the emo- 
tions they excite, that such public demonstrations of 
respect are rendered to the Chief Magistrate of the 
country. I participate in the sentiment ; I sympathize 



president's tour. 227 

with you in these emotions ; I cannot, therefore, but 
take a deep interest in the literary seminary of this 
place ; for such institutions will long supply successive 
generations of wise and virtuous men, who will know 
how to estimate and preserve the blessings of civil lib- 
erty, that their fathers shall bequeath to them. 

It is an epoch like the present, when an honourable 
peace leaves no question to agitate the public, that 
through institutions like yours, the expanded benevo- 
lence, and high sense of national honour, which are es- 
sential to public virtue, should be every where diffused 
as a means of union. These cannot fail to produce 
that national feeling, from which you anticipate such 
happy results. 

I cannot but acknowledge your expressions of per- 
sonal regard and respect. That the blessings you in- 
voke on me, may abundantly descend on yourselves and 
your children for many generations, is truly my sincere 
and ardent wish. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Upon reaching Hanover, the President was again 
upon the banks of the Connecticut river. A few weeks 
previous, he had explored the country upon both shores 
of it from Middletown, in Connecticut, to Springfield, in 
Massachusetts. He was there delighted with its beau- 
ty, gratified at beholding large and flourishing towns 
upon its banks, and a country in the highest state of 
cultivation. He was here two hundred miles from its 
mouth, and saw but little diminution in its size, and but 
little inferiority in point of fertility. In viewing this 
stream, he might well have exclaimed in the finished, 
poetic language of Barlow, 

" Nor drinks the sea a lovlier wave than thine.' 1 
Although Hanover would always be admired for the 
natural beauty of its situation, and the taste there dis- 



228 president's tour. 

played ; yet it derives its principal consequence from 
the University there established. 

The birth of poets, statesmen, and warriors, imparts 
a consequence to the place of their nativity. Mantua 
and Virgil — Geneva and Rosseau — Stratford and Shake- 
speare, are always associated. An equal, and perhaps 
a superior consequence is imparted to places from the 
establishment of Literary Institutions. Cambridge, 
Oxford, Edinburgh, Leyden,&c. in Europe—Cambridge, 
New-Haven, Princeton, Hanover, &c. in America, can- 
not be mentioned without an instant recollection that 
science and literature have been acquired in their Aca- 
demic bowers. 

The citizens of Hanover modestlv confessed to the 
President that " a seminary "which a few years since was 
planted in a wilderness, can exhibit to you no venerable 
antiquities ; no proud monuments of the arts." This in- 
teresting university owes its origin to the almost ro- 
mantic philanthrophy of Doct. Whcelock, its first Pres- 
ident. " Moore's Charity School" was commenced by 
him in Connecticut for the purpose of teaching the ab- 
origines of America, science and Christianity. The 
attempt was noble ; its success was trifling. The 
school was removed to the wilds of Hanover. Her 
forests, which had before excluded the rays of the sun, 
were, by the labours of art, and the sun of science, 
converted into a fertile plain. The munificence of 
Lord Dartmouth, and the unyielding perseverance of 
President Wheelock, soon graced the plain with ' Dart- 
mouth University.' It would be unpardonable when 
speaking of this university, to pass in silence over the 
Medical School attached to it. The theoretical set 



president's tour. ~~9 

ence and extensive practice of Nathan Smith, M. D. 
has given to it a coasequence which nothing but talents 
like his can impart to a medical establishment. He 
brought into it the acquirements of a scholar, whose 
mind was enriched by the scientific instruction of the 
medical faculty of America and Europe. His numer- 
ous pupils, in different parts of our country, are adminis- 
tering that relief for the calamities incident to man, which 
correct science, and scientific practice only can afford. 
This school, this instructor, and these pupils, will long 
be remembered by the once afflicted, and now restored 
sons of pain and sorrow. 

The reception of the President here, to say the least, 
was handsome. The citizens gave him the welcome, 
which was the effect of sincere respect. Me recipro- 
cated it in a manner which shews that he knew how to 
appreciate the cordiality of the heart. 

Amidst the congratulations of a multitude, and the 
courteous civility of the refined, the President could 
not forget to pay his respects to Mrs. Wheelock, the 
wife ofthe first President of the University here. This 
venerable matron resided at Trenton, N. Jersey, when 
he received his wounds there. With the affecting 
sensibility of female benevolence, she watched over the 
couch ofthe wounded Monroe ; administered the re- 
lief she could afford to a then gallant youth, who all 
but died in the cause of his injured country. Her gal 
lant grandson, Gen. Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, es 
caped by miracle from death in the same cause in the 
last war, at Fort Erie. She has lived to see two 
wars gloriously terminated, in both of which the inde- 
pendence of her native country was defended, support 

U 



\ 



230 PRESUME NT'S i'uUlu 

ed, and established by the battle array ot republican 
soldiers in the tented field. It is on occasions like this, 
that the heart melts into tenderness, and forgets the 
evanescent splendour which is attached to exalted rank. 
The President, amidst his public avocations, "though 
he thought as a sage, he felt like a man." Through his 
whole Tour, he sought after his revolutionary compat- 
riots, historical recollection, and personal experience, 
enabled him, in retrospect, to review the scenes through 
which his countrymen had passed for nearly half a cen- 
tury. He saw many a wounded patriot surrounded by 
an happy progeny, enjoying the blessings acquired by 
the toil and courage of their ancestors. 

Amidst the regulated forms, and the fashionable style 
of modern etiquette, the President was received by 
one of the Shaking Quakers, at Enfield, N. H. in a 
style of plain hospitality, which comes directly home to 
^ men's business and bosoms." The Elder, in all the 
majesty of conscious integrity, approached the Presi- 
dent, and said, *' I James Goodrich, welcome James 
Monroe to our habitation." This must have been the 
language of the heart, which can neither be ornament- 
ed by the flourishes of rhetoric, nor degraded by the 
sneers of formality. 

Upon the 23d, the President crossed the Connecti- 
cut, and arrived at Norwich, in Vermont. This State, 
tor some years, was the youngest sister in the American 
family. Its name, Ver Mons, is a description of its 
surfice. The Green Mountain makes a natural divi- 
sion of the State into the Eastern and Western sections 
of it. The streams originating in this beautiful range 
of hills, flow eastward toward the Connecticut, and 



president's tour. 231 

westward toward the Hudson. The remark may not be 
inapposite, that the inhabitants of a hill country have 
an elevation of sentiment, and an ardour of feeling, not 
common with the people of the plains. The Highland- 
ers of Scotland, the Tyrolese, and the Swiss, have 
achieved deeds of glory, which, for centuries, had se- 
cured the admiration of the world. The " Green 
Mountain Boys" of Vermont, in the most desperate 
struggle that ever engaged men in the great cause of 
emancipation from despotic power, were amongst the 
first to "breast the shock" in the revolutionary con- 
test. 

"The President passed through Norwich to the 
Copperas works in Stafford ; viewed them ; and on 
his leaving the copperas mine, he was conducted through 
Stafford hollow, where he was met by a considerable 
number of the citizens ; received and returned their 
compliments. From thence he was escorted back to 
Norwich, and alighted at Curtis's Hotel, where he was 
met by a number of citizens, and presented with the 
following Address : 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — A few citizens of Vermont, upon your first en 
trance on the borders of the State, present you a united 
and hearty welcome. 

With the liveliest emotions of duty we meet, for the 
first time, a Chief Magistrate of the union within our 
territory. An emulation to pay respectful attention to 
the ruler of our nation, appointed by our own choice, 
under a constitution so eminently calculated for individ- 
ual security, for individual interests, and national hap-^ 
piness ; a spontaneous burst of joy among all classes of 
our citizens, at the visit of the President of these United 



23~ president's tour. 

States, are the best pledges a free people can present 
to a Chief Magistrate, of their contentment with the 
laws, and the operation of them in the government un- 
der that constitution, and their confidence in the admin- 
istration. 

This emulation, joy, and confidence we tender you, 
Sir ; and in Vermont, it is believed, you will find every 
where these sentiments ; as you have before this, on 
your present Tour, experienced them in other sec- 
tion? of the union. 

These testimonials we present you, sir, in behalf of 
our fellow citizens. 

To which the President was pleased to return a ver- 
bal answer, expressive of his satisfaction in meeting hi? 
fellow citizens." 

The President and suite, with a number of other gen- 
tlemen, then partook of a dinner, prepared by Mr. 
Curtis, iti a handsome style. After dinner, the Presi- 
dent was introduced to a circle of ladies, collected while 
the company were dining, for the purpose of seeing 
him : he was also introduced to a large number of chil- 
dren of the neighbourhood. The company, men, wo- 
men, and children, were highly gratified at the sight 
and introduction of the President. He staid in the 
place about two hours, and then bid the company an af- 
fectionate farewell, and left .Norwich for Windsor. He 
was escorted on his way by a considerable number of 
patriotic citizens as far as Lyman's Bridge, on which 
he crossed into Lebanon, New-Hampshire,' 



)j 



It would be a "delightful task" to describe the 
charming country upon botli banks of the Connecticut, 
from Hanover to Windsor: but prescribed limits for* 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 2 

bids the gratification of ray wishes. The President, 
although horn in the fertile regions of the South, could 
not suppress his admiration at the flourishing and pro- 
ductive state of the country upon this river. Numer- 
ous and elegant bridges unite two states together, bor- 
dering upon the banks of it, and facilitate communication 
between the citizens of them. There was a cordial fa- 
miliarity in the reception the people gave the Presi- 
dent, which shew that, although he was their admired 
Chief 'Magistrate, they knew also that he derived his 
power from them. 

His reception at Windsor, evinced the animation 
of the people in beholding a Chief, who fought in the 
revolutionary war, and whose measures, in the public- 
departments of the nation, so essentially contributed to 
the defence of Vermont "in the last war. 

" The arrival of the President of the United States and 
suite, in this town, was announced by a national salute 
from the artillery, and the ringing of bells. He was 
received at the bridge, by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments, and escorted, under the direction of Capt. Tho 
mas, as Marshal of the day, by the Jefferson Artillery, 
commanded by Capt. Cochrane, through a long line 
of citizens assembled to welcome his arrival, to Pettes' 
Coffee House, where an address was delivered by Mr. 
Dunham, in behalf of the Committee, to which he made 
an eloquent and impressive reply. He was then con- 
ducted to his apartment, where he received the con- 
gratulations of the citizens." 

U 2 



xi34 president's Tour*, 

To the President of the United States, at Windsor, Ver- 
mont. 

Sir — It is with equal pleasure and pride that the 
citizens of Windsor, so remote from the seat of govern- 
ment, embrace this opportunity of tendering to you in 
person, the homage of their profound respect ; a hom- 
age not the less becoming the occasion, since it is the 
best tribute which freemen can offer, and which the 
President of the United States alone, of all the world, 
from a free people can receive. 

The state of Vermont, Sir, after having alone, and 
successively borne a signal share in the heat and bur- 
den of our revolutionary labours, was the first to appre- 
ciate the importance of our federal compact, and to so- 
licit admission into the national union. Under that 
compact, Sir, in the sanctuary of that union, we are free 
— we are protected — we are flourishing and happy. 
Our mountains echo with the cheerful voice ofindustrv 
and security ,• our vailies smile with abundance and 
peace. These blessings are dear to our hearts. We 
habitually cherish them as inseparable from our exist- 
ence. In their defence, Sir, we have bled ; and we are 
still ready, should our countr\ r call, to bleed again- 

In this Tour, undertaken through a remote section 
ofthe union, for the additional security of our growing 
republic, you have an opportunity to become intimate- 
\y acquainted with our local feelings — our local inter- 
ests — our republican spirit — but above all, our unshak- 
en attachment to our national government, and our na- 
tional institution?. 

We feel ourselves flattered bv this first visit from the 
chief magistrate of our nation, and in beholding your 
fere, we behold a new pledge for the continuance of our 
invaluable blessings. 

Placed. Sir, as you have fortunately been, in the ex- 
ecutive chair, by the almo?t unanimous voice of our 
country, at an auspicious moment, when peace is agaia 
restored ; when the loud din of party collision is dying 
away, and when a general tranquillity seems pervading 
the world, we offer you our felicitations on the plea? 



president's tour. 235 

rag event. And while we rejoice in your opportunity, 
we rely on your wisdom, to co-operate with our en- 
lightened patriots and legislators, in strengthening; our 
republican institutions, and, under the guidance of hea- 
ven, to fix, on a durable basis, the happy destinies of a 
great and rising nation. 

From our unqualified respect of your personal cha- 
racter, as well as from the pledge to be found in a long 
life devoted to the public good, we have a right to anti- 
cipate the most pleasing results. In copying the illus- 
trious examples of the great founders of our republic, 
you cannot fail to advance the best interests, and the 
true glory of our common country, and thus to erect in 
the hearts of your countrymen, an imperishable monu- 
ment to your own fame. With such feelings, and with 
such views, in the name and in behalf of the citizens of 
Windsor, we bid you a cordial welcome to this village, 
aDd to the state of Vermont. 

The President' s Answer. 

Fellow-Citizens — I have approached the state of 
Vermont, with peculiar sensibility. On a former visit, 
immediately after the war, I left it a wilderness, and I 
now find it blooming with luxuriant promise of wealth 
and happiness, to a numerous population. A brave and 
free people will never abandon the defence of their 
country. The patriotism of Vermont, has been relied 
on in times of peril ; and the just expectation of their 
virtue was honourably sustained. I shall ever rely 
on their wisdom in the councils of the nation, as on 
their courage in the field. 

The confidence now universally felt in the stability 
and efficiency of our government, is the surest pledge, 
that all judicious measures adopted for the common 
good of the nation, will receive the cordial support of 
all honest and honourable men. 

I rejoice with you, that a just sense of the national 
interests, and more generous feelings pervade the 
country. It is by cherishing these, with a liberal re- 
ference to the prosperity and happiness of the whole 

ion, that the high destiny of our nation can be at- 
tained. 



"36 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

The true principles of our policy are now well un- 
derstood. The people have only to maintain them with 
vigour and economy, and all the great objects of nation- 
al concern, under a benign Providence, will be secured 
to ourselves and our posterity. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Admiration from the Female world is one of the most 
delightful rewards of valour. From the romantic ages 
of chivalry to this time, the approving smiles of the Fair 
has " smoothed the wrinkled front" of the veteran, and 
made him glory in the scars received in defending them. 
The young ladies of Windsor, were determined (hat 
their " Patron and Friend" should not leave their de- 
lightful village without some manifestation of their res- 
pect. They addressed the President in the following 
elegant manner. 

S[R — Impressed with a high sense of the honour 
which the inhabitants of this village receive in beipg 
permitted to welcome the Cnief Magistrate of 'he Un- 
ion, we beg leave, in behalf of the young Ladies of the 
Windsor Female Academy, to present you our humble 
tribute of respect; which, although from the juvenile 
female pen, will not, we trust, be unacceptable, or 
deemed entirely beneath your notice. While we re- 
gard the President of the nation a? the protector of our 
country, the preserver of our rights, and dearest privi- 
leges, and the guardian of our literary institutions, our 
hearts glow with feelings of gratitude, and we delight 
to address him by the endearing appellation of Patron 
and Friend. Permit us, Sir, respectfully to congratu- 
late vou on vour safe arrival in the State of Vermont, on 
the present happy and prosperous situation of the coun- 
try over which you are called to preside ; that the 
Olive of peace is now waving where the Clarion of war 
was heard ; and that your entrance upon public duties, 
both arduous and important, is at a time when, from the 



president's tour. 237 

general peace and tranquillity that reign, you can have 
leisure to promote the happiness and literary attain- 
ments of the rising generation. We feel happy, that 
the visit, by which our northern states have been so 
highly honoured, has been undertaken at a time, when 
every thing must have combined to render it pleasant 
to yourself, as well as to the people ; and we believe, 
that their reception of you, has been, and will continue 
to be such, as is consonant to their views of respect for 
your private character, and the elevated station you 
have the honour, with so much dignity to fill, as the 
President of the United States. That you may long 
live in the affections of a free and enlightened people, 
and that success may crown all your exertions for the 
public good, is the ardent wish of many a patriotic, al- 
though youthful female bosom. 

ANSWER. 

ifouxG Ladies, 

I beg you to be assured, that no attention which I 
have received in the course of my route, has afforded 
me greater satisfaction, than that with which I have 
been honoured by the Young Ladies of the Female 
Academy at Windsor. I take a deep interest as a par- 
ent and citizen, in the success of female education, and 
have been delighted, wherever I have been, to witness 
the attention paid to it. That you may be distinguished 
for your graceful and useful acquirements, and for ev- 
ery amiable virtue, is the object of my sincere desire. 
Accept my best wishes for your happiness. 

JAMES MONROE. 

The members of the Windsor 
Female Academy. 

The town of Wiadsor if regarded, either for the nat- 
ural beauty of its situation, or the taste of its inhabitants, 
would excite the admiration of the Tourist. It has no 
important public building except the state prison, a! 



233 president's tocr. 

though the Legislature of the state has often held it* 
sessions here. From the elevated grounds near it, the 
distant view of the Monadnock mountain to the east, the 
Green Mountains, and the Escutnoe to the west ; the 
beautiful Connecticut and the picturesque scenery of 
the country upon its shores, furnish a prospect which 
may be gazed upon with delight, and which must be 
left with regret. The population of this place in 181U 
was 2,800. 

" The President, upon the 23d, left Windsor, and 
was received by the r.ittzens of Woodstock, with such 
demonstrations of regard, as are the spontaneous offer- 
ing of a free people to a respected Chief Magistrate. 
Apart of the Committee of Arrangements, with a ca- 
valcade of citizens, under the direction of Mr. Hall, 
and a detachment of cavalry, commanded by Capt. 
Mack, met the President at Hartland, and escorted him 
to "Woodstock. A discharge of artillery announced the 
arrival of the President in the village, which he enter- 
ed on horseback, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The citizens 
were formed in lines on each side of the street ; and as 
the President advanced towards them, he alighted ; and. 
conducted by Mr. Hall, and accompanied by Mr. Ma- 
son, his secretary, and Col. Sullivan, he passed up the 
procession to Mr. Pratt's, where he was welcomed by 
Mr. Marsh and Mr. S arm, of the Committee of Ar- 
rangements, and received under the discharge of a 
national salute, from Capt. Warner's company of artil- 
lery, from Barnard. The following address was then 
presented by Mr. Hutchinson." > 



president's tour. 230 

to the i'resident of the united states. 

Sir — The citizens of Woodstock and vicinity, meet 
the Chief Magistrate of the United States in this place, 
with peculiar pleasure and satisfaction. They consider 
it an auspicious event, and ominous of good to their be- 
loved country, that you, Sir, have deemed it proper, at 
this time, to visit, in person, the various parts of the 
United States, that you might become personally ac- 
quainted, not only with the strength and resources of 
the country, but, by mingling with various classes ofthe 
community, in the different States, might be conversant 
with the religious, moral, and political opinions ofthe 
people ; and notwithstanding the variety of these, might 
witness the unanimity with which they are universally 
devoted to the best interests, and to the support of the 
free and excellent political institutions ofthe country ; 
and how much they delight to honour those, who, with 
dignity and propriety, preside over them. 

They hope and believe, that this patriotic and bene- 
ficent deportment, on the part ofthe President of the 
United States, will tend to heal the divisions and con- 
ciliate the feelings ofthe different members of com- 
munity, and draw more closely the bonds of union and 
interest among the people ofthe United States. 

With these views, and with feelings of the greatest 
personal respect, they bid you a cordial welcome to 
their vicinity ; and pray, that under the guidance and 
direction of Divine Providence, you may be 4 a happy 
instrument of all that good to our country, which can 
inspire the heart of a wise, benevolent, and enlightened 
statesman. 



" To this the President made a very appropriate 
answer, reciprocating the sentiments contained in the 
Address. He observed, among other things, that in 
the prosecution of his Tour, he was happy to visit the 
State of Vermont ; and that he now met, with satisfac- 
tion, the citizens of Woodstock ; that be felt duly 



\ 



^40 president's tour. 

grateful for the attention and respect which was so li- 
berally manifested to him, and for the facilities afforded 
him in his progress through the country ; that he deem- 
ed this a demonstration of their attachment to the laws 
of their country, and was disposed to receive it rather 
as a mark of respect to the office of President, than a 
personal compliment ; that as it respected himself, he 
was confident, that when he retired from office, he 
should receive the approbation of his fellow citizens, 
if, by his official conduct, he should merit it. The 
President made some suitable remarks on the nature 
of our government, observing, that it protected us in 
■he enjoyment of our civil and religious liberties ; and 
that he could not conceive of any rights, which a peo- 
ple ought to enjoy, which were not secured to us by 
our happy constitution." 

The town of Woodstock, although a small place, has 
that striking natural beauty which will claim the notice 
of the traveller. It has occasionally been the seat of 
government for the state ; is situated upon the banks 
of a beautiful stream, passing through a fertile and well 
cultivated* valley. It has a handsome church, a court 
house, a prison, and many handsome private residen- 
ces. The President passed from this place through 
Royallon upon White river, to Montpelier, the political 
capital of Vermont. 

" The President with his suite, entered this little 
village, and received, with apparent satisfaction, the 
respectful gratulations of a large concourse of the citi- 
zens of Washington County. 



{•resident's TOUR. ~4i 

At 10, he was met and welcomed by the Committee 
of Arrangements, at Mr. Stiles' in Berlin. The pro- 
cession was then formed under the direction of the Mar- 
shals, and proceeded to Montpeher. 

A little before 11, a discharge of artillery announced 
the near approach of the Chief Magistrate of the nation 
On entering the village, he alighted from his carriage, 
and proceeded with the cavalcade, on horseback, to the 
\cademy, through the Main-street, lined on each side 
by citizens, under direction of Joseph Howes, Esq. 
Returning to the head of Slate street, the President dis- 
mounted, was received by the First Light Company, 
commanded by Lieut. E. P. Walton, and conducted to 
the State House under a national salute from the Wash- 
ington Artillery. 

In front of the State House, between three and four 
hundred Masters and Misses, Students of the Academy 
and members of the schools in the Village, dressed in a 
neat uniform, each tastefully decorated with garlands 
from the field of nature, were arranged in two lines 
facing each other, in perfect order. Previous to the 
arrival of the escort, the two companies of Cavalry, 
with an expedition and regularity which did them hon- 
our, had placed themselves at a proper and convenient 
distance on the left of the juvenile procession. 

The President walked through this assemblage of 
youth, uncovering his head, and bowing as he passed, 
entered the State House under a fanciful arch of ever- 
greens, emblematic we trust, of the duration of our lib- 
erties ; on one side of which were these words ; July 
4, 1 776, ' : on the other— " Trenton, Dec. 26,1776." 
When in front of the house, in the portico of the second 

X 



242 president's tour. 

story, the Hon. James Fisk, Chairman of the Committee 
of Arrangements, in presence of the military and a great 
concourse of assembled citizens, delivered the following 
Address : 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The citizens of Montpelier and its vicinity, 
have directed their committee to present yon their res- 
pectful salutations, and bid you a cordial welcome. 

The infancy of our settlements, places our progress 
in the arts and sciences something behind most of our 
sister States ; but we shall not be denied some claim to 
a share of that ardent love of liberty, and the Rights of 
Man, that attachment to the honour and interest of our 
country, which now so distinguish the American char- 
acter; while the fields of Huhbardton, the heights of 
Walloomsack, and the plains of Pittsburgh, are admit- 
ted to witness in our favour. 

Many of those we now represent, ventured their lives 
. tj e Revolutionary contest, and permit us sir, to say, 
the value of this opportunity is greatly enhanced, by 
the consideration, that we now tender our respects to 
one who shared in all the hardships and dangers of that 
eventful period, which gave liberty and independence 
to our country : nor are we unmindful that from that 
poriod until now, every public act of your life evinces 
an unalterable attachment to the principles for which 
yon then contended. 

With such pledges, we feel an unlimited confidence, 
that should your measures fulfil your intentions, your 
administration under the guidance of Divine Providence, 
will be as prosperous and happy as its commencement 
is tranquil and promising ; and that the honour, the 
rights and interests of the nation will pass from your 
hands unimpaired. 

JAMES FISK. 
For the Committee, 



president's tour. 243 

" To this address the President made an affectionate 
and appropriate reply, which was received with three 
times three animated cheers by the citizens. 

The President then, with his suite, Committee, Mar- 
shals and Clergy, visited the schools in the Represen- 
tatives' room, which was adorned with maps and globes 
drawn by the scholars ; while the front of the gallery 
and chandalier displayed a beautiful variety of vines 
and ornaments. The scholars received him by rising, 
and Mr. Hill preceptor of the Academy, by saying, " I 
present to your Excellency the finest blossoms and fairest 
flowers that our climate produces" — He replied "They 
are the finest nature can produce." After inspecting the 
maps and globes, with approbation, he retired ; was 
received at the door, by the Washington Artillery, com- 
manded by Capt. Timothy Hubbard, and escorted 
through a line of citizens extending from the State 
House to the dwelling of Willis I. Caldwell, Esq. where 
he partook of a cold collation served up with admirable 
•taste and elegance. 

The schools then formed a procession preceded by 
the first Light Company, with instrumental music,' and 
moved to the Academy. In passing the President's 
quarters they saluted him, the masters, by uncovering 
their heads, the misses, by lowering their parasols. 

The President having signified his pleasure to chs- 
pense with the escort of cavalry, after taking an affec- 
tionate leave of the Committee of Arrangements, as 
cended his carriage and resumed his journey to Bur- 
lington." 

This place has recently been established as the per 



344 president's tour. 

uianent seat of government for the state of Vermont. 
and is rapidly acquiring the consequence which a me- 
tropolis always draws within its borders. His stay was 
short here ; but he visited the flourishing literary in- 
stitution here established ; and in presence of a nu- 
merous collection of youths of both sexes, received an 
address from their Preceptor, and returned an answer 
worthy of the <; Patron and Friend" of the rising gen- 
eration , 

The President arrived at Burlington upon the eve 
ning of the day he left Windsor. (23d July.) He here 
had the first view of Lake Champlain. Although this 
inland water in point of extent, bears but a feeble com- 
parison with the great Lakes of the President's native 
countr} 7 , he was aware that it was an important na- 
ral station. The command of it would have been of 
immense importance to the enemy in the last war. This 
was evinced by their exertions to obtain it. It is the 
principal key of the northern states, and the possession 
of it by a British force would very essentially affect a 
iarge portion of the states of New-York and Vermont. 

The President was escorted into Burlington in a 
manner which shews, that a cavalcade of republican 
freemen, although it was not variegated, like those in 
European capitals, with chariots bedecked with ducal 
coronets, and knights adorned with the blushing rib- 
bonds and brilliant stars of nobility ; yet they know how 
, to manifest their respect for the man of their choice, 
by spontaneous demonstrations of respect, infinitely 
more gratifying than the coerced shouts of a degraded, 
oppressed and suffering populace. Upon alighting, he 
was addressed by Daniel Farrand.Esq. on behalf of th r 



president's TOUR. ~- 

citizens, m a manner which shews, that when the man 
was before them, whose indefatigable exertions had 
greatly aided in saving them from the depredations of 
an enemy in their immediate neighbourhood, they knew 
how to appreciate his labours and admire his patriotism 
in the cause of his native country. The President 
gave a reply, with that modesty, which makes a genu- 
ine patriot shrink from even the sincere and grateful 
acknowledgments of his protected countrymen. 

The President's stay at the delightful town of Bur- 
lington was short. Had opportunity been afforded, he 
might here have been gratified, with the examination 
of an infant university struggling into manhood, by ex- 
ertions to diffuse the light of science amongst the as- 
piring sons of Vermont. While many large states have 
"but one, and some large states have no university, 
Vermont may boast of two — Burlington and Middkhu- 
ry. Although the fact must be admitted, that these 
Literary Institutions have not yet excited the notice 
of the Old World, and are not yet, like some other?, 
the pride of the New ; it ought to be remembered that 
the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in England, 
were infant establishments as late as the reign of Hen- 
ry VIII. 

The President took his departure from Burlington 
by water. He was wafted upon the waters of Lake 
Champlain to Vergennes, where he examined the exten- 
sive iron works there established. He also viewed the 
place where the fleet of Macdonough was built. The 
President was aware, that this gallant officer was sta- 
tioned upon this Lake as a Lieutenart commandant, 
when scarcely ten American guns were carried upon 

X 2 



7^ 



~4l' PRESIDENT'S TOUR, 



its bosom. The enemy were exerting their well kuovfa 
naval energies to obtain the ascendency upon Cham- 
plain. This young officer, having early become a pu- 
pil in the Mediterranean school, where Americans first 
began to conquer systematically upon the ocean, with 
the most discouraging pi ospects, prosecuted the^arduous 
duty assigned him, with a cool deliberation and a de- 
termined'perseverance, which afforded an encouraging 
presage of his future character for regulated courage. 
The victory he obtained upon this Lake, was not the 
result of accident or fortune. It was the necessary ef- 
fect following well known causes. This victory, con- 
sidered in every point of view, was one of the most im- 
portant achieved in the second war for American In- 
dependence. Connected with that obtained at the same 
time by the gallant Macomb, over the governour gene- 
ral of all the Canadas, it secured the western section of 
Vermont^ and the immensely important country upon 
the Hudson in Nez& York, from the devastations of an 
enemy, some of whom had become familiar with vic- 
tory and plunder in the old world. The importance of 
it is clearly demonstrated by the applause and reward 
bestowed upon the intrepid officer who obtained it. 
Captain Thomas Macdonough cannot complain, as many 
meritorious officers may justly do, that " Republics are 
ungrateful." The following is the Address of the citi- 
zens of Burlington, and the President's Answer. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — In behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Bur- 
lington, and its vicinity, we congratulate you on your 
safe arrival, within this part of the State of Vermont. m 



PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 247 

Living under a government of our own choice, 
where birth and hereditary titles create no fictitious 
privileges— where the avenues of office are opened to 
exalted merit — and where virtue and worth confer the 
only distinctions known to our law, the citizen is under 
a moral obligation to respect the authorities of his coun- 
try- 
Permit us, Sir, to avail ourselves of the opportunity 
afforded by this interview, to assure you of a cordial 
reception, and while we testify the high sense we en 
tertain of your private worth, to discharge the pleasing 
task of tendering to the Chief Magistrate of our coun- 
try, the respect due to his exalted station. 

The pleasure of a personal acquaintance is much 
increased by a knowledge of the objects of your visit, 
In common with yourself and every virtuous citizen, 
we indulge an honest pride in contemplating the civil 
institutions of our country, and rejoice in every meas- 
ure which has for its object the protection and security 
of the people. In proportion to the value we attach, 
to the blessings of rational liberty, should be our ex- 
ertions to render the enjoyment of them secure. Pla- 
ced upon the frontiers of the United States, in situations 
assailable by the sudden irruptions of an invading foe, 
the dangers to which we may be exposed give addition- 
al value to any precautionary measures of defence. 

We rejoice that the noise of war is lost in the busy 
arts of peace, that the citizen is left to the honest pur- 
suit of industry and enterprize, under a confidence that 
his interest is identified with that of the public. But 
you will not believe us alarmed by idle feacs, when we 
assure you that the recent events on this frontier have 
shown us, that whatever we hold dear may be jeop- 
ardized by the chance of war. The citizens of Ver- 
mont will not soon forget the memorable eleventh of 
September, eighteen hundred and fourteen, or fail to 
appreciate the worth of those who so valiantly defend- 
ed their country's flag, and secured to themselves im- 
mortal glory. The anxious solicitude of this awful, but 
glorious day. has forcibly impressed upon our minds 



->43 PRESIDENT'S TOUIt, 

the truth of the position, that peace is the time to prepare 
for war. 

We are pleased to know that this subject has already 
engaged your attention. From a personal inspection 
of the various parts of our extended republic, you will 
be enabled the better to ascertain its vulnerable points, 
and advise to measures of future security. Nor is this 
subject an uninteresting one. The patriot, whose li- 
beral soul is animated by the prospect of ameliorating 
the condition of his fellow men, here finds an object 
commensurate to his desires ; and while he generously 
devotes himself to the welfare of his country, he is 
sustained by a consciousness that his exertions have 
promoted its glory. Nature also seems to have desig- 
nated our beloved country as the scene of no ordinary 
exertions. She has scattered her gifts with a munifi- 
cent hand, and points the way to high and ennobling 
pursuits. The vast extent of our territory, the gran- 
deur of its scenery, its mountains, its rivers, and its in- 
land seas, the abundance of its means, together with the 
progress of population and improvement, combine to 
render it an object of sublime contemplation. 

The alacrity and zeal with which you have engaged 
in the military and naval defences of our country, is an 
additional pledge of your honourable motives and patri- 
otic wishes. 

That your labour may be crowned with abundant suc- 
cess, and that you may long live to reap the rich re- 
ward of a life well spent in the service of your country, 
is our most earnest wish. 

DANIEL FARRAND, 
For Committee of Arrangements 

Burlington, July 24, 1817. 



THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY. 

Fellow Citizens ; 

In entering the town of Burlington, I find myself in 
view of a scene, associated in every bosom with the 



president's tour. 24 



dearest interests and highest honour of the country. 
The eventful action on your lake and its invaded shores, 
can never be contemplated without the deepest emo- 
tion. It hound the union by stronger ties if possible, 
than ever. It tilled every breast with confidence in 
our arms, and aroused the spirit of the country. The 
proximity of these scenes shall animate our children to 
emulate the honourable example of their fathers. They 
too shall realize, that in the hour of peril, their coun- 
try shall never want defenders, resolute and brave as 
their ancestors, and firm as the mountains that gave 
them birth. 

Truly, no nation has richer treasures of civil or re- 
ligious liberty to defend. None stronger ties to united 
and to enlightened and to extended patriotism. That a 
just sense of these truths pervades the community, is 
evinced in the respect, which you tender to the office of 
the Chief Magistrate of the country in my person. 

The important objects of my Tour become the more 
interesting, as I find the frontier more exposed. You 
may feel assured that the government will not withhold 
any practicable measures, for the security ofyour town ; 
nor have I ever doubted that preparation for defence 
in time of peace, would ever prove the best economy 
in war. 

If in pursuing these important objects, and adminis- 
tering the government upon principles consonant with 
the benign spirit of our constitution, my sincere and 
honest efforts should be crowned, as you wish, with a- 
bundant success ; it will be a real gratification to myself, 
that you and your state will eminently participate in the 
beneficent providential result. 

JAMES MONROE. 

The President arrived at Pittsburgh upon the 25th, 
where these signal victories were obtained upon the 
11th September 1814. The British general Brisbane 
had, a short time before, issued a Proclamation, calling 
upon the people to submit peaceably to the government 



250 president's tour. 

he i hould shortly exercise over them. Sir George Pre- 
vost had fixed upon an elegant private rpsicle.nce here, 
as his seat. But the proclaiming general was not then 
in Spain or Portugal, and the governour general was 
then nothing but an English Knight in Canada. A small 
bod}' of regular troops, cordially united with the patri- 
otic militia of New-York and Vermont, all under Gene- 
ral Macomb, compelled an army, treble their numbers, 
to make a precipitate retreat to save themselves from 
total destruction. The 11th of September at Pitts- 
burgh, and the 8th January at New-Orleans, the north- 
ern and southern extremes of the union, will be kept as 
anniversaries. The President was received here in a 
manner worthy of the people and of him. Prescribed 
limits has compelled me to exclude many elegant and 
impressive addresses to the President, from his fellow 
citizens, and many interesting particulars relative to the 
places in which he received them. In no place, 
through his extensive Tour, was the President receiv- 
ed with more undissembled tokens of respect, than at 
Plattsburgh. A place that has been improved as a mil- 
itary rendezvous — that has had in its bosom the ac- 
complished officers of the Army and Navy, and the vet- 
eran soldiers and gallant sailors of our country, has a 
consequence attached to it which scarce any other cir- 
cumstances can impart. Its citizens acquire a manly 
deportment, and a dignified affability, which is sought 
for in vain amongst the effeminate votaries of modern 
fashion, and fashionable amusements. 

Plattsburgh is situated upon the west side of Lake 
Champlain, at the mouth of the river Saranac. Until 
the last war, it was known only as a pleasant village ; 



president's tour. 2bl 

its name is now associated with the proudest recollec- 
tions. At the commencement of that war, it was the 
head quarters during a disastrous campaign — at the 
close of it, it had become the theatre of American glory. 
It is a fact, although a melancholy fact, that those pla- 
ces that have been the scenes of blood, death and victo- 
ry, have been most celebrated by the ancient and mod- 
ern epic poets. They are called " classic ground," 
probably for this reason. It remains for the future 
poet to immortalize to plains of Chippewa, Bridgewa- 
ier, Plattsburgh, and New-Orleans, and the undaunted 
republican heroes, who there achieved victories which 
give them a rank with the first soldiers in the world. 

Pittsburgh is the capiUl of Clinton county, N. Y. 
and is the seat of justice for that county. It contains a 
handsome church, a court house, and a prison. Its 
population is over 3,500. 

The President remained at Plattsburgh some time, 
assiduously devoted to the great object of his Tour ; 
advancing the interests of the people, and improving 
the national defence. 

Upon leaving it, and prosecuting his route toward 
Ogdenshurgh, through the majestic forests, his attention 
was suddenly arrested by an elegant collation, fitted up 
in a superiour style, by the officers of the army and the 
citizens of the country. He partook of it, with a heart 
beating in unison with those of his patriotic country- 
men, by whom he was surrounded ; and acknowledged 
this unexpected and romantic civility, with an unaffect- 
ed and dignified complacence. 

The President, at this period of his Tour, finding 
it indispensably necessary to prosecute the remaining 



-52 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

part of it with great expedition, was under the necessi- 
ty of foregoing many opportunities of associating with 
the rapidly increasing and ardently patriotic people, in- 
habiting the western frontier of the northern section of 
the Union. 

He reached Ogdensburgh upon the 31st July, and 
vasthus addressed by the citizens of that place. 

;. TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The trustees and inhabitants of this village 
welcome, with peculiar satisfaction, your arrival in 
health among them, after your long and fatiguing journey 
through many of our j^et infant settlements. In com- 
mon with the nation, we have viewed with much inter- 
est your important Tour along our sea board and fron- 
tier, particularly confiding in your observation, wis- 
dom and experience for the establishment of such points 
of national defence, along our immediate border, as 
will best promote our individual prosperity, and 
strengthen the national security. Born and educated 
nnder a government whose laws we venerate, enjoying 
a soil rich in the bounties of Providence, and grateful 
for the invaluable blessings of liberty, bequeathed to us 
by the heroes of the revolution, no excitement yrill be 
wanting on our part, to maintain, defend, and to trans- 
mit to posterity the benefits we so eminently possess. 
Experience, however, has taught us that individual or 
sectional exertions, be they ever so ardent, unless 
aided by the strong and protecting arm of government, 
afford but feeble defence against a powerful foe. Pla- 
ced on a frontier contiguous to a warlike and powerful 
nation, enjoying the advantages of an extensive and in- 
creasing navigation, it is peculiarly important that our 
local situation should be well understood. At the com- 
mencement of the late war, the attention of govern- 
ment was in the first instance, naturally drawn to the 
defence of that extensive line of sea coast, on which 
Che immense maritime force of the enemy could be 



president's to\jr. 253 

most effectually exerted, and consequently the more 
remote and interior defences did not, perhaps, receive 
the same protection which their importance warranted. 
But commencing your administration in a time of pro- 
found peace, enjoying the confidence of the nation, and 
presiding over a government proud of its honour, tena- 
cious of its rights, and possessing the requisite resour- 
ces, we flatter ourselves, should any collisions hereafter 
take place, (which we pray heaven to avert) your pen- 
etration and judgment, aided by your local observation, 
will have pointed out and perfected such a line of de- 
fences as will ensure our personal safety, and redound 
to the prosperity and honour of the nation. 

That you may establish these desirable objects ; 
progress in your important Tour with safety, and re- 
turn happily to the bosom of your domestic circle, is. 
Sir, the fervent prayer of your obedient servants. 

To which the President replied extempore, in sub- 
stance as follows : 

" He thanked the citizens for their attention and very 
pelite reception — that he received it as marks of res- 
pect to the first magistrate of the nation, by no means 
arrogating it to himself as an individual — that it gave 
him great pleasure, as it evinced an attachment of the 
people to that form of government which they them- 
selves had established — that he was satisfied they had a 
■just estimate of its value, and were sincerely devoted 
to its preservation — that in administering it, he would 
support its principles, and, as far as in him lay, promote 
the best interests of the country — that as the address 
correctly stated, his journey was connected with objects 
of national defence, and to acquire such information as 
would the better enable him to discharge the duties of 
his office — That the government had appropriated large 

Y 



254 PRESIDENT'S TULK. 

sums of money, the judicious application of which tic 
pended much on the executive — he perfectly agreed 
that a time of peace was the best time to prepare for 
defence ; but had much pleasure in stating that the best 
understanding prevailed between our government and 
that of Great Britain, and was persuaded that we had 
every reason to look for a permanent peace — that the 
importance of our situation along the St. Lawrence had 
not escaped his observation, and he was much gratified 
in his progress through, that he found it a fertile coun- 
try, abounding in every resource, and inhabited by an 
enterprising, industrious, and he believed, virtuous 
people." 

Upon reaching Ogdensburg, the President was upon 
the banks of the river St. Lawrence. The history of 
the new world is pregnant with the important events 
that have taken place upon this great river, and upon 
the immense lakes whose waters communicate with it. 
In the French war, usually so called, they furnished a 
boundary between the French provinces of Upper and 
Lower Canada, and the English Colonies to the south and 
east of it. The plains of Abraham, near Quebec, are 
as much celebrated for the battle there fought by Mont- 
calm and Wolf, as the field of Waterloo, where Napo- 
leon and Wellington met each other with almost all the 
armies of Europe. The Canadas, at the termination of 
that war, were ceded by the French monarch to the 
British crown. At the commencement of the revolu- 
tionary war, these provinces adhered to the power 
that had before subjugated them ; and the St. Lawrence 
and the lakes became the boundary between them and 



y 



president's tour. 255 

the northern and eastern colonies, which tore asunder 
the ligament that bound them to the British empire, 
in that war, the death of the gallant Montgomery, who 
fell upon its banks, bedewed his countrymen in tears ; 
by their tears he was embalmed ; and by them his 
memory will forever be cherished. A portion of this 
river and these lakes yet continue to be the boundary 
between the Provinces of Canada, and the Independent 
States of America. In the last war, these waters be- 
came the theatre of the most sanguine military opera- 
tions between Americans and Englishmen, who have 
one common origin, but no longer any common inter- 
est. The events that have taken place upon them, 
would justify an allusion to ancient encounters— 

'* When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war." 

Ogdensburg was among the first places which the 
British army attempted to invade in the last war. It 
was an abortive attempt ; but afterwards they succeed- 
ed ; and, for a time, held the possession of it without 
any benefit to themselves, or any essential injury to the 
Republic. Warfare, by conflagration, had not then 
commenced ; and "Beauty and Booty''' was not then a 
countersign. This town is the capital of the county of 
St. Lawrence ; is situated at the confluence of the river 
Oswegatchie with the St. Lawrence, and is au handsome 
and flourishing village. 

The President left Ogdensburg, and direqted his 
course towards Sackett's Haobour. He passed through 
a country, which a few years since, was a wilderness, 
but which is now a region of civilization, and offers to 
the traveler of observation, many appearances of active 



256 president's tour. 

industry, and numerous evidences of progressive im- 
provement. 

Upon his arrival at Sacketfs Harbour, the President 
reached the borders of Lake Ontario. He here saw a 
lake in the interior of his native country, which in some 
portions of the globe, would be denominated a sea. The 
historian will readily remember the era when the Med- 
iterranean contained less naval force upon its bosom, 
than Lake Ontario could boast of in the Inst war, be- 
tween the American Republic, and the British empire. 
Strife for dominion induced these powers to cover its 
surface with the floating engines of destruction, which 
must either conquer and decay within its limited bor- 
ders, or be transported, by piece-meals, to an element 
where they might waft over the watery world. The 
American and English fleets grew up, almost in sight of 
each other, upon this important inland water; and, in 
sight of each other, like two lions growling at a distance, 
they neither of them gained dominion. This effort was 
the result of war — it was terminated by the conclusion 
of peace. However much the cool> reflecting philo- 
sopher might wonder at such unparalleled exertions, 
?he statesman knows that when his countrymen consent, 
peaceably, to surrender any portion of their country, to 
an enemy, the whole of it is endangered. 

Although Lake Ontario, like Lake Erie and Lake 
Champlain, has not been the theatre of the prowess of 
the American navy, over that of Britain, yet the naval 
power of the Americans, upon this lake, tended to 
thwart the objects of the British government, in re- 
colonizing the Independent States of America, and bring- 
ing them again under British dominion. A man is of 



president's tour. 257 

ten immortalized by a single fortunate act, while one, 
equally meritorious, and equally praise worthy, for a 
long course of duty rendered his country, in stations 
where no opportunity was afforded for a brilliant a- 
chievment, may he disregarded. Lake Erie and Perry 
— Lake Champlain and Macdonough, are always re- 
membered together; while the commander of the A- 
merican fleet upon Ontario is remembered only as an 
accomplished naval officer, who has not yet signalized 
himself. 

The conclusion of peace probably prevented as des 
perate a battle as ever had hitherto been fought be- 
tween equal forces upon the water. The courage of 
Chauncey was never doubted by those who knew him ; 
and Yeo would not have yielded to him, without a des 
perate contest. As long as two different governments 
hold possession of the countries north and south of the 
St. Lawrence, and east and west of the lakes ; these 
waters must continue to be the theatres of naval contest?, 
until that period commences, when the Eagle and the 
Lion, as well as the Lion and the Lamb, can be brought 
to dwell together in unity. Nature has created the 
countries, bordering upon these waters, to be inhabited 
by a people under the same government. 

Sack^tt's Harbour, in the last war, was the scene of 
many important military and naval operations. The 
hopes of our Republic were here excited in the last 
war ; and here its fears were allayed by the undaunted 
courage of republican soldiers. The British army and 
fleet, flushed with victory in the Eastern world, vainly 
hoped to wield the trident of Neptune, and to direct 
the thunder of Mars in such a manner as to compel the 

Y 2 



258 president's tour. 

then untutored soldiers and sailors of America, to yield 
to a prowess, which, to the ineffable disgrace of the 
old world, has too long bowed to it. But every true 
American may well exclaim, with a valiant chieftian, 
"J was not born a yielder." 

I very much regret, that the want of the necessary 
documents, prevents me from particularly noticing the 
manner in which the President was received at Sack- 
etts'-Harbour. The people here, welcomed his entry 
into this village, with hearts beating fervently with 
gratitude to the man who had so incessantly laboured 
to defend them. The military display excited his ad- 
miration. The militia of this vicinity, by the long 
presence of regular troops, had become familiar with 
scientific, military tactics. The President reviewed 
them with the eye of a soldier who " had seen service." 
In the familiar phrase of our countrymen, he was 
"wide awake" upon the occasion. The civil authori- 
ties vied with the soldiery, in offering every demonstra- 
tion of respect to the man who, like Washington, is 
"first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of 
Ms countrymen." Indispensable duties, at the seat of 
government, rendered his stay at this place short. 

At this place the President received the following 
Address from a few surviving veterans of the army of 
the revolution, to which he very affectionately an- 
swered. 



TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — It is with pleasure that we, a few of the survi- 
vors of the revolution, residing in this part of the coun- 
try, welcome the arrival of the chief magistrate of the 
union. It is with increased satisfaction we recognise 



president's toor, 259 

in him one of the number engaged with «s in the ardu 
ous struggle of establishing the independence of the 

country. 

We have lived, Sir, to see the fruits of our toils and 
struggles amply realised in the happiness and prosperi- 
ty of our country ; and, Sir, we have the fullest confi- 
dence, that under your administration, they will be 
handed down to our posterity unimpaired. Like your 
immortal predecessor, the illustrious Washington, may 
you be honoured by the present and future genera- 
tions, and finally receive the rich reward with him in 
realms above. 

The following is the Address of the citizens of Sack- 
ett's-Harbour. 

Sir — The Committee appointed in behalf of their 
fellow-citizens, would congratulate the President of the 
United States upon his arrival at this place. It is with 
pleasure unfeigned and unalloyed, that all descriptions 
of men behold among them for the first time the chief 
magistrate of the union. 

They look upon it as a pledge that their interests will 
not be forgotten, as the situation of this section of the 
country will be personally known to him on whom the 
American people have placed their highest confidence, 
and bestowed their greatest honours. And that, al- 
though situated on the frontiers remote from the centre 
of the government, they hope to live in the recollec- 
tion of him whose happiness it is to preside over its 
high and exalted destinies. 

It is gratifying to learn, that the object of your ardu- 
ous Tour, is to ascertain whatever will contribute to 
the interest, improvement, or defence of the country. 
It therefore becomes our duty to express the solicitude 
- of our constituents, as it regards their peculiar situa- 
tion. Twice have they been placed on the very verge 
ef ruin, by successive attacks in the late war. Had 
works of defence been erected in commanding situa- 
tions, such attempts would probably never have been 
made ; at all events would have been repulsed with 



260 president's tour. 

greater certainty and with less expense of blood. And 
it will still be observeabie, that additional fortifications 
would be requisite to render effectual a resistance 
against superiour numbers. Yon fields, which have 
been dyed with the blood of Colonels Backus <ind Mills, 
can attest how much works of defence have there been 
needed. 

We trust the period is far distant, when hostilities, 
if ever, shall again occur; but as this may not be the 
fact, prudential reasons would seem to indicate the util- 
ity of a great military road, in the most proper direc- 
tion, for uniting the resources of the country with this 
chief military and naval depot of the northern fron- 
tier. 

The extensive public, and the increasing amount of 
private property, together with a personal anxiety, 
we trust will be accepted as an apology for specifying 
that which doubtless has already occurred to your ob- 
servation. There are objects of minor importance, yet 
interesting to our fellow citizens, which we hope will 
attract the notice, and not be deemed unworthy tke 
consideration, of the executive of this free and enlight- 
ened republic. 

We cannot conclude, without expressing our convic- 
tion, that he who has for nearly half a century devoted 
his services to his country, will render this Tour as 
eminently useful as it has been gratifying to the Ameri- 
can people. We deem it a happiness to embrace this 
opportunity of personally expressing our highest regard 
for your private character aad public worth. 

The President left this place, and arrived at Fort 
Niagara upon the 8th of August. 

He here reached the borders of the Peninsula, form- 
ed by Lake Ontario und Lake Erie ; one of the most in- 
teresting, one of the most renowned sections of Upper 
Canada. It was tspon this Peninsula, that the battles 
of Chippewa and Bridg. water were fought. Two na- 
tions, which, all circumstances considered, may be call- 



president's TOUR. %<ol 

ed the most powerful on earth, here contested the 
point of superiority between them. These battles, 
and the surrounding country, would afford the most 
exalted subjects of Poetry and Painting. It would re- 
quire the genius of a Barlow to do justice in the first ; 
and of a Trumbull in the second. The rival armies 
had long sounded " dreadful notes of preparation.'''' 
When they met, it was the business of every man to die. 
Each one was ready to meet his hostile foe, and to con- 
quer or to fall. The roaring of the cannon, under the 
ensigns of the Eagle and Lion, was responded by the 
roaring of the cataract of Niagara. The most astonish- 
ing works of nature, and the most destructive art of 
man, were united to give grandeur and sublimity to the 
scenery. 

The reader of history is too apt to estimate the 
consequence of a victory from the numbers engaged in 
the battle where it was achieved. But when every at- 
tending circumstance is taken into cool consideration, 
the victories of Chippewa and Bridgewater, may well 
be ranked with those of Lodi and Marengo, where all 
the art of the commanding generals, and all the physi- 
cal and tactical powers of men were called into active 
operation. This subject can only be-alluded to in this 
place ; but the historian will, hereafter, treat it in a 
manner which its importance demands. The 25th reg- 
iment of the United States army, here acquired a death- 
less fame, although many of its brave soldiers found the 
graves which are "filed with heroes slain.' 1 '' But vic- 
tory attended the daring efforts of American soldiers ; 
and the proud and valiant officers of Britain, were com- 
pelled to exclaim, in the most expressive terms, " Thr. 



262 president's tour. 

Americans are the only people upon earth, who do not 
know when they are conquered." This declaration was 
made by the British Major General Rial to Lieut. Phin- 
eas Andrews, the gallant bearer of the regimental stand- 
ard of the 25th, at the battle of Chippewa. 

The President arrived at Fort Niagara upon the 8th 
of August, and passed up the river Niagara to the falls, 
too well known, and too important to be described in 
this place. He viewed them, and lodged near them. 

Upon the 9th, the citizens of Buffaloe tendered to the 
President their respects, and presented an impressive 
Address, to which the President answered in a style 
which shews, that while he can sympathize with his 
countrymen for the distress which war brings upon any 
people, he can admire Americans for the fortitude with 
which they bear it, and for the courage with which they 
chastise those who inflict it. The address and answer 
are necessarily omitted to give place to a very few re- 
marks upon this interesting village. 

The village of Buffaloe, from its locality has become 
one of the most important places in the western frontier 
of the state of New- York. It is situated upon the out- 
let of Lake Erie, which makes the river Niagara; the 
communication between that Lake and Lake Ontario. 

It is situated in that portion of the world, where the 
works of nature are presented to the eye of man in its 
most impressive grandeur. It is through the Niagara 
river, that all the waters of the Lake of the Woods, Lake 
Superiour, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie, 
make a passage through the St. Lawrence to the Atlan- 
tic. These immense waters, instead of pursuing a 
noiseless course upon a level plain, are precipitated, 



president's tour. 263 

with irresistable force, over a perpendicular rock, of an 
hundred and fifty feet in height, at Niagara falls. The 
view of this stupendous cataract, leaves the astonished 
beholder in speechless astonishment. Man here feels 
his littleness, and acknowledges his inferiority'. He 
cannot resist, but he is compelled to admire the stu* 
pendous works of nature. The roaring of the water 
tumbling impetuously down to the adamantine founda- 
tion of this majestic rock, is perpetually heard by those 
who inhabit the surrounding country. 

The delightful village of BufTaloe, is situated but a 
short distance from the falls of Niagara. It fell a vic- 
tim, in the last war, to the burning rapacity of British 
soldiery. The structures of art cannot withstand the 
power of the fiery element ; and when an enemy 
cannot conquer men by courage they may destroy their 
habitations by conflagration. The capitals of Europe 
have, the most of them, been in possession of the illus- 
trious exile at St. Helena ; but when in his power, he 
never subjected them to conflagration. Since the war, 
the enterprizing citizens of this place have, in some 
measure, repaired the devastating committed upon it 
by a foe, whose ferocity and barbarism would have dis- 
graced Vandals. 

The President proceeded to Detroit through Lake 
Erie. 

He could not have forgotten the gallant Perry. He 
gained the first victory upon this lake over a British 
squadron, in modern naval warfare. Other American 
commanders upon the ocean had conquered single* 
handed ; but Perry sat the first example of conquer- 
ing a British^eet in American waters. The facts rela- 



264 president's tour. 

live to this victory are familiar with every reader, and 
the fame of Perry and his crew, is resounded by every 
American. He was the first American officer who 
followed the example of Nelson, in fighting a passage 
through the line of an hostile fleet ; and was the first in 
our country who made the hazardous attempt success- 
ful. 

While at Fort Niagara, the President received a de- 
monstration of respect, as unexpected, as it was no- 
vel. The British officers, at Fort George, sent a depu- 
tation to him, requesting the honour of waiting upon 
him, and tendering to him the homage of their respect. 
The President, with his usual urbanity, acknowledged 
the high sense he felt for the honour intended him \ 
and shewed that he acknowledged the sentiment con- 
tained in that unparalleled state paper, " The Declara 
tion of American Independence^' that though Ame- 
ricans and Englishmen must be, " enemies in war" they 
can be " in peace, friends,'' Haste to return to the 
seat of government, compelled him to decline the ho- 
nour intended him. 

The President left this interesting section of our 
country for Detroit, with feelings not to be described. 

Upon his arrival at Detroit, the President reached 
a place, the possession of which was deemed of the 
highest importance by the French government when 
the Canadas were held by it. It was so deemed by the 
British government in the revolutionary war ; by that 
government was retained, in violation of treaty, after 
the peace of 1783, and was finally surrendered to the 
United States in the administration of Adams. In the 
commencement of the second war for independence, 



president's tour.. 2C>5 

P; again became the scene of national contest, or rather, 
the scene of nationaPdegradation, by the disgraceful 
manner in which it was surrendered by the American 
commander. It is pusillanimous to exult over a great 
man fallen ; and it is painful to reflect, that Hull, one 
of the favourites of Washington — a revolutionary hero, 
should have tarnished his escutcheon by fear, favorit- 
ism, or cowardice. The surrender of Detroit to Gen. 
Brock, a gallant, a generous, and afterwards a fallen 
foe, without an effort to defend it, affected the proud 
feelings of Americans, more than any disaster in that 
war. To fall in the field, by the fortune of war ; to be 
tortured by savages ; to have our habitations burned 
over our heads, are consequences of war with Britain ; 
the tears, and the gratitude of Americans, are the re- 
ward of such who suffer thus. But to see a gallant 
regiment, like the 4th, compelled, without a contest, to 
yield to a foe within their power ; with arms in 
their hands, that had conquered at Tippacatwe, is suffer- 
ing to a republican soldier, more poignant than death 
and torture. Indignation at the loss of national char- 
acter, may have called forth imprecations too severe 
against the unfortunate Hull. But to see gallant men, 
like Miller and Cass, compelled to surrender their 
swords, or break them, without the liberty of wielding 
them over a submitting foe, is humiliating,--is excrucia- 
ting in the extreme. 

Detroit is situated upon a river of that name, about 
twenty miles north of Lake Erie. In 1805 it was al- 
most wholly destroyed by fire ; but, like Buffaloc, whicb 

Z 



26C president's tour. 

fell a victim to British flames, it is rapidly regaining 
its beauty and its consequence. 

" Major Lamed, in behalf of the citizens of the ter- 
ritory, tendered the President their congratulations for 
his safe arrival, and their sincere wishes for his 
health and prosperity, to which the President returned 
his thanks. The utmost order was observed, and the 
strongest manifestations of respect for our worthy Chief 
Magistrate exhibited. 

The troops of this post were reviewed by the Presi- 
dent. Gen. Brown and other distinguished gentlemen 
of the army were present. The appearance of the 
troops, and the manner in which they performed seve- 
ral handsome manoeuvres reflect much honour upon 
Col. Smith and the officers of his command. 

After the review, the sword, voted by the legislature 
of New-York, to General Macomb, was presented him 
by Governour Cass, (the agent for the committee ap- 
pointed by the legislature to present the sword.) — The 
presentation was witnessed by the distinguished char- 
acters above mentioned, and a numerous body of res- 
pectable citizens, and accompanied by a very excel- 
lent speech from the Governour, to which the Gene- 
ral returned a brief and appropriate answer. 

A splendid ball was given by the citizens of this 
city. The President, Maj. Gen. Brown and suite, 
Major Gen. Macomb, and the officers at this post hon- 
oured the assembly by their presence. Many ladies 
and gentlemen were introduced to the President. It 
was much regretted that indisposition prevented the at* 
tendance of Governour Cass. 



president's tour. 267 

The ball was at the house of B. Woodvvorth, Esq. to 
whom praise is due for the arrangements made for the 
entertainment of the company, which was numerous 
and brilliant. 

On the evening of the illumination, several trans- 
parencies were exhibited, with appropriate moltos. 
Among others the following were conspicuous ; 
il Welcome our nation's chief" " Tlie pilot that 7vcalh- 
eredthe storm" 

The address of the citizens of Detroit to the PresV 
dent I have not seen ; the following is his answer. 

Fellow Citizens ; 

In the Tour in which I am engaged, according to its 
original plan, this section of our inland frontier formed 
an essential part ; and I am happy to have been able, 
so far, to have executed it. This is the utmost western 
limit to which 1 proposed to extend it. I shall proceed 
hence along the frontier, and through the state of Ohio, 
without delay, to the seat of the general government. 

Aware of your exposed situation, every circumstance 
material to your defence in the possible, but I hope, 
remote contingency of future wars, has a just claim to, 
and will receive my attention. For any information 
which you may be able to give me, on a subject of 
such high importance, I shall be very thankful. 

In all the advantages of your situation, in which you 
participate so largely, in those which a kind Providence 
has extended to our happy country, I, as your feilow- 
citizen, take a deep interest. Any inconveniences of 
which you may complain, you must be sensible cannot 
be of long duration. Your establishment was of necessi- 
ty, in its origin, colonial ; but on a new principle. A 
parental hand cherishes you in your infancy. Your 
commencement is founded in rights, not of a personal 
nature only, but of incipient sovereignty, never to be 
shaken. The national government promotes your 



568 T RESIDENT S T0U 11. 

growth, and in so doing, from the peculiar felicity of 
our system, promotes the growth and strength of the 
nation. At a future period, and on conditions just and 
reasonable, you will become a member of the Union, 
with all the rights of the original states. In the inter- 
im, the legislative body, composed of ihe representa- 
tives of a free people, your brethren, will always be rea- 
dy to extend a just and proper remedy to any incon- 
venience to which yon may be exposed. 

I partake with you in the most heartfelt satisfaction, 
at the present general prosperity of our country, and 
concur in sentiment respecting the causes to which it 
may be justly ascribed. By the termination of party 
divisions, and the union of ail our citizens in the sup- 
port of our republican government and institutions, of 
which I entertain, as I trust, a well founded hope, I 
anticipate a long continuance of all the blessings which 
we now enjoy. 

For your kind reception I oiler you my grateful ac- 
knowledgment. 

JAMES MONROE. 
To A. Edw t ards, Esq. Chairman of the Board of Trus- 
tees, City of Detroit. 

At Detroit, the President effected the great and 
leading object of his laborious Tour— viewing ihe points 
upon the sea-board, and upon the northern and western 
frontier, most exposed to the enemy, the better to 
enable him to devise the most efficient methods cf de- 
fending them. 

lie commenced his return to Washington through 
ihe interior of the State of Ohio. 

This state is one of the younger sisters of the Amer- 
ican family ; and, as it sometimes happens in the fami- 
lies of our species, the younger has become a successful 
rival to some of the elder ones. Less than half a cen- 

y ago, this important state was wholly possessed by 



PRESIDENT S TOUR. 



" 269 



the savages of the wilderness. Where the untutored 
and ferocious natives of America roved ahout, seeking 
a precarious subsistence from hunting and fishing, there 
are now cultivated fields, and beautiful villages. Where 
the war dance was performed, and the horrid yells of 
barbarians echoed through the forests, the refinements 
of civilized society, and the language of science and 
literature are enjoyed. 

Although the philanthropist may sigh and weep for 
the injuries which the almost exterminated aborigines 
of North America onee suffered — although the hero 
may admire the exalted courage of the Alfoiomocks> the 
Logans, and the Tccumsclis of the American natives ; 
yet the statesman, the moralist and the christian, wiM 
unite in rejoicing that the immense territory of our 
Republic, which, two centuries since, gave subsistence 
to but a small number of savages, is now the abode of 
ten millions of civilized and happy beings, originating 
from the eastern world, where from its crowded popu- 
lation, and the tyranny of its governours, men could 
hardly sustain life or enjoy it. 

The state of Ohiois about two hundred and fifty miles 
square. The settlement of it commenced soon after 
the close of the revolutionary war, and its inhabitants 
are principally from New-England. They carried with 
them their enterprize, their learning, their morals, and 
their habits, and have suddenly given this interesting 
state, an important rank in the constellation of the 
American Union. 

But few portions of the country are more finely or 
advantageously watered, than Ohio. The Muskingum,, 
Hokhocking, Sciota, Great and Little Miami fail into the 

Zo 



il To president's toujh 

beautiful Ohio river. The Cayahoga, Sandusky, Miami 
of the Lake and Grand river empty themselves into 
Lake Erie. 

This state was admitted into the Union in 1802, and, 
in 1810, contained nearly 250,000 inhabitants, which 
are said probably to have doubled since that period. 

In his itinerary progress through this state, although 
the high duties of the Chief Magistrate rendered it in- 
dispensably necessary that the President should reach 
the seat of government with all possible expedition, he 
was every where received with marked attention; ad- 
dressed with so much feeling and surrounded by such 
an admiring population, that he was almost compelled 
to fight his passage tlirough the ranks of his friends, to 
his home. 

I cannot omit the deeply interesting address of the 
citizens of Lancaster, 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The citizxns of Lancaster, in common with the peo- 
ple of the United States, hasten to express their felicita- 
tions upon receiving amongst them the man to whom 
a nation of freemen have confided their government, 
their constitution, and their laws. They have observed, 
with increasing interest, your progress through our 
country, the admiration elicited by your laborious and 
important services, and intimations of that unanimity 
of which they hope it will be productive. If in your 
reception here, we cannot, from the infant 9tate of this 
part of the Union, exhibit the highest refinements of 
the most polished society, we flatter ourselves that the 
offerings of the West are accompanied with warm and 
honest feeling for the honour thus voluntarily done us ; 
and with affection for him, who in this season of exami- 
nation has not overlooked us. We form a part, a small 
part indeed, of the body politic, but like the rest of qvlv 



president's tour. 271 

fellow citizens over whose hearts as well as interests 
you preside, we would claim the privilege of express- 
ing to the Chief Magistrate of the nation, our great sat- 
isfaction for his coming, in the intervals of public busi- 
ness, amongst a people with whom he cannot be too 
■well acquainted. The rising importance of this west- 
ern world, your excellency cannot fail to notice ; and 
its citizens feel an additional confidence that the ulti- 
mate information which this journey has enabled you 
to collect, wil| be used for its benefit and protection. 
As the theatre of the last war, it has claimed and re- 
ceived, and in all probability, as the theatre of a future 
war, it will still claim and receive the watchful atten- 
tion of the government. If in future your excellency, 
or any other in whom the devolution of the Presidency 
will have created the same interest in connection with 
the same responsibility, shall again traverse the land 
they govern, the citizens of Ohio, trust, that in the im- 
provements which the wants of our country may require, 
and which your experience and ability may suggest, 
you, or your successor may witness memorials more 
durable than brass of this timely and judicious itinera- 
tion. Even now the nations of Europe may see that 
he who has been raised to the highest elevation in the 
power of his countrymen to confer, is, wherever he goes, 
met with confidence, and parted from with regret. 

That your administration may greatly contribute to 
the promotion of the best interests and welfare of our 
common country ; that you, individually, may enjoy 
all the happiness of which humanity is susceptible ; 
and w hen you have laid down the burden of govern- 
ment, be crowned with the plaudits of a free and vir- 
tuous people, is the ardent wish of the citizens of Lan- 
caster and its vicinity. 

PHILEMON BEECHER, 
Chirman of the Committee, 

The President, with his usual facility, elegance and 
propriety, extemporaneously answered this address ; 
showing the deep interest he took in the progress of 
improvement in this section of the Union* 



2-72 president's tour. 

" On Saturday, the twenty-third of August, tfce 
President arrived at Delaware, Ohio, accompanied 
by generals Brown and Macomb, and escorted by the 
Committee of Arrangements. An address was pre- 
sented to him, to which he returned an appropriate 
answer. He passed the Sabbath of the 24th at that 
place. 

On Monday the 25th, he arrived at Columbus, where 
he was met by the Governour of Ohio, and received 
an Address from the Corporation, to which he made 
an affectionate and dignified verbal reply. 

On Tuesday, he arrived at the boundary of Picka- 
way county ; where he was received by a deputation, 
and escorted by a troop of horse, He lodged at 
Holmes 1 tavern. 

On Wednesday morning, the President arrived at 
Circleville ; was addressed by the Corporation, and 
returned an answer which won all the hearts of his 
hearers. He then continued his journey under an es- 
cort of cavalry. 

At the boundary of Ross county, he was met by a 
deputation of the Corporation of Chillicotke, and a 
iarse number of gentlemen on horseback, who escorted 
him to the Governour's residence on Prospect-hill, 
where he spent the night. 

On Thursday the President was escorted into Chilli- 
sothe, and was received by the Corporation, when 
Levin Belt, Esq. the Mayor, delivered to him the Fol- 
lowing Address. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Str — The citizens of ChiJIicothe have directed nv 
present you their most cordial welcome. 



president's TOUR. 2?o 

The progress of the ar(s and sciences has not reach- 
ed, in our state, the height which they possess in some 
of our sister states — but our love of country and devo- 
tedness to her welfare is not surpassed by any. The 
plain reception of our Chief Magistrate is consonant, 
we hope, with his republican principles. We are con- 
vinced that nothing can add more to the strong cement 
of union, than the presence and recognition of its 
moving power. The interchange of citizens and the 
exchange of civilities and attachments between the 
parts and the whole connected in the person of the 
President, forms a' barrier to civil feuds and a strong 
hold in times of adversity and foreign aggression. 

In this country, which, wheu a wilderness, attracted 
your early and persevering attention, you may now 
trace the footpath of industry and the highway of enter- 
prize ; and in your passing through it, the expressions 
of public opinion are the guarantee of its ready compli- 
ance with any duties that may be required. 

We can only reiterate the hope and confidence which 
we possess, that the splendid commencement of your 
Presidential career will be exceeded only by the mild 
and beneficial influence it will produce ou our political 
relations after your retirement. 

Accept our wishes, that, when you shall have com- 
pleted your coursf, the evening of your life may be as 
serene and happy, as its morning was eventful. 



The reply of the President was " elegant and im- 
pressive." 



Chillicothe has, for some time, been the seat of gov- 
ernment for the state of Ohio. It is situated upon the 
Sciota river, forty-five miles from its junction with the 
Ohio. It is handsomely built upon the west bank. 
Prospect-hill, the residence of the governour, is a de- 
lightful eminence, and commands a charming view oC 
Ihe picturesque country around it. Should this part 



274 president's tour. 

of the state progress in settlement, and advance in taste 
as rapidly as it has recently done, it will become one 
of the most beautiful sections of the state of Ohio. 
There are, in this place, a number of flourishing man- 
ufactories ; three edifices for public worship ; a state- 
house, in which the legislative power make laws ; a 
court-house, in which the judiciary expound them ; 
and a prison for the punishment of those who violate 
them. Great towns can claim but little more. 

" On his arrival at Zanesville, (Ohio,) he was met 
and greeted with mauy welcomes by the citizens of 
that town and Putnam, who jointly appointed a com- 
mittee to prepare an address, of which the following 
is a copy : 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The citizens of Zanesville and Putnam, 
through this committee, embrace with sincere pleasure 
the occasion of tendering to you their best wishes, and 
a cordial welcome on your safe arrival at this place. 

Sensible that we have little to offer which can be in- 
teresting to our Chief Magistrate, save the spontaneous 
affection and high regard which a free, independent 
and republican people entertain for the distinguished 
citizen whom they have voluntarily chosen to preside 
over the councils of this nation, and whose administra- 
tion has commenced under the most favourable auspi- 
ces ; we forbear to fatigue your attention by entering 
into a detail of the various and important views neces- 
sarily connected with the occasion and the time. 

We, however, congratulate you on the fortunate cir- 
cumstances that have combined to place the American 
Republic in a more exalted station among the nations of 



PRESIDENT S TOUR. 275 

{he earth, at the commencement of your administration, 
than at any former period during the administrations of 
your distinguished predecessors. 

Our confidence in your wisdom and fidelity to dis- 
charge the high duties of Chief Magistrate of a nation 
of freemen, is founded not only in the zeal and ability 
with which you have supported and defended the best 
interests of the American nation, during a long life of 
official labour, but, in the motives that have induced 
your present Tour, in which we discover Ibe most con- 
clusive evidence of your intention to qualify yourself, 
in an eminent degree, to watch over the destinies of a 
great, free, and happy people ; and we trust that the 
benefits to be derived from a practical view of the dif- 
ferent sections of the union, will amply compensate 
the sacrifice of personal ease, through the additional 
knowledge acquired of the means necessary to pro- 
mote the public welfare. 

The novel spectacle of beholding the first Magistrate 
of a great people, traversing an extensive empire in 
pursuit of such information, as will best enable him to 
discharge the important duties incident to his station, 
affords the strongest assurances of his entire devotion 
to the best interests of his country, and excites in the 
minds of his constituents, the most agreeable sensa- 
tions ; and amongst the incidents which will be recol- 
lected with pride and pleasure by the inhabitants of 
our villages, none will leave a stronger or more agreea- 
ble impression, than the cordial visit of their Chief 
Magistrate, and his distinguished suite. 

The western people, ever faithful to the principles 
of liberty and the integrity of the Union, will generally 
rejoice in the presence of their Chief Magistrate, whose 
anxiety for the public weal has brought him among 
them. And though our country at present exhibits but 
a faint view of cultivation and refinement, we trust our 
internal resources and natural advantages, with a dis- 
position further to improve them by industry and art, 
•will entitle us to a full share of the patronage and fos- 
tering care of the executive government. 

Sincerely hoping that you may enjoy health and com- 



21d president's tour. 

fort, and a safe return, (after the accomplishment of 
your further views) to the seat of the genera! govern- 
ment, and the society of your family and friends, is the 
united wish of all our hearts. 

In behalf °f ^ e Committee, 

D. CHAMBERS, Chairman, 

" To this addrass the President made an extempora- 
neous reply, of considerable length. The following 
sketch, taken from memory embraces the leading 
points of this answer : 

He commenced by expressing his high sense of the 
kind attentions of the citizens of Zanesvilie and Put- 
nam. He said the splendid etiquette of courts was not 
necessary to evince attachment ; and the unaffected 
Planner in which he had been received, comported with 
his principles and habits of plainness, and was most 
grateful to his feelings. 

He was gratified to find that the objects of his Tour 
v.ere so well understood and appreciated by his fellow 
citizens. He observed, that to provide for the public 
defence was the duty of the Chief Magistrate ; that for 
this purpose he had traversed the United States from 
the eastern extremity to Detroit, and had found a peo- 
ple, free, united, and resolved to maintain and defend 
their republican government. That the auspicious 
circumstances under which he commenced his execu- 
tiveduties, were the result of theefriclent resistance made 
to foreign aggression. We are now, (be observed,) in a 
state of peace ; but however desirous we may be for 
its continuance, all history, and especially the history of 
our own country, proves that we cannot always avoid 
■war. Should this evil again assail us., it was hoped we 



president's tour. 277 

should be found prepared : but in any event, the same 
zeal and courage of a free people, which have already 
been displayed, will again be brought into action. For 
what was it that lately effectually resisted the powerful 
attacks of a ruthless foe, who desolated our coast, and 
even let loose upon us the savages of the forest ? Was 
is not our army, our navy, and our brave militia and 
volunteers ? Men to whom the use of arms was imper- 
fectly known, till the occasion which demanded their 
employment. He also noticed in terms of approbation 
the conduct of the people of the western states, during 
the late contest with Great Britain. 

He remarked, that as Chief Magistrate of the nation, 
he was always happy to meet his fellow citizens ; but 
in his intercourse with them, while supporting the dig- 
nity of his station, he could never forget that he was 
also a citizen ; that in his progress through the state of 
Ohio, he perceived, with admiration and delight, the 
improvements which have been made by citizens from 
other states, many of whom, now present, must have 
found this country in a rude uncultivated state ; that he 
contemplated, with pleasure, such an augmentation of 
its strength ; that in a state of peace it is necessary to 
prepare for war ; for who amongst us can say how soon 
we may again be called upon to support, by force of 
arms, the principles of our government, and the inter- 
ests of the people ? In the event of another war, he 
should do his duty, and should rely on the co-opera- 
tion of his fellow citizens in doing theirs. He closed 
by repeating his thanks to the citizens for their atten- 
tions." 

A a 



278 PRESIDENT S TOUR. 

Zanesville is situated upon the west side of the river 
Muskingum, and is the capital of Muskingum county. 
It is very advantageously situated for manufacturing 
the various articles the necessities of the adjoining 
country call for. A company is formed in this town to 
prosecute the business with vigour. The productions 
of the surrounding country will enable this company to 
manufacture paper, glass, iron, hemp, flax, &c. to a 
very great extent. It has a Methodist church, an ele- 
gant court house, and over 2,000 inhabitants. 

Putnam, is situated in the vicinity of Zanesville ; has 
an excellent soil, and is rapidly acquiring that conse- 
quence, which a fertile country, inhabited by an enter- 
prising and industrious people, secures to itself. 

The President prosecuted his Tour, with great ex- 
pedition, and arrived at Cannonsburgh upon the 5th 
September. 

He here had the gratification of an interview with 
the faculty of the " original seat of literature in the 
west? which bears a name dear to the friends of A mer- 
ican freedom — venerated by the sons of science, and 
admired by the philosophers of the old and new world 
— Jefferson. The address from the corporation of 
Jefferson College, (delivered by the President of it,) 
is incorporated, with the highest pleasure, in this work. 
The President's answer, although not by him presented 
in writing, is undoubtedly very accurately reported. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The faculty of Jefferson College, together with 
the citizens of this borough, rejoice in the opportunity 
of presenting their respectful salutations to the Chief 
Magistrate of the nation. We, with our fellow citizens 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 279. 

in otber sections of the union, view your Tour through 
the different states as a favourable indication of your de- 
voted attachment to the real interests of the people 
over whom you preside. Under your auspices, we an- 
ticipate the rising splendour of our literary institutions, 
and of all those establishments which contribute to the 
independence, wealth and general prosperity of our 
country. 

We therefore hail you, sir, upon your arrival at the 
original seat of literature in the west, with sentiments of 
the greatest cordiality aud respect. This was the con- 
secrated spot which first gave birth to science in this 
western region. This institution, as a college, was 
founded in honour of your illustrious predecessor, Mr. 
Jefferson, in 1802 ; and has since been the principal 
nursery of literature in the western country. 

Besides the common elementary course of literature, 
it has been the constant aim in this institution, to in- 
spire the minds of youth with those principles of piety 
and virtue, with those ennobling sentiments and that 
sincere love of truth and duty, which are the greatest 
ornaments of human character, and which are best cal- 
culated to form the man and the citizen. 

It has been the object of this seminary, according to 
the most enlightened views of human nature, and the 
interests of society, that we could obtain, to preserve 
in close alliance the interests of religion and learning, 
of piety and virtue, as essential to the energy and effect 
of our political institutions, and as greatly subservient 
to public order, harmony and liberty. We have ever 
viewed sound morality and intelligence as the great 
supports of free government, and the principal guaran- 
tee of our rights and privileges, both civil and religious. 

In this representation of our views of the general 
object of public education, and the influence of sound 
morality and science in supporting our republican insti- 
tutions, we are persuaded, sir, they accord with your 
own sentiments, and refer to objects which you judge 
worthy of high consideration. 

We present to your view, sir, that portion of the 
youth of our country, which now attend this institution j 



280 PRESIDENT'S TOLH. 

and we are happy that we can bear testimony of their 
regard to the interesting objects of literary pursuits, and 
to those attainments on which their future usefulness 
depends. We indeed exhibit an emblem of the simpli- 
city of republican manners, which to a man of your dis- 
cernment and intelligence, cannot operate as a dispar- 
agement, provided we endeavour to cherish those gen- 
erous affections, and aim at those solid acquirements-, 
whieh shall bind us to our county, and render us in- 
strumental in promoting its interest and strengthening 
and protecting its precious institutions. 

Permit us, with our fellow citizens, to congratulate 
you, sir, upon the auspicious circumstances which at- 
tend the commencement of your administration ; cir- 
cumstances which cannot fail to unite you and the peo- 
ple together, and impress the public mind with the be- 
lief of your devoted attachment in the best interests of 
our common country* Accept our earnest wishes and 
prayers for its prosperous course and happy issue ; and 
indulge us with expressing the desire that when you 
are engaged in the appropriate functions of your high 
station, you may enjoy the favour and blessing of hea- 
ven, and that it may be our privilege by fidelity, and 
perseverance in our respective spheres, under the smiles 
of the same beneficent Providence, to co-operate in 
the work of patriotism, by din* using the light of know- 
ledge and the saving influence of religion and morals. 

Cannousburgh, Sept. 5th, 1817. 

THE PRESIDENTS ANSWER. 

I thank you, Sir, and this Committee, for the respect 
and friendship with which I have been received on ray 
arrival here. Be assured, Sir, that I am deeply affect- 
ed with it. s 

When I first meditated this Tour, which was some 
time before I left the seat of governmeut, I thought it 
would be practicable, and it was my desire, to perform 
it nearly in the character of a private citizen. But 
finding my fellow citizens wished otherwise, and every 
where met me with expressions of respect and attacu 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 28-1 

menl, I yielded to their wishes, and have met them 
with the same feelings. In these expressions of pub- 
lic regard, which my humble services could not inspire, 
I gee the fixed attachment of the people to the princi- 
ples of our free government. 

I am happy in meeting with this faculty and these 
young men. The views of the nature and object of 
public education contained in your address, agree with 
my own. During my Tour through an extensive coun- 
try, I have met with many similar institutions, all en- 
tertaining nearly the same sentiments respecting the 
instruction of youth. And, I ask you, sir, in what more 
noble principles could they be instructed, than those of 
virtue and our holy religion ? These are the most solid 
bases on which our free government can rest, and that 
they should be instilled into the rising youth of our 
country, to whom its destinies are soon to be consign- 
ed is of high importance. The aged pass away in rapid 
succession and give place to the younger; those who 
are now the hope of their country will soon become its 
pride. Educated in these principles, we can, with 
confidence, repose our free government and the inter- 
ests of our beloved country in their care, assured that 
they will preserve, protect, and cherish them, and will 
fill the place of those who have gone before them, with 
equal honour and advantage. I was led into the sub- 
ject, on which I have dwelt, because it is pleasing to 
me, by the observations contained in your address. 

With respect to the objects of my Tour, you do me 
justice. You all know how necessary it is that a per- 
son, in my station, should be acquainted with the cir- 
cumstances and situation of the country over which he 
presides. To acquire this knowledge, I have visited 
our marine coasts and inland frontiers, parts most ex- 
posed to invasion. Having accomplished the objects of 
my Tour to the full extent I at first contemplated, to 
me, sir, it is peculiarly gratifying, now on my return to 
the seat of government, to be hailed with the sentiments 
of approbation contained in your address. 

To me it is a source of high satisfaction, that in all 
the places which I have visited in this Tour, I have 

A a ^ 



^8Z FKLSIDENt's TOUJt. 

found the people so generally united, and so strongly 
attached to the pinciples of our excellent constitution. 
In the union of the people, our government is suffi- 
ciently strong, and on this union I confidently rely. 
Our government has proved its strength. We have ter- 
minated, with honour, a war carried on against a power- 
ful nation, and that nation peculiarly favoured by fortu- 
nate circumstances. Our army gained glory ; our na- 
vy acquired equal renown ; and all classes of citizens, 
as opportunity offered, and where the pressure was 
greatest, acquitted themselves with honour. 

This nation is now respectable for numbers, and more 
respectable as an enlightened people, f'hat its future 
happiness and glory may answer to its present prosper* 
ity, is my sincere desire. 

Be assured, Sir, that I shall always take a deep inter- 
est in the prosperity of this institution. It is known 
at a distance among scientific men. You have chosen 
for it a name not unknown abroad to science, and which 
to me is peculiarly interesting. I avail myself of this 
opportunity of bearing my testimony to the talents, 
learning, and great public services of that venerable 
statesman and philosopher, whose name you have pre- 
fixed to your institution. 

Accept, gentlemen, my grateful acknowledgments 
for the kindness with which I have been received, and 
my sincere wishes for your individual happiness and 
•prosperity. 

Catmonsburgh is situated in Washington county, Pa. 
The country around it, is fertile and charming ; the 
town, although small, is handsomely built - r and the uni- 
versity there established, imparts to it a consequence, 
which a well organized seminary, for the education 
of youth, secures to the place where it is established. 

After enjoying the delightful and exhilirating inter- 
view at Cannonsburgh, the President left that place, 
and arrived, the same day, at Pittsburgh, 



WUSSi&ENrd tour. 283 

At this place the President found himself at the head 
of one of the most beautiful streams, probably, in the 
universe. It has not yet been celebrated by the mus- 
es ; for it has, for nearly six thousand years, rolled, in 
silent majesty, through the towering forests of the new 
world. Though this mode of expression may be deem- 
ed a solecism, yet that portion of the world that has 
remained in a state of nature, from the time the fiat of 
creative power brought worlds into existence, and 
commanded light to be, and it was, may be called new, 
when the light of science begins to shed its beams up- 
on its bosom, and the production of art becomes the 
handmaid of nature. It would not be the madness of a 
deranged imagination, to conclude that this stream, in 
process of time, will become as much celebrated as the 
Gawrcs' of Asia ; the Nile of Africa, and the Danube 
of Europe. In giving this future importance to the 
Ohio, the Mississippi, and the Missouri cannot be for- 
gotten, as exceeding it in length and in importance. 
These astonishing streams may, hereafter, as civiliza- 
tion progresses in the wilds of the American Republic, 
become rivals to the Ohio. The expanded works of 
nature, and the unceasing energy of Americans, are 
both calculated to make that portion of the Western 
Continent which lies north of the Isthmus of Darien^ 
the most important theatre upon which men have ex- 
erted the faculties belonging to them. 

The Ohio first takes that name at the city of Pitts- 
burgh. All the great streams in North America still 
retain the names given to them by the natural proprie- 
tors of the soil ; and many of the States have taken 
their, names from these majestic rivers. 



23-* president's tour. 

The Monongahela and the Alleghany ', each seeking a 
passage to the Atlantic, unite at Pittsburgh, and form 
the Ohio. Their united waters, with the tributary 
streams that flow into it, pour into the Mississippi, and, 
through that reach the ocean at New-Orleans. The 
length of this noble river, from its head at Pittsburgh, 
to its confluence with the Mississippi, is 1100 miles. It 
is navigable to Pittsburgh, in the time of a fresh, for 
square rigged vessels. 

" On Friday, the 5th, the citizens of Pittsburgh 
were gratified by the long anticipated arrival of the 
President. On this occasion we believe that no exer- 
tion was spared, and no mark of attention omitted, to 
render the reception of our distinguished visitor cor- 
dial and respectful. A few miles from the city he was 
met by the Committee of Arrangement, and conduc- 
ted to the ferry, where an elegaut barge, rowed by 
four sea-captains, waited his approach. As he descen- 
ded the hill to the river, a national salute was fired 
from the city, and a band of music attended the barge 
while crossing. On landing, he was received with mili- 
tary honours by Capt. Irwin's company of volunteer 
light infantry, and by the citizens, with loud acclama- 
tions. A coach with four horses waited to convey him 
to his-lodgings, but observing that the authorities of 
the city were on foot, he chose to walk also. 

He was conducted to the house of William WiSkins, 
Esq. where preparation had been making for his re- 
ceptior. 

On the following morning, the municipality of the city 
waited on him, and the following address was delivered 



president's tour. 285 

by James Ross, Esq. President of the select council, 
and chairman of the committee of arrangement. 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

president of the united states. 

Mr. President : 

The select and common councils, the mayor, alder* 
men, and citizens of Pittsburgh, have instructed me to 
offer you their congratulations and most cordial wel- 
come on your arrival in this city. 

We rejoice at seeing a President of the United States 
for the first time upon the western waters ; and the 
interest we feel in this visit, is gieatly enhanced by the 
lively recollection that we see in his person, the early, 
uniform, active friend of the western country, who was 
finally successful in securing to us the invaluable right 
of free communication with the ocean through the Mis- 
sissippi ; an attainment second in magnitude only to 
national independence itself, and inseparably connected 
with it. 

We anticipate the happiest results from your person- 
al examination of the frontier, as well as of the interior 
of this portion of the union ; your confidence in the 
resources of the great republic over which you preside, 
will be strengthened by observing our unexampled in- 
crease of population, our habitual industry, our progress 
in agriculture, manufactures, and the useful arts, and 
the immense region of fertility which yet remains a 
public stock. 

While the people witness your paternal attention to 
their local advantages and wants, as well as to their ex- 
ternal safety, and see the public good anxiously sought 
out and cherished in the west as well as the east, with- 
out distinctions of persons or places, we are perfectly 
assured, that their affections, as well as their duty, will 
every where unite them in support of the measures 
you may find most conducive to the public interest 
during your administration. 

We ardently wish you the continuance of long life 



) 



2S6 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

and health to pursue the course you have so auspi- 
ciously begun, and that at the end of your career you 
may receive aud enjoy the richest reward of a patriot's 
toils — national gratitude for having augmented national 
happiness. 

With great pleasure I avail myself of this occasion 
to renew to you the assurances of my own very high 
consideration and respect. 

To which the President returned the following Answer. 

TO JAMES ROSS, Esq. 
Chairman of the Committee deputed by the city of 

Pittsburgh. 

Sir — Returning from a Tour along a large portion of 
our Atlantic and inland frontiers, which was undertaken 
from a, sense of duty, I am happy to pass through this 
town, and have been much gratified by the friendly re- 
ception which has been given me by the Select and 
Common Councils, and by the Mayor, Aldermen, and 
Citizens of Pittsburgh. 

Knowing no difference between the just claims of 
one portion of our country and another, I consider it 
my duty to attend equally to the rights and interests of 
the whole. It is on this principle that I undertook this 
Tour, and that I shall extend it hereafter, should I be 
blessed with health, to other parts of our union. 

Having, from very early life, in every station I have 
held, used my best efforts to obtain for my fellow citi- 
zens the free navigation of the Mississippi, no one could 
be more gratified than I was, at its final accomplish- 
ment. The favourable opinion which you kindly ex- 
press of my services, in support of that great right, is 
peculiarly gratifying to me ; I owe it however, to can- 
dour to state, that I have no other merit than that of 
an honest zeal exerted in its support, in obedience to 
the instructions of the government, under which I act- 
ed, and in harmony with my venerable associate in the 
treaty which secured it. 

1 have seen, with great interest, in this. Tour, the 



president's tour. 287 

• 

most satisfactory proofs of the rapid growth of this 
portion of our union ; of the industry of its inhabit- 
ants ; and of their progress in agriculture, manufac- 
tures, and the useful arts. I have derived great satis- 
faction, also, from the opportunity it has afforded me, 
of forming a more just estimate, than I could other- 
wise have obtained, of the vast amount, great fertility, 
and value of public lands, yet to be disposed of. 

Devoted to the principles of our free republican 
constitution ; incapable of discriminating between the 
rights and interests of the eastern and western sections 
of our union ; and having no friendships to serve, or 
resentments to gratify, at the expense of the public 
welfare, I shall steadily pursue these objects, by such 
a course of impartial and upright policy, as shall ap- 
pear, according to my best judgment, most likely to se- 
cure them. Acting on these principles, I shall always 
calculate with confidence on the support of my fellow 
citizens in such measures as may be found conducive to 
the public welfare. 

Permit me, Sir, to offer through you to the Select 
and Common Councils, the Mayor, Aldermen and citi- 
zens of Pittsburgh, my best wishes for their welfare, 
and to request you to be assured of my great considera- 
tion, and respect for you personally. 

JAMES MONROE. 

On the same morning the President visited the United 
States' arsenal near this place. On Sunday morning 
he attended the Episcopal church, and in the afternoon 
the Presbyterian meeting. 

Pittsburgh is situated at the junction of the rivers 
Monongahela and Alleghany, where the Ohio begins its 
passage to the Mississippi. 

When every consideration is taken into view, it 
would not be deemed a groundless assertion, to say that 
Pittsburgh is more advantageously situated than any 
other town in the northwestern section of the union. 



28 S president's tour. 

Surrounded by a fertile country upon the banks of the AI 
leghany, lYIonongahela, and Ohio, which is rapidly ad- 
vancing in population and agriculture — enjoying every 
advantage for manufactures, and the benefits of naviga- 
tion, 2000 miles to New-Orleans — situated in a latitude 
where the climate is congenial to almost every constitu- 
tion — inhabited, principally, by the robust, persevering 
and ingenious sons of New-England, it would not be ex- 
travagant to anticipate, that, at no distant period, Pitts- 
burgh will hold a rank with the first interior towns in 
the northern section of the American Republic. l f he 
ease and facility with which the great streams of North 
America can be navigated by the almost boundless pow- 
er of steam, enables that portion of citizens who inhabit 
their banks, to find a ready market for their surplus 
produce, and to bring to their doors the productions of 
every quarter of the globe. The want of science, and 
of experience, has recently occasioned some melan- 
choly accidents in this mode of navigation ; danger, 
however, is constantly diminishing as the conductors 
of steam vessels acquire accurate knowledge from cor- 
rect practice. 

It must be remembered that Pittsburgh is a new town. 
It is undoubtedly within the memory of main* of the 
living, when the country, at the head of the Ohio, was 
a wilderness. Those who now traverse that part of 
our Republic, aud make a tarry at this town, and ex- 
plore the adjoining country, will immediately come to 
the conclusion, that from its present appearances, it 
must possess peculiar advantages. 

In the early stages of the settlement of the U. States^ 
accident or necessity gave importance to some place?. 



president's touR. 283 

which now furnish evidence of nothing bat ancient en- 
terprize. The horrors of savage warfare prevented 
settlements in places the most favoured by nature in the 
country, and the fear of the tomahawks and the arrrows 
of its natives, rendered it hazardous even to explore 
them. Now almost every part of that portion of the 
continent under the jurisdiction of the government of 
the American Republic, is familiarly known ; and many 
parts of it, which, half a century since, took the lead 
in agriculture, commerce, and manufactures, are now 
either stationary or retrograding ; while other parts 
of it, which were then without the print of an Ameri- 
can's foot upon its surface, are now the regions of civi- 
lization, industry, science, and taste. The time when 
the settlement of Pittsburgh commenced is not accurate- 
ly known, and cannot be mentioned ; but it is believ- 
ed not to be forty years since. It now contains eight 
edifices for public worship, a court house and prison, 
an academy, and three banks. The manufactories in 
this place are more numerous and more various than in 
many places three times its age, It has rolling and 
slitting mills, flour and paper mills, woollen and wire 
factories, all conducted by steam. It has manufacto- 
ries for white and green glass, for white and red lead ; 
indeed it would be surprising to those who have lived 
in the old part of this new world, to witness the great 
diversity of business prosecuted here with success by 
the owners, aud with great advantage to the sur- 
rounding country. The population of this place, at 
this time 5 is estimated at 10,000. 

The President spent some time in this interesting 

Bb 






290 PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

town, ant! in its vicinity, examining, with minute atten- 
tion, the various manufactories, admiring the surround- 
ing country, and enjoying the cordial attachment of the 
citizens. 

He left this place upon the 10th September, and pros- 
ecuted the remaining part of his Tour with great ra- 
pidity to Washington. It is impossible to notice the nu- 
merous demonstrations of respectful and sincere attach- 
ment every where shown the President in the long 
range of fertile and flourishing country, from the head of 
the Ohio, to the city of Washington. His passage through 
this part of the country was so expeditious, that the 
people could have but little notice of his approach ; 
and could not display that arrangement in welcoming 
their beloved Chief, which many large towns, which he 
approached more slowly and visited more leisurely, had 
an opportunity to make. Indeed the President, having 
for more than three months, been surrounded by multi- 
tudes of citizens ; escorted by numerous bodies of sol- 
diers, and formally addressed by numerous corpora- 
tions, must have found it a relief to pass through a coun- 
try where the people could not bestow upon him any, 
but the sudden and spontaneous effusions of admiration. 
The citizens of Hagerstown, however, having ascer- 
tained the time when he would reach that place, ad- 
dressed him as follws : 

" Suitable arrangements having been made to re- 
ceive him by a committee appointed for that purpose ; 
the following address, on behalf of the citizens, was de- 
livered by Colonel Otho Williams." 



president's tour. 29: 

TO JAMES 310NROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The citizens of Hagerstown, by their committee ap~ 
pointed for that purpose, beg leave to welcome you to 
this place, and to offer you their cordial and respectful 
salutations. They sincerely unite with their country- 
men, in the expressions of esteem and confidence to 
which your character and exalted station entitle you. 
The visit with which you are pleased to honour them, 
is highly gratifying, and they are happy that the Tour 
of your Excellency, undertaken for the promotion of 
objects of great national importance, affords them an op- 
portunity of bidding their Chief Magistrate a cordial 
welcome. 

Whilst the arduous journey you have encountered, 
affords to many of your fellow citizens the opportunity 
of seeing you, they rejoice, at the same time in the be- 
lief that the information, relative to the great and vari- 
ous interests of the United States, which you have de- 
rived from actual observation, will facilitate your ar- 
rangements for their future defence and security. 

They unite their best wishes for your health and hap- 
piness, and pray that the blessings of heaven may at- 
tend you through life, and that you may have the pleas- 
ure of seeing our beloved country prosperous and hap- 
py under your auspices, and that the course and close 
of your administration may entitle you to the gratitude 
and affection of the people of the United States, and the 
respect of posterity. 

The President left this place upon the 16th, and, up- 
on the same day reached Fredericktown, the seat cf 
justice for Frederick county, Maryland. He here 
reached a town, situated upon one of the tributary 
streams of the Potomack, upon the banks of which he 
was born. The citizens of this place welcomed the 
man " the people delight to honour? They addressed 
him in the following; terms : 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 

TO HIS EXCELLENCY JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of 
Frederick, just apprised of your arrival amongst them? 
hasten to offer you their warmest congratulations, on 
your safe return, thus far, from a Tour, performed 
i'rom the highly laudable and patriotic motive of pro- 
moting your country's weal. They are also particu- 
larly gratified, that you have favoured them with a 
visit, as flattering as it was unexpected ; and beg leave 
to oifer you their best wishes for your private happi- 
ness, and prosperous discharge of your official duties. 
They will also be pleased with an increased gratifica- 
tion, if your arrangements will permit you to dine with 
them, and the citizens of Frederick, to-morrow, at 
three o'clock. 

LAWRENCE BRENGLE, Mayor. 

« To which the President made an appropriate ver- 
bal reply. He observed that he had undertaken the 
'Tour for the purpose of informing himself as to the ac- 
tual state of fortifications, &c. that he was now on his 
return from accomplishing that object. Public busi- 
ness demanding his immediate attention at Washington, 
he was under the necessity of declining the polite invi- 
tation of the citizens of Fredericktown to a public din- 
ner, however much his private feelings might urge him 
to the acceptance of that mark of respect. He felt 
gratified that his tour had been attributed to the prop- 
er motive, the disposition to promote the prosperity of 
his country." 

Upon the morning of the 17th September, the Presi-, 
dent commenced the day's travel which was to com- 
plete his extensive, interesting, laborious, and highly 
important Tour 



president's tour. 293 

It excites no surprise that the passage of the Supreme 
Magistrate of a great people, inhabiting an extensive 
country, should raise the curiosity, and excite the ad- 
miration, and even the wonder of that portion of the 
people who occupy parts of it remote from the seat of 
government. It is there where the power of the ruler 
assumes the most imposing aspect — it is there where 
his character developes itself most impressively — it is 
there where he is most familiarly known. Ferdinand 
the VII. may be adored by the wretched peasants who 
reside at the base of the Pyrenees, and who drag out a 
miserable existence near the bay of Biscay. But how 
is he estimated at his court, where the inquisition is 
wielded as the weapon of his vengeance, and where 
he drags to the torture and the scaffold, the veterans 
who brough him from exile to his throne, and who still 
support him in his horribly abused power ? 

The long absence of the President of the United- 
States, from Washington, elicited the ardent sparks of 
joy upon his return. His departure from that place 
left a vacuum in the political centre of the American 
Republic, like that which the exit cf Samuel Johnson 
made in the modern literary world. 

To use the language of one of the most finished schol- 
ars of later limes, it " left a vacuum which nothing beside, 
not only could not fill, but which nothing beside had any 
tendency to fill? His approach to this place, was hail- 
ed with that joy, with which children bail the approach 
of a beloved parent to the bosom of his beloved family- 
It shews that " those who knovj him best, love him most? 
During his passage from Fredericktown to Washington,, 
the people could do nothing but watch his movement 



Bb 



o 



294 PRESIDENT'S T.OESL. 

with silent admiration, blessing hinviu their hearts, at- 
their political father, and in their hearts welcoming 
his return to the place he fills with so much dignity— 
the Chair of State. 

He was thus received at Washington : 

" On Wednesday, (the 1 7th September.) .just at the 
(ting of the sun, the President arrived from hie 
northern Tour, at the house prepared for the dwelling 
of the Chief Magistrate of the nation. On his ap- 
proach to the District, he was met, a few miles from 
Georgetown, by the Mayor, and a deputation of citi- 
zens from that town, who welcomed his return. At 
ihe limits of the District, he was met by a cavalcade of 
citizens, from the District generally, on horseback, and 
in carriages, who were soon joined by a troop of horse 
from Alexandria, and a band of music, who escorted 
him to Ms dwelling in this city. On his approach to 
he lines of Georgetown, he was greeted by a national 
salute from a detachment of Georgetown artillery, which 
was responded by Fort Washington. On approaching 
lis mansion, the President was received by the Marine 
Corps, under the command of Major Miller, with the 
honour due to his station. He dismounted at the door 
A his residence, and was received by many of his fel- 
low citizens, who waited his arrival. Gen. J. P. Van 
Ness, delivered a verbal congratulation and welcome to 
the President, in behalf of the citizens of the District 
of Columbia ; to which he gave a very affectionate re- 
ply, and adverted to objects and circumstances of his 
Tour j spoke of the cordiajity with which he was ere- 



PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 2b*3 

ry where received on his arduous Tour, and of the 
prosperity of the country, generally, through which 
he had travelled ; and expressed much satisfaction at the 
manifestation of a national feeling and attachment to the 
true principle of the constitution. After concluding, 
he retired, in the midst of the hearty cheers of the spec- 
iators, who immediately dispersed, and left him to that 
repose his fatigues required. 

On Thursday, at 12 o'clock, agreeably to previous 
arrangement, the Mayor of the City of Washington, and 
the Members of the Board of Aldermen and of Common 
Council, waited on the President ; and Benjamin G. 
Orr, Esq. the Mayor, presented to him, in behalf of the 
City, the following address : 

.Mr. President, 

Your fellow citizens and neighbours cannot receive 
you amongst them after the interesting and useful Tour 
you have taken, without using the occasion to demon- 
strate their high respect and attachment. 

The people, sir, in their undivided and unrestrained 
honours to their Chief Magistrate, have not only done 
justice to merit, but have done more : they have 
strengthened their government by spontaneous manifes- 
tations of their happiness and unanimity ; they have 
developed the highly interesting fact, that that system 
is best which interferes least with the rights inherent 
in every rational creature, and which secures the bles- 
sings of civilization, by the moral sense of the nation, 
more than by the coercive arm of the civil and military- 
power. 

In the Tour which you have just finished, we have 
sympathized with you in your fatigues, and exulted 
with you in the extraordinary demonstrations of the 
nation's love, which, though sometimes oppressive, are 
always grateful. Despotic rulers obtahi-'the adulation 



2SG president's tola, 

of slaves, whom, by their vices, they have made mj 9- 
erable ; but you, the choice of a free and enlightened 
people, receive assurances of approbation and esteem, 
from those you largely participate in rendering happy. 
The pleasure which your return affords us, is aug- 
mented, by the consideration that we have now the op- 
portunity of addressing you in the dwelling which the 
nation has once more prepared for the reception and 
accommodation of the Chief Magistrate of the United 
States. In these sentiments, the mayor, board of alder- 
men, and board of common council, cordially unite with 
the citizens of Washington, in tendering you the wel- 
come of friendship, in the language of candor and in the 
fullness of affection and confidence. 

To which the President returned the following re- 
ply : 

To the mayor, board of aldermen, and board of common 
council of the City of Washington. 

I cannot express, in sufficiently strong terms, the 
gratification which I feel in returning to the seat of gov- 
ernment, after the long and very interesting Tour in 
which I have been engaged ; and I beg you to be assur- 
ed that nothing can contribute more to dissipate the fa- 
tigue to which I have been exposed, than the very cor- 
dial reception which has been given me by my fellow- 
citizens and neighbours, of the city and district. 

1 shall always look back to the important incidents oi 
my late Tour with peculiar satisfaction. I flatter my- 
self that I have derived from it information which will 
be very useful in the discharge of the duties of the high 
trust confided to me ; and, in other respects, it has af- 
forded me the highest gratification. In all that portion 
of our country, through which I have passed, I have 
3een, with delight, proofs the most conclusive, of the 
devotion of cur fellow citizens to the principles of our 
free republican government, and to our happy union. 
The spontaneous and independent manner in which 
these sentiments were declared, by the great body o? 
the people, with other marked circumstances attending 



president's tour. 297 

them, satisfied me that they came from the heart. Uni- 
ted firmly in the support of these great, these vital in- 
terests, we may fairly presume that all difficulty on mi- 
nor questions will disappear. 

In returning to the rity of Washington, I rejoice to 
iind the public building, intended for the accommodation 
of the Chief Magistrate, in a state to receive me, and 
to admit within it this friendly interview with you, 

JAMES MONROE. 

The President was now in the bosom of his friends, 
and surrounded by a cabinet harmonizing with him in 
his extensive views for advancing the individual happi- 
ness, the permanent interest and the national glory of 
his countrymen. 

He resumed the exercise of the high functions of his 
Presidential office, with a knowledge of an extensive 
and important section of his native country, which he 
could not have acquired so perfectly as he had done in 
any mode but by personal observation. It can hardly 
be expected of any jkaw, in any station, that he will 
wholly divest himself of local prepossessions, and per- 
sonal attachments. It ought not to be hoped. It 
woujd be doing violence to our nature, to accomplish 
it, if it were possible. The visionary notion of the 
cosmopolite, which embraces the whole family of man 
as equally dear to him- — which places the same estima- 
tion upon the Arab of Africa, the Hindoo of Asia, and 
the Cossack of Europe, as he does upon his own coun- 
trymen is so pregnant with absurdity, that it would dis- 
grace the intellect of the lunatic. But that the whole 
family of the American Republic should love each oth- 
er as brethren, is not only desirable, but it is practica 
ble, It was the sreat dcsukzatmn of the sainted Wa?i> 



1198 president's tour. 

ington — it was the ardent wish of the great Jefferson. 
The repeated declarations of James Monroe, as well 
as his whole official conduct, from his minority to this 
period of his life, shows his wishes upon this subject. 
" Knowing,," (he says,) " no difference between the 
just claims of one portion of our country and another, I 
consider it my duty to attend equally to the rights and 
interests of the whole. Incapable of discriminating hc- 
iween the rights and interests of the Eastern and Western 
sections of the Union ; and having no friendships to serve, 
or resentments to gratify, at the expense of the public wel- 
fare, 1 shall steadily pursue the objects most likely to se- 
cure the??*" 

An entire union of sentiment, upon political subjects, 
is not to be expected among a people who think for 
themselves, read for themselves, and act for themselves. 
The sentiment, that " the people are their own worst 
enemies" is not correct, as it relates to the intelligent 
citizens of our Republic. It may be true, as it relates 
to the uneducated and oppressed peasantry cf Europe ; 
but here, thanks to the literary institutions of our 
country, we have no such peasantry. From the Presi- 
dent, who fills the chair of state, to the humblest la- 
bourer, who earns his bread by the sweat of his brow, 
every one knows his rights, and will not, patiently, suf- 
fer oppression. Every citizen of the Republic pos- 
sesses means of some information upon political subjects. 
Possessing this, he reasons for himself, and will not be 
dictated to, in regard to his opinions, by an imperious 
miser, or an aspiring demagogue. One consequence 
of this intelligence is political parties, and they never 
will ce'asc to exist ia this country, until the paralizitfg 



president's toujr. 299 

effects of sottish ignorance shall have paved the road to 
despotic power. That erroneous opinions may be 
adopted, is without a question ; but " errors of opinion 
will never become dangerous, as long as reason is left 
free to combat them." 

The greatest danger arises from the apprehension 
that one section of the Republic may become hostile to 
another. It is against this, that the great men just men- 
tioned, have raised their warning voices to their coun- 
trymen. The division of the Union, will be the de- 
struction of the Republic. The bundled reeds can 
withstand the arm of the giant ; separately, they may 
be broken by the child. 

Fears that arise from this source are greatly allayed 
by the increasing prevalence of a national feeling.— 
Whatever may have been the effect of the second war 
for American Independence, upon different portions of 
the Republic, its termination did much to eradicate sec- 
tional prejudices. However diverse may be the pur- 
suits or the interests of the different parts of the coun- 
try, they may be made to produce mutual benefit. If 
that portion of the Union which lies East of the Alle- 
ghany, has a soil less productive than that upon the 
West, it is bounded upon an ocean, upon which many 
of her sons have found an home ; and enables them to 
be carriers of the immense productions of that region 
of fertility. The three great pillers of national wealth 
and national power— Agriculture, Matiufactures, and 
Commerce, may be prosecuted in different parts, the 
advantages will redound to the benefit of the whole, and 
augment the greatness of the Republic. 

The recent Tour of the President, a brief account 



300 PRESIDENTS TOUJl. 

of which is now brought to a conclusion, has drawa 
from him his sentiments upon the great and important 
principles upon which our republic is constituted.-— 
The numerous and elegant Addresses that were deliv- 
ered to him upon his journey, may be considered as the 
deliberate opinion of the people in those parts of the 
country where they were presented. His Answers to 
them, although made upon the spur of the occasion, 
elicited from him the results of long experience, and 
called forth his opinions upon the great subjects upon 
which the vital interests of the republic depend. 

It is sincerely to be hoped, that geographical distinc- 
tions, and local prepossessions will shortly cease to ex- 
ist in our beloved Republic as it regards opinions ; that 
the Virginian, the Tennesseean, the Pennsyhanian and 
New-Englander, will all embrace each other, as brethren 
of the same family, and greet each other as fellow citi- 
zens of the only real Republic, at this time, upon earth ; 
that, as the highest privileged people on the globe, we 
may unite our efforts to render the privileges we enjoy 
secure ; and that every American may exclaim, with 
an ancient patriot, when reflecting upon the blessing 
his country enjoyed, " be they perpetual." 

The President's^rsf Tour, having occupied nim thro' 
the months of June, July, August, and half of Septem- 
ber, 1817 — having traversed the country in a course 
which compelled him to travel three thousand miles, 
he found, upon his return, that the business in the Ex- 
ecutive Department required the most intent applica- 
tion. With the readiness with which an experienced 
and practical statesman discharges his duty, he arranged 



president's TO! ft. 301 

ilie affairs of the Cabinet — and upon the last week in 
November, in the vicinity of Washmgioji, the Capital, 
he visited Fort Washington, recently advanced toward 
perfection, for the defence of a place, which, in flag- 
rant violation of the laws of civilized warfare, was par- 
tially destroyed in the second war between America and 
Great Britain. The citizens of Alexandria, (Col.) 
welcomed the President into the District, and their Ci- 
ty, by every demonstration of respect which the civil 
and military powers could display, and thus affectionr 
ulcly, and patriotically addressed him. 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir— The further prosecution of the important ob- 
ject of your late tour has brought you to our town. 
It is with pleasure that the mayor and common council! 
of Alexandria, in behalf of themselves, and their fel- 
low citizens, offer to you their cordial and respectful 
salutations upon your arrival among us. In you, sir, 
we behold not only the chief of the nation, but the 
executive magistrate of this district. Confiding in the 
purity of your intentions, and believing that the pow- 
ers vested in you by the constitution, will be used with 
a due regard to the welfare of the people, whose dearest 
interests are entrusted to your paternal care, we avail 
ourselves of this occasion to express our sincere hope, 
that the auspicious circumstances which attended the 
commencement of your administration, may, with the 
blessings of our heavenly Father, under your direction, 
unite to promote the solid and permanent good of our 
beloved country. We feel every assurance that the 
peculiar interests and welfare of the district of Colum- 
bia will receive your attentive consideration, and that 
such measures will be recommended by you to congress, 
as are, in your opinion, best calculated to promote the 
prosperity of the district. With these sentiments we 
unite in our ardent wishes for your present and future 

Cc 



302 president's tour. 

happiness, and that it may please the supreme Gover- 
nour of the world so to guide you, that the course of 
your administration may entitle you to the gratitude 
and affection of your fellow citizens, and the respect of 
future generations. 



The President extemporaneously replied : 

That he received with pleasure the kind attention of 
the town of Alexandria ; that from the circumstance of 
having known the town from his early youth, and en- 
tertaining a friendship for many of its inhabitants, the 
marks of kindness he now received could not fail to be 
agreeable to him : that the general interest and defence 
of the nation had been the object of his late Tour ; and, 
in the further prosecution of that object, his present 
visit was here, and to the neighbouring fort, on which 
the safety of the town seemed materially to depend; 
that he considered ihe prosperity of the district, from 
having been made the seat of the general government, 
as becoming a subject of national concern, and that he 
felt every disposition to promote its interests, as far as 
he was enabled by the important situation to which his 
country had done him the honour to call him. 

In the introductory part of this work, the President's 
Inaugural Speech was presented to the reader. I 
think it cannot better be concluded than by presenting 
tohimthe First Message he transmitted to the first Con- 
gress assembled under Ms administration. In both of 
these State Papers, it will be discovered that our pre- 
sent Chief Magistrate is a man who will always say — 
" From a just responsibility I shallneyer shrink." 



9 308 



PRESIDENT S TOUR. 

PRESIDENT'S B1ESSAGE. 

Fellow Citizens of the Senate, 

and of the House of Representatives : 

At no period of our political existence had we so 
much cause to felicitate ourselves at the prosperous 
and happy condition of our country. The abundant 
fruits of the earth have rilled it with plenty. An ex- 
tensive and profitable commerce has greatly augmented 
our revenue. The public credit has attained an ex- 
traordinary elevation. Our preparations for defence, 
in case of future wars, from which, by the experience 
of all nations, we ought not to expect to be exempted, 
are advancing, under a well digested system, with all 
the dispatch which so important a work will admit.—- 
Our free government, founded on the interests and af- 
fections of the people, has gained, and is daity gaining 
strength. Local jealousies are rapidly yielding to more 
generous, enlarged and enlightened views of national 
policy. For advantages so numerous, and highly im- 
portant, it is our duty to unite, in grateful acknowledg- 
ments, to that omnipotent Being, from whom they are 
derived, and in unceasing prayer, that he will endow 
us with virtue and strength to maintain, and hand them 
down, in their utmost purity, to our latest posterity. 

I have the satisfaction to inform you, that an arrange- 
ment, which had been commenced by my predecessor, 
with the British government for the reduction of the 
naval force, by Great Britain and the United States, on 
the lakes, has been concluded : by which it is provided, 
that neither party shall keep in service, on Lake 
Champlain, more than one vessel ; on Lake Ontario, 
more than one ; and on Lake Erie, and the upper lakes* 
more than two; to be armed, each, with one cannon 
only ; and that all the other armed vessels, of both par- 
ties, of which an exact list is interchanged, shall be dis- 
mantled. It is also agreed, that the force retained 
shall be restricted, in its duty, to the internal purposes 
of each party ; and that the arrangement shall remain 
in force until six months shall have expired, after uo- 
fcice given by one of the parties to the other of its de- 



# 



l>04 president's tour. 

Are that it should terminate. By this arrangement 
useless expense, on both sides ; and, what is of still 
greater importance, the danger of collision, between 
armed vessels, in those inland waters, which was 
^reat, is prevented. 

I have the satisfaction also to state, that the Commis- 
sioners, under the fourth article of the Treaty of 
Ghent, to whom it was referred to decide, to which 
party the several islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy 
belonged, under the Treaty of one thousand seven 
hundred and eighty-three, have agreed in a report, by 
which all the Islands in the possession of each party 
before the late war, have been decreed to it. The 
commissioners acting under the other articles of the 
Treaty of Ghent, for the settlement of boundaries, have 
also been engaged in the discharge of their respective 
duties, but have not yet completed them, The differ- 
ence which arose between the two governments under 
that Treaty, respecting the right of tlie United States, 
to take and cure fish on the coast of the British prov- 
ince?, north of our limits, which had been secured by 
the Treaty of one thousand seven hundred and eighty- 
three, is still in negociation. The proposition made by 
this government, to extend to the colonies of Great 
Britain, the principle of the convention of London, by 
which tbe commerce between the ports of the United 
Slates and British ports in Europe, had been placed on 
a footing of equality, has b£gn declined by the British 
government. This subject having been thus amicably 
discussed between the two governments, and it appear- 
ing that the British government is unwilling to depart 
from its present regulations, it remains for Congress to 
decide whether they will make any other regulations, 
in consequence thereof, for the protection and im- 
provement of our navigation. 

The negociation with Spaiu, for spoliatisns on our 
commerce, and the settlement of boundaries, remains, 
essentially, in the state it held, by the communications 
that were made to Congress by my 'predecessor. 

It has evidently been the policy of the Spanish gov- 
ernment to keep the negociations suspended) and in this 



president's towr. 30.) 

flie United States have acquiesced, from an amicable 
disposition towards Spain, and in the expectation that 
the government would, from a sense of justice, finally 
accede to such an arrangement as would be equal be- 
tween the parties. A disposition has been lately shewn 
by the Spanish government to move in the negociation, 
which has been met by this government, and, should the 
conciliatory and friendly policy, which has invariably 
guided our councils, be reciprocated, a just and satis- 
factory arrangement, may be expected, ft is proper, 
however, to remark, that no proposition has yet been 
made from which such a result can be presumed. 

It was anticipated, at an early stage, that the contest 
between Spain and the colonies would become highly- 
interesting to the United Slates. It was natural that 
our citizens should sympathise in events which affected 
their neighbours. It seemed probable, also, that the 
posecution of the conflict, along our coast, and in con- 
tiguous countries, would occasionally interrupt our 
commerce, and otherwise affect the persons and prop- 
erty of our citizens. These anticipations have been 
realized. Such injuries have been received from per- 
sons acting under the authority of both the parties, and 
for which redress has, in most instances, been withheld. 
Through every stage of the conflict, the United States 
have maintained an impartial neutrality, giving aid to 
neither of the parties in men, money, ships, or muni- 
tions of war. They have regarded the contest, not in 
the light of an ordinary insurrection or rebellion, but as 
a civil war between parties nearly equal, having, as to 
neutral powers, equal rights. Our ports have been 
open to both, and every article, the fruit of our soil, or 
of the industry of our citizens, which either was per- 
mitted to take, has been equally free to the other. 
Should the colonies establish their independence, it is 
proper now to state, that thi3 government neither 
seeks, nor would accept, from them, any advantage, in 
commerce or otherwise, which will not be equally open 
to all other nations. — The colonies will, in that event, 
become independent states, freed from any obligation to 3 

Cc2 



306 prlsideiNt's tour* 

or connection with us, which it may not then be their 
interest to form on the basis of a fair reciprocity. 

In the summer of the present year, an expedition 
was set on foot against East Florida, by persous claim- 
ing to act under the authority of some of the colonies, 
who took possession of Amelia Island at the mouth of 
the St. Mary's river, near the boundary of the State of 
Georgia. As this province lies eastward of the Missis- 
sippi, and is bounded by the United States and the ocean 
on every side, and has been a subject of negociation with 
the government of Spain, as an indemnity for losses by 
spoliation, or in exchange for territory, of equal value, 
westward of the Mississippi, a fact well known to the 
world, it excited surprize, that any countenance should 
be given to this measure by any of the colonies. As it 
would be difficult to reconcile it with the friendly rela- 
tions existing between tne United States and the colo- 
nies, a doubt was entertained whether it had been au- 
thorised by them, or any of them. This doubt has gain- 
ed strength by the circumstances which have unfolded 
themselves in the prosecution of the enterprize, which 
have marked it as a mere private, unauthorised adven- 
ture. Projected and commenced with an incompetent 
ibrce, reliance seems to have been placed on what 
might be drawn, in defiance of our laws, from within 
our limits ; and of late, as their resources have failed, it 
has assumed a more marked character of unfriendliness 
to us; the island being made a channel for the illicit, 
introduction of slaves from Africa into the United States, 
aii asylum for fugitive slaves from the neighbouring 
ilates, and a port for smuggling of every kind. 

A similar establishment was made, at an early period, 
by persous of the same descrij>tion, in the Gulph of 
lexico, at a place called Galveztou, within the limits 
of the United States, as we contend, under the cession 
of Louisiana. This enterprize has been marked, in a 
more signal manner, by all the oltjectional circum- 
stances which characterized the other, and more par- 
ticularly by the equipment of privateers which have 
annoyed our commerce, and by smuggling. These es- 
tabJjsbnieats, if ever sanctioned by any authority what- 



president's took, 307 

ever, which is not believed, have abused their trusts, 
and forfeited all claim to consideration. A just regard 
for the rights and interests of the United States requir- 
ed that they should be suppressed, and orders have 
been accordingly issued to that effect. The imperious 
considerations which produced this measure will be 
explained to the parties whom it may, in any degree 
concern. 

To obtain correct information on every subject in 
which the United States are interested ; to inspire just 
sentiments in all persons in authority, on either side of 
our friendly disposition, so far as it may comport with 
an impartial neutrality ; aud to secure proper respect 
to our commece in every port, and from every flag, it 
has been thought proper to send a ship of war, and 
three distinguished citizens along the southern coast, 
with instruction to touch at such ports as they may find 
most expedient for these purposes. With the existing 
authorities, with those in the possession of, and exer- 
cising the sovereignty, must the communication be 
held ; from them alone can redress for past injuries, 
committed by persons acting under them, be obtained ; 
by them alone can the commission of the like, in future 
be prevented. 

Our relations with the other powers of Europe have 
experienced no essential change since the last session. 
In our intercourse with each, due attention continues 
to be paid to the protection of oar commerce, and to 
every other object in which the United States are in- 
terested. A strong hope is entertained, that by adher- 
ing to the maxims of a just, a candid and friendly policy, 
we may long preserve amicable ralations with all the 
powers of Europe, on conditions advantageous and hon- 
ourable to our country. 

With the Barbary states, and the Indian tribes, our 
pacine relations have been preserved. 

In calling vour attention to the internal concerns of 
our country, the view which they exhibit is peculiarly 
gratifying. The payments which have been made into 
the treasury show the very productive state of the pub- 
Ik revenue, After satisfying the appropriations road** 






303 PRESIDENT S TOUR. 

by law for the support of the civil government, and of 
the military and naval establishments embracing suita- 
ble provisions for fortifications, and for the gradual in- 
crease of the navy, paying the interest of the public 
debt, and extinguishing more than eighteen millions of 
the principal, within the present year, it is estimated 
that a balance of more than six millions of dollars will 
remain in the treasury on the first day of January, ap- 
plicable to the current service of the ensuing year. 

The payments into the treasury during the year one 
thousand eight hundred and eighteen, on account of im- 
posts and tonnage, resulting principally from duties 
which have accrued in the present year, may be fairly 
estimated at twenty millions of dollars ; internal reve- 
nues, at two millions five hundred thousand ; public 
lands, at one million five hundred thousand ; bank divi- 
dends and incidental receipts, at five hundred thousand; 
making in the whole, twenty-four millions and live hun- 
dred thousand dollars. 

The annual permanent expenditure for the support 
of the civil government, and of the army and navy, as 
now established by law, amounts to eleven millions and 
eight hundred thousand dollars ; and for the sinking 
fund, to ten millions ; making in the whole, twenty- 
one millions and eight hundred thousand dollars ; leav- 
ing an annual excess of revenue beyond the expendi- 
ture, of two millions and seven hundred thousand dol- 
lars, exclusive of the balance estimated to be in the 
treasury on the first day of January, one thousand 
eight hundred and eighteen. 

In the present state of the treasury, the whole of 
the Louisiana debt may be redeemed in the year one 
thousand eight hundred and nineteen ; after which, if 
the public debt continues as it now is, above par, there 
will be annually about five millions of the sinking fund 
unexpended, until the year one thousand eight hun- 
dred and twenty-five, when the loan of one thousand 
eight hundred and twelve, and the stock created by 
funding treasury notes, will be redeemable. 

It is also estimated that the Mississippi stock will be 
discharged during the year one thousand eight hundred 



PRESIDENT'S TOUR. 301? 

and nineteen, from the proceeds of the public lands as- 
signed to that object, after which the receipts from 
those lands will annually add to the public revenue the 
sum of one million five hundred thousand dollars, mak- 
ing the permanent annual revenue amount to twenty- 
six millions of dollars, and leaving an annual excess of 
revenue, after the year one thousand eight hundred ami 
nineteen, beyond the permanent authorized expendi- 
ture, of more than four millions of dollars. 

By the last returns from the Department of War, 
the militia force of the several states may be estimated 
at eight hundred thousand men, infantry, artillery, and 
calvary. Great part of this force is armed, and meas- 
ures are taken to arm the whole. An improvement in 
the organization and dicipline of the malitla is one of 
the great objects which claims the unremitted attention 
of Congress. 

The regular force amounts nearly to the number re- 
quired by law, and is stationed along the Atlantic and 
inland frontiers. 

Of the naval force it has been necessary to maintain 
strong squadrons in the Mediterranean, and in the Gulf 
of Mexico. 

From several of the Indian tribes, inhabiting the 
country bordering on Lake Eiie, purchases have been 
made of lauds, on conditions very favourable to the 
United States, and, as it is presumed, not less so to the 
tribes themselves. By these purchases, the Indian ti- 
tle, with moderate reservation, has been extinguished 
to the whole of the land within the limits of the state or 
Ohio, and to a great part of that in the Michigan Terri- 
tory, and of the state of Indiana. From the Cherokee 
tribe a tract has been purchased in the state of Georgia, 
and an arrangement made, by which, in exchange for 
lands beyond the Mississippi, a great part, if not the 
whole of the Sand belonging to that tribe, eastward of 
that river, in the states of North Carolina, Georgia and 
Tennessee, and in the Alabama territory, will soon be 
acquired. By these acquisitions, and others that may 
reasonably be expected soon to follow, we shall be 
enable to extend our settlements from the inhabited 



310 president's tour. 

parts of the state of Ohio, along Lake Erie into the Mi- 
chigan Territory, and to connect our settlements by de- 
grees through the State of Indiana and the Illinois Ter- 
ritory, to that of Missouri. A similar and equally ad- 
vantageous effect will soon be produced to the south, 
through the whole extent of the Btates and Territory 
which border on the waters emptying into the Missis- 
ippi and the Mobile. In this progrees, which the rights- 
of nature demand, and nothing can prevent, marking a 
growth rapid and gigantic, it is our duty to make new 
efforts for the preservation, improvement, and civiliza- 
tion of the native inhabitants. The hunter state can 
exist only in the vast, uncultivated desert. It yields to 
the more dense and compact form, and greater force of 
civilized population ; and of right it ought to yield, for 
the earth was given to mankind to support the greatest 
number of which it is capable, and no tribe or people 
have a right to withhold from the wants of others more 
than is necessary for their own support and comfort. 
It is gratifying to know, that the reservations of land 
made by the treaties with the. tribes on Lake Erie, were 
made with a view to individual ownership among them, 
and to the cultivation of the soil by all, and that an an- 
nual stipend has been pledged to supply their other 
wants. It will merit the consideration of congress, 
whether other provision not stipulated by the treaty, 
ought to be made for these tribes, and for the advance- 
ment of the liberal and humane policy of the United 
States towards all the tribes within our limits, and more 
particularly for their improvement in the arts of civili- 
zed life. 

Among the advantages incident to these purchases, 
and to those which have preceded, the security which 
may thereby be afforded to our inland frontiers is pe- 
culiarly important. With a strong barrier, consisting 
of our own people, thus planted on the Lakes, the Mis- 
sissippi and the Mobile, with the protection to be deriv- 
ed from the regular force, Indian hostilities, if they do 
not altogether cease, wiil henceforth lose their terror. 
Fortifications in those quarters, to any extent, will not 
be necessary, and the expense attending them may b* 



president's TOUR. 311 

saved. A people accustomed to the use of fire-arms 
only, as the Indian tribes are, will shun even moderate 
works which are defended by cannon. Great fortifica- 
tions, will, therefore, be requisite onty, in future, along 
the coast, and at some points in the interior, connected 
with it. On these will the safety of our towns, and the 
commerce of our great rivers, from the bay of Fundy 
to the Mississippi, depend. On these, therefore, 
should the utmost attention, skill, and labour be bes- 
towed. 

A coniderahle and rapid augmentation in the value 
of the public lands, proceeding from these and other 
obvious causes, may heoceiocward be expected. The 
difficulties attending eahy emigrations will be dissipated 
even in the most remote parts. Several new states 
have been admitted into our union, to the West and 
South, and territorial governments, happily organized, 
established over every other portion in which there is 
vacant land for sale. In terminating Indian hostilities, 
as must soon be done, in a formidable shape, at least, 
the emigration, which has heretofore been great, will 
probably increase, and the demand for land, and the 
augmentation in its value, be in like proportion. The 
great increase of our population, throughout the Union, 
will alone produce an important effect, and in no quarter 
will it be so sensibly felt as in those in contemplation. 
The public lands are a public stock, which ought to be 
disposed of to the best advantage for the nation. The na- 
tion should derive the profit proceeding from the contin- 
ual rise of their value. Every encouragement should be 
given to emigrants, consistent with a fair competition 
between them ; but that competition should operate in 
the first sale to the advantage of the nation rather than 
of individuals. Great capitalists will derive all the 
benefit incident to their superior wealth, under any 
mode of sale which may be adopted. But if looking 
forward to the rise in value of the public lands, they 
should have the opportunity of amassing at a low price, 
vast bodies in their hands, the profit will accure to them, 
and not to the public. They would also have the pow- 
er, in that degree, to control the emigration and settle- 



312 president's TOUjl. 

ment in such a manner as their opinion of their respee 
tive interests might dictate. I submit this subject to 
the Consideration of Congress, that such further pro- 
vision may be made in the sale of the public lands with 
a view to the public interest, should any be deemed 
expedient, as in their judgment may be best adapted to 
the object. 

When we consider the vast extent of territory with- 
in the United States, the great amount and value of its 
productions, the connection of its parts, and other cir- 
cumstances, on which their prosperity and happiness 
depend) we cannot fail to entertain a high sense of the 
advantage to be derived from the facility which may be 
afforded in the intercourse between them, by means of 
good roads and canals. Never did a country of such vast 
extent offer equal inducements to the improvements of 
this kind, nor ever were consequences of such magni- 
tude involved in them. As this subject was acted on 
by Congress at the last session, and there may be a dis- 
position to revive it at the present, I have brought it 
iuto view, for the purpose of communicating my senti* 
rnents on a very important circumstance connected with 
it, with a freedom and candour which a regard for the 
public interest, and proper respect for Congress, re- 
quire. A difference of opinion has existed, from 
the first formation of our Constitution to the present 
time, amongst our most enlightened and virtuous citi- 
zens, respecting the right of Congress to establish such 
a system of improvement. Taking into view the trusts 
with which I am now honoured, it would be improper, 
after what has passed, that this discussion should be 
revived, with an uncertainty of my opinion respecting 
the right. Disregarding early impressions, I have be- 
stowed on the subject, all the deliberation which its 
great importance, and ajust sense of my duty, required ; 
and the result is, a settled conviction in my mind, that 
Congress do not possess the right. It is not contains; 
in any of the specified powers granted to Congress ; 
nor can I consider it incidental to, or a necessary mean, 
viewed on the most liberal scale, for carrying into ef- 
fect any of the powers which are specifically granted. 



tresident's tour. 313 

In communicating this result, I cannot resist the obliga- 
tion wbieh I feel, to suggest to Congress the propriety 
of rerommendingtothe States the adoption of auamend- 
ment o ihe constitution, which shall give to Congress 
the right in question. In cases of doubtful construc- 
tion, especially of such vital interest, it comports with 
the nature and origin of our institutions, and will con- 
tribute much to preserve them, to apply to our con- 
stituents for an explicit grant of *he power. We may 
confidently rely, that if it appears to their satisfaction, 
thM the power is necess«rj 7 , it will always be granted. 
In this case I am happy to observe, that experience has 
afforded the most ample proof of its utility, and that the 
benign spirit of conciliation and harmony, which now 
manifests itself throughout our Union, promises to such 
a recommendation the most prompt and favorable result. 
I think proper to suggest also, in case this measure is 
adopted, that it be recommended to the states to include, 
in the amendment sought, a right in Congress to insti- 
tute, likewise, seminaries of learning, for the all-im- 
portant purpose of diffusing knowledge amongst our 
fellow citizens, throughout the United Stales. 

Our manufacutures will require the continued atten- 
tion of Congress. The capital employed in them is con- 
siderable, and the knowledge acquired in the machine- 
ry and fabric of all the most useful manufactures, is of 
great value. Their preservation, which depends on 
due encouragement, is connected with the high inter- 
ests of the nation. 

Although the progress of the puplic buildings has 
been as favourable as circumstances have permitted, it 
is to be regretted that the Capitol is not yet in a state 
to receive you. There is good cause to presume, 
that the two wings, the only parts as yet commenced, 
will be prepared for that purpose at the next session. 
The time seems now to have arrived, when the subject 
may be deemed worthy the attention of Congress on a 
scale adequate to national purposes. The completion 
of the middle building will be necessary to the conven- 
ient accommodation of Congress, of the committees, 
and various offices belonging to it. It is evident that 

D d 



314 president's tour. 

the other public buildings are altogether insufficient 
for the accommodation of the several executive de- 
partments, some of whom are much crowded, and 
even subjected to the necessity of obtaining it in private 
buildings, at some distance from the head of the depart- 
ment, and with inconvenience to the management of 
the public business. Most nations have taken an inter- 
est and pride in the improvement and ornament of their 
metropolis, and none were more consp ieuous in that 
respect than the ancient republics. The policy which 
dictated the establishment of a permanent residence 
for the national government, and the spirit in which it 
was commenced, and has been prosecuted, show that 
such improvement was thought worthy the attention of 
this nation. Its central position between the northern 
and southern extremes of our union, and its approach 
to the west, at the head of a great navigable river, 
which interlocks with the western waters, prove the 
wisdom of the councils which established it. Nothing 
appears to be more reasonable and proper, than that 
covenient accommodation should be provided, on a 
well disgested plan, for the heads of the several depart- 
ments, and for the attorney-general ; and it is believed 
that the public ground in the city, applied to these ob- 
jects, will be amply sufficient. I submit this subject to 
the consideration of Congress, that such further provis- 
ion may be made in it, as to them may seem proper. 

In contemplating the happy situation of the United 
States, our attention^ drawn, with peculiar interest, to 
the surviving officers and soldiers of our revolutionary 
army, who so eminently contributed, by their services, 
to lay its foundation. Most of those very meritorious 
pitizens have paid the debt of nature, and gone to re- 
pose. It is believed, that among the survivors, there 
are some not provided for by existing laws, who are 
reduced to indigence, and even to real distress. These 
men have a claim on the gratitude of their country, and 
it will do honor to their country to provide for them. 
The lapse of a few years more, and the opportunity will 
be forever lost : indeed, so long already has been the 



president's tour. 315 

interval, that the number to be benefitted by any pro- 
vision which may be made, will not be great. 

It appearing in a satisfactory manner that the revenue 
arising from imposts and tonnage, and from the sale of 
the public lands, will be fully adequate to the support 
of the civil government, of the present military and na- 
val establishments, including the annual augmentation 
of the latter to the extent provided for, to the payment 
of the interest on the public debt, and to the extinguish- 
ment of it at the times authorized, without the aid of 
internal taxes, I consider it my duty to recommend to 
Congress their repeal. To impose taxes when the 
public exigencies require them, is an obligation of the 
most sacred character, especially with a free people. 
The faithful fulfilment of it is among the highest proofs 
of their virtue, and capacity for self government. To 
dispense with taxes, when it may be done with perfect 
safety, is. equally the duty of their representatives. In 
this instance we have the satisfaction to know that they 
were imposed when the demand was imperious, and 
have been sustained with exemplary fidelity. I have 
to add, that, however gratifying it may be to me, re- 
garding the prosperous and happy condition of our 
country, to recommend the repeal of these taxes at this 
time, I shall, nevertheless, be attentive to events, and 
should any future emergency occur, be not less prompt 
to suggest such measures and burthens, as may then be 
requisite and proper. 

JAMES MONROE. 
Washington, Dec. 2, 1817. 

Without alluding to the distinct subjects embraced 
in the preceding Message, it may, unhesitatingly be 
said, that it is a State Paper, which will always unite 
the sentiments of the world in admiration of the writer 
of it ; and excite the envj' of all mankind, except the 
citizens of the American Republic, who participate in 
the blessings therein described. The sovereigns q£ 



31 b' president's TOUR. ' 

the Eastern world, when they meet their councils, ad- 
dress them with an exultation at their victories over a 
rival nation ; or in depression, at the diminution or des- 
truction of their own power. At one time they boast 
of victories over humanity — at another, they wrest 
from the degraded peasant the last pittance of his hard 
earnings, to enable them to gain other victories over 
humble and degraded man The food that is necessa- 
ry for the sustenance of the labouring poor, is ravished 
from them to supply the army and the navy ; and the 
oblivious draught, which for a season, makes them for- 
get their oppressors and their oppressions, is torn from 
them in the same way, and for the same purpose. 

A momentary survey of Europe, (for we scarcely 
think of Asia and Africa when contemplating the ' scene 
of man,') will show the difference between the situation 
of man, equally entitled to rights with ourselves, in that 
continent and in our beloved America. 

When Russians, Prussians, Germans and Englishmen, 
utter the piteous groans of misery, they are directed 
to gaze upon the various stars and different " orders" 
that decorate the bodies of their generals. The abus- 
ed power of princes, has perverted the beautiful order 
of nature, and man seems to have lost the rank assign- 
ed him by the wisdom of the Creator. 

The contrast produced to this gloomy picture by the 
American Republic, is one of the most striking in the 
civilized world. The President's Message is not that 
glowing representation which contradicts reality. Its 
truth is acknowledged by Americans with gratitude — 
by Europeans with astonishment. We have a popula- 
tion, well educated, well fed, and well protected. We 



president's tour. 317 

can hardly be said to have a standing army ; but we 
have eight hundred thousand militia, disciplined and 
armed, which costs the republic nothing. At a mo- 
ment's warning, when war is declared, they are con- 
verted from citizens to soldiers to defend their home. 
In peace, they again become citizens. With a treasury 
overflowing, we pay no taxes. Perfetuity to our 
Republic. 

Dd2 



THE 

SECOND TOUR 

OF 

JAMES MONROE, 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 

IN 1818. 



THE determination of the President, soon after his 
election, to explore the extensive Republic, over which 
he has presided, and still presides with such universal 
popularity, excited the undivided pleasure of his fellow 
citizens. His first Tour carried him through a large 
and very important section of the American Republic. 
The plain and unostentatious manner in which he tra- 
velled—the unaffected and dignified manner in which he 
received and reciprocated the civilities bestowed upon 
him — the interesting and impressive manner in which 
he answered the numerous addresses delivered — the 
deep interest he manifested in the Agricultural, Manu- 
facturing, Commercial, and Mechanical interests of the 
people, all tended to increase the pleasure of an inter- 
view between a great Magistrate and the citizens of a 
great Republic. 

The primary object, however, of his first Tour, 
was to devise the best possible mode of defending the 



320 president's tovr, 

extensive sea-hoard and frontier of the northern and 
eat i^rn states. A sanguinary war had recently exposed 
them to the ravages of a powerful, an insolent, and in 
many respects, a barbarous foe. Naval demonstrations 
had clearly evinced the necessity of strong fortifications 
in our harbours, and a regular line of military posts 
upon our frontiers. The President, having been him- 
self a distinguished soldier in the War of the revolu- 
tion, could vjew the country with the eye of a soldier ; 
being accompanied by the accomplished Gen. Swift, 
the then Chief Engineer in the American army, he 
availed himself of his military science in determining 
the places which formed the most proper military sites. 
But although this was his primary object, his capacious 
mind embraced within its excursive range every great 
subject connected with the permanent interest of his 
beloved country. As a scholar he viewed the progress 
of the higher branches of literature, and saw a portion 
of citizens who in the eastern world, are called the pea- 
santry, subject to the capricious whims of imperious 
landlords, and the extortions of profligate govern- 
ments. He there saw them Freemen, owners of the 
soil they cultivated, and enjoying the blessings of a 
mild and equal government. 

After completing this laborious and interesting Tour, 
the President returned to the seat of government, 
where he soon after met the grand council of the Re- 
public, and presented to them his first Message, al- 
ready inserted 

Devoting himself to the important duties devolved 
upon him by his high office, he spent the succeeding 
winter and spring at the seat ot government. 



PRESIDENTS TOUR. 321 

$oon after the conclusion of the interesting session 
of Congress in 1817 — 18, and after arranging the im- 
portant affairs of the Cabinet, the President, in pursu- 
ance of his determination to explore every portion of 
the Republic, where it was practicable, and where it 
w r as most exposed to the naval and military forces of our 
enemies, prepared to survey the Chesapeake bay, and 
to explore the country lying upon its extensive shores. 

About the 20th May, 1818, he left the seat of gov- 
ernment, and proceeded to Annapolis, the political cap- 
ital of the state of Maryland. He was accompanied 
by the Hon. John C. Calhoun, Secretary at War, 
the Hon. Benjamin Crowningshield, Secretary of the 
Navy, and other gentlemen of distinction. 

In no respect does our country present a more strik- 
ing difference from others, than in the course pursued 
hy our Rulers in elevated stations. I need not repeat 
what was said in the few remarks introductory to the 
first Tour, published soon after it was ended ; but the 
admiration of our countrymen cannot too often, nor too 
highly be excited, by calling their attention to the un- 
ceasing assiduity with which our President, and the 
members of the Cabinet discharge the duties assigned 
them by the Constitution and the Government. What 
the Rulers of other natious do by agents, our Rulers 
do themselves. The President and the heads of two 
departments, leave their residences to determine the 
best mode of defending a section of the union peculiar- 
ly exposed to the incursions of a naval force, and which 
had recently felt the necessity of more efficient defence. 

The citizens of Annapolis, remembering the splen- 
did manner in which the President was received everv 



322 president's tour. 

•where through his first Tour, were determined not to be 
excelled in civility, or hospitality, by their Northern 
and Eastern brethren, A splendid public dinner was 
given him, at which Chancellor Kilty presided. The 
following Address was delivered. 

TO JAMES MONROE, 

president of the united states. 

The Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common 
Council of the City of Annapolis, in behalf of them- 
selves and their fellow citizens, beg leave to welcome 
you on your arrival ; to express the satisfaction which 
your visit to the Metropolis of Maryland has occasioned, 
and to offer any assistance in their power, for accom- 
plishing the object of it. 

Many of the inhabitants recollect your residence a- 
mongst them as a member of congress in the year 1 783, 
since which your public duties have called you to other 
states, and other climes. 

The rigour of the season at that time was unfavora- 
ble to a view of the situation of the place and its sur- 
rounding waters, the prospect of which is now expand- 
ed and embellished by the military establishments erec- 
ted by the United States, which of course will come 
within your observation. 

They avail themselves of the first opportunity that 
has occurred of offering their congratulations on your 
election to the highest office in the gift of our free and 
happy country, and of testifying their sense of the wis- 
dom and firmness which have since marked your ad- 
ministration. 



president's touk. 32.3 

A continued course of arduous and useful services in 
our revolutionary struggle, and since in various impor- 
tant trusts, had led the people to anticipate such a re- 
sult, at the same time that they pointed to the most ap- 
propriate reward. 

They conclude by expressing their best wishes for 
your health and happiness — their attachment to you as 
Chief Magistrate of the union, and their respect for 
your public, and private character. 

J. RANDALL, Mayor. 

May 23, 1818. 

REPLY OP THE PRESIDENT. 

To the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Common Council 
of the City of Annapolis. 

Fellow Citizens — In performing a duty imposed 
on me by the principles of our excellent constitution, 
which I have undertaken, at least with zeal, to give all 
the effect in my power, to the salutary purposes of the 
laws providing for the public defence, it is very gratify- 
ing to me, to have found it consistent with that duty, to 
make a visit to this metropolis, and I beg you, and my 
other fellow citizens, its inhabitants, to accept my grate- 
ful acknowledgment, for the kind reception given me. 

In recurring to the period of 1783, when congress 
held their session here, you bring to view, incidents in 
the highest degree important. It was then, and here, 
after a long and arduous struggle, which secured our 
independence, that the treaty of peace was ratified. It 
was then, and here, that the illustrious commander of 
our revolutionary armies, after performing services, 
which a greatful country can never forget, nor time ob- 



324 president's tour. 

literate, restored his commission to the authority from 
whom he had received it. To me these events, so 
profoundly interesting to all, were peculiarly imposing 
and impressive. It was then, in very early life that I 
commenced my career in the national councils, in which 
I have since so long continued. To meet again, so many 
of those who were present at those great events, some 
of whom, were parties to them, affords me the highest 
gratification. 

For the good opinion which you have been pleased 
to express of my conduct, in the various trusts commit- 
ted to me, since, by my country, I have all the sensi- 
bility which such sentiments ought to inspire in the 
mind of one, who considers the approbation of his fel- 
low citizens, the best reward which he can receive for 
his services. 

In performing the duty which brought me here, . I 
shall be happy to receive the aid which you have offer- 
ed, and in whatever situation 1 may hereafter be placed, 
I shall always entertain for your prosperity and happi- 
ness, the most unfeigned solicitude. 

JAMES MONROE. 

The town of Annapolis, although small, has many 
attractions. It is delightfully situated upon the south 
bank of the beautiful river Severn, about two miles 
above its entrance unto the Chesapeake bay. It has a 
state house, an Episcopal ami a Methodist church, and 
many handsome private residences. It has but little 
pretensions to commercial consequence ; indeed Balti- 
more commands almost the whole trade upon this im- 
mense bay. 



president's tour. 325 

But although this town, in regard to extent of busi- 
ness or population, does not rank with the great towns 
in the Republic, it will always be remembered for tw$ 
of the most interesting events that have occurred in the 
history of our countrj'. It was here the Treaty of 
Peace, by which Great Britain acknowledged the In- 
dependence of the American Republic, was ratified. 

The other event would call forth reflections suffi- 
cient to fill a volumn. The history of the world is preg- 
nant with examples of men, who, professing devotion 
to their country, and love to their countrymen, have 
Toused them to the resistance of abused power, and led 
them to victory and glory : and then have assumed de- 
spotic power themselves. The limits of this work 
precludes the extent to which instances would enlarge 
it. 

It was reserved for the " Old Congress" of 1783 s 
and the people of Annapolis to witness a far different 
scene. It was reserved for them to behold a war-worn 
veteran — the idol of the revolutionary soldiery — the 
man who had a monument erected in every American's 
bosom — who might have put himself upon a throne, 
had he wished it, — come forward in all the majestic dig- 
nity of a virtuous Republican, and surrender back to 
Congress, the power with which they had invested 
him. 

The President, with his suite, very minutely examin- 
ed the waters near Annapolis, in regard to their fitness 
for a naval depot. 

He here embarked upon the bosom of the CHESA- 
rEAKE. 

This is the largest bay yet discovered in the known 

Ee 



325 president's tgir. 

world. The waters of the Atlantic enter it between 
Cape Henri) and Cape Charles. The waters of the 
Potomac, Rappahannoc, York, James, Patuxent, Severn, 
Patapsco, Gunpowder, and Susquehanna, from the fer- 
tile, picturesque, and beautiful country lying west of 
it ; and those of the Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, 
Wicomico, and Poccmoke, which water the country lying 
East of it. It is one of the most important of the in- 
land waters in the Republic. 

It would fill pages to recount the events that have 
taken place upon its bosom and upon its shores. It can- 
not here be done. The President, after examining 
every portion c£ it, with a view of determining upon 
the best mode of defending it, proceeded to Norfolk in 
Virginia, where he was received upon June 7th, in a 
manner worthy of Virginia elegance and hospitality. 

In the President, they recognized a native citizen, 
whom " the people delight to honour" He was address- 
ed as follows : 

TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Sir — The opportunity which enables the court and 
common council of the borough of Norfolk, to offer you 
their congratulations, affords an indulgence no less 
pleasing to their personal sensibilities, than gratifying 
to their national pride. 

Living under a government most happily adapted to 
secure and diffuse political liberty, and to give protec- 
tion to civil and religious immunities, it is above all, 
our peculiar boast, that we enjoy these blessings with- 
out alloy — without insult or injury to a rational and en- 
lightened 3ense of equal justice. The people of the old 



president's tour. 327 

World* enamored of the artificial pageantry of crowns 
and coronets, pay obsequious homage to the arbitrary 
distinctions of hereditary rank, and adventitious birth. 
The genius of our republican constitution, invests the 
chief executive magistrate, with the real grandeur of 
exalted virtue, and the homage he receives, is the pure 
reward of acknowledged public worth, consecrated by 
the unbiassed and unerring verdict of the public will. 

A life devoted from early youth to the service of 
your country, and illustrated by the distinguished part 
you have taken in various prominent scenes, may justly 
challenge, sir, the honours conferred by your recent 
elevation to the presidential seat — And the vivid de- 
monstrations of unaffected joy, which have attended 
your tour through the states, bear ample testimony, 
that the spotless tenor of 3'our private character, lias 
established a claim, equally estimable and gratifying ia 
the endearing affections of the people. 

A resolute adherence to the principles avowed in 
your inaugural message, cannot fail to impart continued 
stability and vigor to our free institutions, as far as de- 
pends upon a zealous and faithful discharge of your 
executive functions — And, that a firm, liberal and com- 
prehensive policy, the result of matured experience, 
invigorated by an enlightened and ardent patriotism, 
will secure to your administration, an enviable rank in 
our national annals, an impartial review of your whole 
public conduct, does not allow us to entertain a doubt. 

The personal attention, Sir, which you have thought 
proper to bestow on the measures adopted by the gen- 
eral government, for the defence of our inland frontier, 
end sea coast, and the establishment of naval arsenals. 



528 president's tour. 

confidently assures us, that our country will reap the 
full benefit of these measures from your extended ob- 
servation, practical knowledge, and judicious discrimi- 
nation. — Tried in the conflict which achieved our lib- 
erties, the large share you bore in the late eventful 
struggle, to preserve them inviolate, attested your val- 
uable services, your distinguished virtue, and sleep- 
less devotion to the common cause. These high claims. 
to the public confidence and gratitude, derive fresh 
lustre from your earnest solicitude to entrench and se- 
cure the momentous interests committed to you, by a 
prompt and vigorous application of the national resour- 
ces. — With great pride and pleasure, sir, we perceive 
in the efforts you are making, our best security from 
foreign violence ; and should the mad ambition, the ha- 
tred and jealousy of other governments, again call forth 
the martial energies of this young republic, we shall 
have abundant cause to appreciate that precaution, 
which employs the calm of peace to arrest and disarm 
ihe shock of war. 

In behalf of the citizens of Norfolk, we tender you a 
cordial welcome among us- — We most sincerely trust, 
Sir, that the harmony which reigns through the union, 
may be uninterrupted— that our beloved country may 
ever continue under the favoring smile of Providence, 
to experience the salutary fruits of mild government 
and equal laws— and that the close of your political ca- 
reer, may be gladdened by the most precious of all 
earthly consolations — that of having done your duty. 

JOHN E. HOLT, Mayor,. 



president's tour, 329 

The President's Answer, 
To John E. Holt, Esq. Mayor of the Borough of Norfolk, 

Sir — No object is more interesting to the United 
States than the adoption of a judicious system of de- 
fence, and the establishment and construction of such 
fortifications as may be found necessary for the security 
of our maritime and inland frontier. Such a system, 
well executed, may prevent wars, and it cannot fail, 
should wars become inevitable, to mitigate their calami- 
ties. The attention of congress has been wisely direc- 
ted to this great object, and ample funds have been pro- 
vided for it. It is my duty to exert my utmost efforts 
to give it effect; on these efforts my country may rely. 

It is our felicity to live under a government capable 
of securing to us, by a wise, honest and efficient exer- 
cise of its powers, all the blessings of which civil socie- 
ty is susceptible. While the movement of the govern- 
ment in all its branches, corresponds with the great 
and sublime principles on which it is founded, no citi- 
zen will ever have cause to complain that any of his 
righis have been violated. Happily, this faithful and 
harmonious movement is placed beyond the reach of 
danger. — Deriving all its power from the people, it 
must be administered for their advantage, while the peo- 
ple continue to be virtuous, well informed, and attentive 
to their interest. It is a cause of heartfelt satisfaction 
to us all, and of grateful acknowledgment to the Su- 
preme Creator of the world, that the operations of our 
government, have fully confirmed all the most flattering 
anticipations that were indulged in its favor. 

To the support of these great principles my whole 

Ee2 



330 president's tour* 

life has been devoted. My conduct, in many high and 
important trusts, is known to my country. If it has 
given me any claim to the confidence of my fellow-cit- 
izens, I feel that they have not been unmindful of it. 
The same principles and zeal, which you have approv- 
ed in the review which you have taken of the past, will 
continue to animate me in future. 

For the kind reception which you have given me, on 
behalf of the citizens of Norforlk, I beg you to tender 
to them my sincere thanks, with my best wishes for 
their prosperity and welfare. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Norfolk is situated upon Elizabeth river. It is very 
advantageously calculated for the prosecution of foreign 
trade, and with the different states. It contains about 
10,000 inhabitants. 

The President, having accomplished the principal 
object of his Tour, the survey of the Chesapeake Bay, 
and the adjoining country, commenced his return to 
the seat of government through the interior of Virginia. 
He every where received the most affectionate and res- 
pectful demonstrations of attachment. Although, in 
the President we see the political head of twenty-two 
sovereign, independent, and confederated states, equally 
solicitous for the happiness of the whole ; and as he 
had declared — " Knowing no difference between the just 
claims of one portion of our country and another /' yet it 
is impossible to be divested of the natural attachment 
•which is felt in every generous bosom, for the land of 
our nativity. In James Monroe, the people of Virgin- 
].?. Fecoctmed a native citizen— and one who had been 



president's tour, 33T 

called to fill the highest offices in the government of 
the state. In the people of Virginia he saw his neigh- 
bours and former associates, with whom he had sus- 
tained the most interesting connections in political life. 

The President passed through the state, delighted 
and imparting delight ; a state that yields to none in 
the union, in genuine patriotism — a state that has pro- 
duced the most brilliant constellation of Scholars, 
Statesmen, and Heroes — a state that has blessed the 
Republic with a Washington, a Jefferson, a Madi- 
son and a Monroe. 

The President arrived at Washington upon the 1 7th 
June, where he was received, as upon his return from 
his first Tour, with the most enthusiastic pleasure. 
He resumed the arduous and important duties of his 
office, with increasing knowledge of his country and 
its interests. 



At the conclusion of the account of the first Tour of 
the President, I have inserted his first Message to Cou- 
gress; and think I can in no way impart so much value 
to this brief narrative of his second Tour, as by incor- 
porating into it his second Message. 

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. 

Fellow Citizens of the Senate, 

and of the House of Representatives : 

The auspicious circumstances under which you will 
soumience the duties of the present session, will lighten 



332 president's tour. 

the burthen, inseparable from the high trust committed 
to you. The fruits of the earth have been unusually 
abundant ; commerce has flourished ; the revenue has 
exceeded the most favourable anticipation, and peace 
and amity are preserved with foreign nations, on con- 
ditions just and honourable to our country. For these 
inestimable blessings, we cannot but be grateful to that 
Providence which watches over the destinies of nations. 
As the term limited for the operation of the commer- 
cial convention with Great Britain, will expire early in 
the month of July next, and it was deemed important 
that there should be no interval, during which that por- 
tion of our commerce which was provided for by that 
convention, should not be regulated either by arrange- 
ment between the two governments; or by the authorir- 
iy of Congress, the Minister of the United States at 
London, was instructed, early in the last summer, to 
invite the attention of the British government to the 
subject, with a view to that object. He was instructed 
to propose, also, that the negociation which it was wish- 
ed to open, might extend to the general commerce of 
the two countries, and to every other interest and un- 
settled difference between them ; particularly those re- 
lating to impressment, the fisheries and boundaries, ia 
the hope that an arrangement might be made, on princi- 
ples of reciprocal advantage, which might comprehend, 
and provide in a satisfactory manner, for all these high 
concerns. I have the satisfaction to state, that the pro- 
posal was received by the British government in the 
spirit that prompted it ; and that a negociation has been 
opened at London, embracing all these objects. On 
full consideration of the great extent and magnitude cf 



• 



president's tour. 333 

the trust, it was thought proper to commit it to not less 
than two of our distinguished citizens ; and, in conse- 
quence, the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary of the United States, at Paris, has been as- 
sociated with our Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary at London ; to both of whom corres- 
ponding instructions have been given, and they are en- 
gaged in the discharge of its duties. It is proper to 
add, that to prevent any inconvenience resulting from 
the delay incident to a negociation on so many impor- 
tant subjects, it was agreed, before entering on it, 
that the existing convention should be continued for a 
term not less than eight years. 

Our relations with Spain remain nearly in the state 
in which thej r were at the close of the last session.— 
The convention of 1802, providing for the adjustment 
of a certain portion of the claims of our citizens for in- 
juries sustained by spoliations, and so long suspended 
by the Spanish government, has at length been ratified 
by it ; but no arrangement has yet been made for the 
payment of another portion of like claims, not less ex- 
tensive or well founded, or for other classes of claims, 
or for the settlement of boundaries. These subjects 
have again been brought under consideration in both 
countries^ but no agreement has been entered into re- 
specting them. In the mean time, events have occur- 
red which clearly prove the ill effect of the policy, 
which that government has so long pursued., on the 
friendly relations of the two countries, which, it is pre- 
sumed, it is at least of as much importance to Spain, as 
to the United States to maintain. A state of things has 
existed in the JMoridas, the tendency of whi(& has been. 



334 PRESIDENT^ TOUR. 

obvious (o all who have paid the slightest attention to 
the progress of affairs in that quarter. Throughout the 
whole of these provinces to which the Spanish title ex- 
tends, the government of Spain has scarcely been felt. 
Its authority has been confined, almost exclusively, to 
xhe walls of Pensacola and St. Augustine, within which 
only small garrisons have been maintained. Adven- 
turers from every country, fugitives from justice, and 
absconding slaves, have found an asylum there. Seve- 
ral tribes of Indians, strong in the number of their 
warriors, remarkable for their ferocity, and whose set- 
tlements extend to our limits, inhabit those provinces. 
These different hordes of people, connected together, 
disregarding, on the one side, the authority of Spain, 
and protected, on the other, by an imaginary line which 
separates Florida from the United States, have violated 
our laws prohibiting the introduction of slaves, have 
practised various frauds on our revenue, and commit- 
ted every kind of outrage on our peaceable citizens, 
which their proximity to us enabled them to perpetrate. 
The invasion of Amelia Island last year, by a small 
band of adventurers, not exceeding one hundred and fif- 
ty in number, who wrested it from the inconsiderable 
Spanish force stationed there, and held it several months, 
during which, a single feeble effort only was made to 
recover it, which failed, clearly proves, how complete- 
ly extinct the Spanish authority had become, as the 
conduct of those adventurers, while in possession of the 
island, as distinctly shews the pernicious purposes for 
which their combination had been formed. 

This country, had, in fact, become the theatre of eve- 
ry species of lawless adventure. With little popula- 



president's tour. 335 

(ion of lis own, Hie Spanish authority almost extinct, 
and the colonial governments in a state of revolution, 
having no pretension to it, and sufficiently employed in 
their own concerns, it was, in a great measure, dere- 
lict, and the object of cupidity, to every adventurer. A 
system of buccaneering was rapidly organizing over it, 
which menaced, in its consequences, the lawful com- 
merce of every nation, and particularly of the United 
States ; while it presented a temptation to every peo- 
ple, on whose seduction its success principally depend- 
ed. In regard to the United States, the pernicious 
effects of this unlawful combination, was not confined 
to the ocean ; the Indian tribes have constituted the 
effective force in Florida. With these tribes these ad- 
venturers had formed, at an early period, a connec- 
tion, with a view to avail themselves of that force to 
promote their own projects of accumulation and ag- 
grandizement. It is to the interference of some of 
these adventurers, in misrepresenting the claims and 
titles of the Indians to land, and in practising on their 
savage propensities, that the Seminole war is principal- 
ly to be traced. Men who thus connect themselves 
with savage communities, and stimulate them to war, 
which is always attended on their part with acts of bar- 
barity, the most shocking, deserve to be viewed in a 
worse light than the savages. They would certainly 
have no claim to an immunity from the punishment, 
which, according to the rules of warfare practised by 
the savages, might justly be inflicted on the savages, 
themselves. 

If the embarrassments of Spain prevented her from 
making an indemnity to our citizens, for so long a time, 



336 president's tour. 

from her treasury, for their losses of spoliation, and 
otherwise, it was always in her power to have provid- 
ed it, by the cession of this territory. Of this, her 
government has been repeatedly apprised ; and the 
cession was the more to be anticipated, as Spain must 
have known that, in ceding it she would, in effect, cede 
what had become of little value to her, and would like- 
wise relieve herself from the important obligation se- 
cured by the treaty of 1 795, and all other compromit- 
ments respecting it. If the United Stales, from consid- 
eration of these embarrassments, declined pressing 
their claims in a spirit of hostility, the motive ought, at 
least, to have been duly appreciated by the government 
of Spain. It is well known to her government that oth- 
er powers have made to the United States an indemnity 
for like losses, sustained by their citizens at the same 
epoch. 

There is, nevertheless, a limit beyond w 
spirit of amity and forbearance can, in no in? 
justified. If it was proper, to rely on amicabl 
ation, for an indemnity for losses, it would l b*»ir« 
been so, to have permitted the inability of Spain to ful- 
fil her engagements, and to sustain her authority in the 
Floridas, to be perverted by foreign adventurers and 
savages, to purposes so destructive to the lives of our 
fellow-citizens, and the highest interests of the United 
States. The light of self defence never ceases. It is 
among the most sacred, and alike necessary to nations 
and to individuals. And, whether the attack be made 
by Spain herself, or by those who abuse her power, its 
obligation is not the less strong. The invaders of 
Amelia Island had assumed a popular and respected 



president's tour* S37 

title, under which they might approach and wound us. 
As their object was distinctly seen, and a duty imposed 
on the Executive by an existing law, was profoundly 
felt, that mask was not permitted to protect them. It 
was thought incumbent on the United States, to sup- 
press the establishment, and it was accordingly done. 
The combination in Florida, for the unlawful purposes 
stated, the acts perpetrated by that combination, and> 
above all, the incitement of the Indians, to massacre 
our fellow-citizens of every age, and both sexes, mer- 
ited a like treatment, and received it. In pursuing 
these savages to an imaginary line, in the woods, it 
would have been the height of folly to have suffered 
that line to protect them. Had that been done, the 
war could never cease. Even if the territory had 
been exclusively, that of Spain, and her pow r er com- 
plete over it, we had a right, by the law of nations, to 
follow the enemy on it, and to subdue him there. But 
the territory belonged, in a certain sense, at least, to 
the savage enemy who inhabited it, the power of Spain 
had ceased to exist over it, and protection was sought, 
under her title, by those who had committed on our 
citizens hostilities, which she was bound by treaty, 
to have prevented, but had not the power to prevent. 
To have stopped at that line, would have given new 
encouragement to these savages, and new vigour to the 
whole combination existing there, in the prosecution of 
all its pernicious purposes. 

In suppressing the establishment at Amelia Island, 
no unfriendliness was manifested towards Spain, because 
the post was taken from a force which had w r rested it 
from her. The measure, it is true, was not adopted 

Ff 



338 president's tolr. 

hi concert with lire Spanish government, or those in au- 
thority under it, because, in transactions connected with 
the war, in which Spain and her colonies are engaged, 
it was thought proper, in doing justice to the United 
States, to maintain a strict impartiality towards both 
the belligerent parties, without consulting or acting in 
concert with either. It gives me pleasure to state that 
the governments of Buenos Ayres and Venezuela, whose 
names were assumed, have explicitly disclaimed all 
participation in these measures, and even the knowl- 
edge of them, until communicated by this government, 
and have also expressed their satisfaction, that a course 
of proceeding had been suppressed, which, if justly 
imputable to them, would dishonour their cause. 

In authorizing Major- General Jackson to enter the 
Floridas, in pursuit of the Seminoles, care was taken 
not to encroach on the rights of Spain. I regret to 
have to add, that in executing this order, facts were 
disclosed, respecting the conduct of the officers of 
Spain, in authority there, in encouraging the war, fur- 
nishing munitions of war, and other supplies to carry it 
on, and in other acts not less marked, which evinced 
their participation in the hostile purposes of that com- 
bination, and justified the confidence, with which it in- 
spired the savages, that by those officers they would be 
protected. A conduct so incompatible with the friendly 
relations existing between the two countries, particu- 
larly with the positive obligation of the 5th article of 
the treaty of 1795, by which Spain was bound to re- 
strain, even by force, those savages, from acts of hos- 
tility against the United States, could not fail to excite 
surprise. The commanding general was convinced that 



.PRESIDENT'S TOUR. £39 

he should Tail in his object ; that he should, in effect, 
accomplish nothing, if he did not deprive those savages 
of the resources on which they had calculated, and of 
the protection on which they had relied in making the 
war. As all the documents, relating to this occurence, 
will be laid before Congress, it is not necessary to en- 
ter into further detail respecting it. 

Although the reasons which induced Major-General 
Jackson, to take these posts, were duly appreciated, 
there was, nevertheless, no hesitation in deciding on 
the course which it becomes the government to pursue. 
As there was reasons to believe that the commanders of 
these posts had violated {heir instructions, there was no 
disposition to impute to their government a conduct so 
unprovoked and hostile. An order was inconsequence 
issued (o the general in command there, to deliver the 
posts, Pensacola, unconditionally, to any person duly 
authorized to receive it ; and St. Marks, which is in 
the heart of the Indian country, on the arrival of a com- 
petent force to defend it against those savages and their 
associates. 

In entering Florida to suppress this combination, no 
idea was entertained of hostility to Spain, and, however 
justifiable the commanding general was, in consequence 
of the misconduct of the Spanish officers, in enterin 
St. Marks and Pensacola, to terminate it, by proving to 
the savages and their associates, that they should not 
be protected, even there ; yet the amicable relations 
existing between the United States and Spain could not 
be altered by that act alone. By ordering the restitu- 
tion of the posts, those relations were preserved. To 
a change of them, the power of the Executive is deem- 
ed incompetent. It is vested in Congress only. 






340 , president's TorR. 

By this measure, so promptly taken, clue respect 
■was shewn to the government of Spain. The miscon- 
duct of her officers has not been imputed to her. She 
■was enabled to review with candour her relations with 
the United States, and her own situation, particularly 
in respect to the territory in question, with the dangers 
inseparable from it ; and, regarding the losses we have 
sustained, for which indemnity has been so Ions: with- 
heh], and the injuries we have suffered through that 
territory, and her means of redress, she was likewise 
enabled to take, with honour, the course best calcu- 
lated to do justice to the United States, and to pro* 
mote her own welfare. 

Copies of instructions to the commanding general : 
of his correspondence with the Secretary of War, ex- 
plaining his motives, and justifying his conduct, with a 
copy of the proceedings of the Court Martial, in the 
trial of Arbuthnot and Ambristie : and of the corres- 
pondence between the Secretary of State, and the 
Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain, near this govern- 
ment ; and of the Plenipotentiary of the United States, 
at Madrid, with the government of Spain, will be laid 
before Congress. 

The civil war which has so long prevailed between 
Spain, and the provinces of South America, still con- 
tinues without any prospect of its speedy termination. 
The information respecting the condition of those 
countries, which has been collected by the Commis- 
sioners, recently returned from thence, will be laid be- 
fore Congress in copies of their reports, with such 
other information as has been received from other 
agents of the United States. 



PRESIDENT'S TOCh 

ll appears from these communications-, that the gov- 
ernment of Buenos Ayres declared itself independent 
in July 1C16, having previously exercised the power 
of an independent government, though in the name of 
the King of Spain, from the year 1810 : that the Banda 
Oriental, the Entre Reos, and Paraguay, with the city 
of Santa Fee, all of which are also independent, are un- 
connected with the present government of Buenos 
Ayres ; that Chili has declared itself independent, and 
is closely connected with Buenos Ayres : that Venezu- 
ela has also declared itself independent, and now main- 
tains the conflict with various success ; and that the 
remaining parts of South America, except Monte Vi- 
deo, and such other portions of the eastern bank of the 
La Plata as are held by Portugal, are still in the posses- 
sion of Spain, or in a certain degree under her influence. 

By a circular note addressed by the Ministers of 
Spain to the allied powers, with whom they are respec- 
tively accredited, it appears that the allies have under- 
taken to mediate between Spain and the South Ameri- 
can provinces, and that the manner and extent of their 
interposition would be settled by a Congress, which was 
to have met at Aix-la-Chapelle in September last. From 
the general policy and course of proceeding observed by 
the allied powers, in regard to this contest, it is inferred 
that they will confine their interposition to the expres- 
sion of their sentiments ; abstaining from the application 
of force. I state this impression, that force will not be 
applied, with the greater satisfaction, because it is a 
course more consistent with justice, and likewise au- 
thorises a hope, that the calamities of the war will be 

Ff.2 



342 president's tour. 

confined to the parties only, and will be of shorter du- 
ration. 

From the view taken of this subject founded on all 
-the information we have been able to obtain, there is 
a good cause to be satisfied with the course hitherto 
pursued by the United States in regard to this contest, 
and to conclude that it is proper to adhere to it, espe- 
cially, in the present state of affairs. 

I have great satisfaction in stating, that our relations 
with France, Russia and other powers, continue on the 
most friendly basis. • 

In our domestic concerns we have ample cause of 
satisfaction. The receipts into the Treasury, during 
the three first quarters of the year, have exceeded 
seventeen millions of dollars. 

After satisfying all the demands which have been 
made under existing appropriations, including the final 
extinction of the old six per cent, stock and the redemp- 
tion of a moiety of the Louisiana debt, it is estimated 
that there will remain in the Treasury, en the first day 
of January next, more than two millions of dollars. 

It is ascertained that the gross revenue which has 
accrued from the customs during the same period a- 
snounts to twenty-one millions of dollars, and that the 
revenue of the whole year may be estimated at not less 
than twenty-six millions. — The sale of the public lauds 
during the year has also greatly exceeded, both in 
quantity and price, that of any former year ; and there 
is just reason to expect a progressive improvement in 
that source of revenue. 

It is gratifying to know, that, although the annual 
expenditure has been increased, by the act of the last 






president's tour. 343 

session of Congress, providing for revolutionary pen- 
sions, to an amount about equal to the proceeds of the 
internal duties, which were then repealed, the revenue 
for the ensuing year will be proportionally augmented, 
and that whilst the public expenditure will probably re- 
main stationary, each successive year will add to the 
national resources, by the ordinary increase of our 
population, and by the gradual developement of our 
latent sources of national prosperity. 

The strict execution of the revenue laws, resulting 
principally from the salutary provisions of the act of the 
20th of April last, amending the several collection laws, 
has, it is presumed, secured to domestic manufactures 
all the relief that can be derived from the duties, which 
have been imposed upon foreign merchandize for their 
protection. Under the influence of this relief, several 
branches of this important national interest, have as- 
sumed greater activity, and although it is hoped that 
others will gradually revive, and ultimately triumph 
over every obstacle, yet the expediency of granting 
further protection, is submitted to your consideration. 

The measures of defence, authorized by existing 
laws, have been pursued with the zeal and activity due 
to so important an object, and with all the dispatch prac- 
ticable in so extensive and great an undertaking. The 
survey of our maritime and inland frontiers has been 
continued ; and at the points where it was decided to 
erect fortifications, the work has been commenced, and, 
in some instances, considerable progress has been made; 
in compliance with resolutions of the last session, the 
board of commissioners were directed to examine in a 
particular manner, the parts of the coast therein desig- 



•" 



4 i president's tour. 



nated, and to report their opinion of the most suita- 
ble site3 for two naval depots. This work is in a train 
of execution. The opinion of the board on this sub- 
ject, with a plan of all the works necessary to a general 
system of defence, so far as it has been formed, will be 
laid before Congress, in a report from the proper De- 
partment, as soon as it can be prepared. 

In conformity with the appropriations of last ses- 
sion, treaties have been formed with the Quapaw tribe of 
Indians, inhabiting the country on the Arkansaw, and 
Tvith the Great and Little Osages north of the "White 
river ; with the tribes in the state of Indiana ; with sev- 
eral tribes within the State of Ohio, and the Michigan 
Territory ; and with the Chickasaws ; by which very 
extensive cessions of territory have been made to the 
United States. Negociations are now depending with 
the tribes in the Illinois territory, and with the Choc- 
taws, by which it is expected that other extensive ces- 
sions will be made. I take great interest in stating that 
the cessions already made which are considered so im- 
portant to the United States, have been obtained on 
conditions very satisfactory to the Indians. 

With a view to the securitv of our inland frontiers, it 
has been thought expedient to establish strong posts' at 
the mouth of the Yellow Stone river, and at the Man- 
dan village, on the Missouri ; and at the mouth of St. 
Peters, on the Mississippi, at no great distance from 
our northern boundaries. It can hardly be presumed, 
while such posts are maintained in the rear of the Indian 
tribes, that they will venture to attack our peaceable 
Inhabitants. A strong hope is entertained, that this 
measure will likewise be productive of much good to 



president's tour. 345 

the tribes themselves, especially in promoting the 
great object of their civilization. Experience has clear- 
ly demonstrated, that independent savage communities 
cannot long exist within the limits of a civilized popula- 
tion. The progress of the latter has, almost invaria- 
bly, terminated in the extinction of the former, espe- 
cially of the tribes belonging to our portion of this hem- 
isphere, among whom, loftiness in sentiment, and gal- 
lantry in action, have been conspicuous. To civilize 
them, and even to prevent their extinction, it seem3 
to be indispensable that their independence, as commu- 
nities, should cease, and that the control of the United 
States over them, should be complete and undisputed. 
The hunter state will then be more easily abandoned, 
and recourse will be had to the acquisition and culture 
ofiand, and to other pursuits tending to dissolve the tics 
which connect them together as a savage community, 
and to give a new character to every individual. I 
present this subject to the consideration of Congress, on 
the presumption that it may be found expedient and 
practicable to adopt some benevolent provisions, hav- 
ing these objects in view, relative to the tribes within 
our settlements. 

It has been necessary, during the present year, to 
maintain a strong naval force in the Mediterranean, and 
in the Gulf of Mexico, and to send some public ships 
along the southern coast, and to the Pacific Ocean. By 
these means amicable relations with the Barbary pow- 
ers have peen preserved, our commerce has been pro- 
tected, and our rights respected. The augmentation of 
our navy is advancing, with a steady progress, towards 
the limit contemplated by law. 



340 president's tour. 

f 

I communicate, with great satisfaction, the accession 
of another slate, Illinois, to our Union ; because I per- 
ceive, from the proof afforded by the additions already 
made, the regular progress and sure consummation of a 
policy, of which history affords no axample, and of 
which the good effect cannot be too highly estimated. 
Bjs extending our government, on the principles of our 
constitution, over the vast territory within our limits, 
on the Lakes and the Mississippi, and its numerous 
streams, new life and vigour are infused into every part 
of our system. By increasing the number of the states, 
the confidence of the state governments in their own 
security is increased, and their jealousy of the national 
government proportionably diminished. The imprac- 
ticability of one consolidated government for this great 
and growing nation, will be more apparent, and will be 
universally admitted. Incapable of exercising local 
authority, except for general purposes, the general go- 
vernment will no longer be dreaded. In those cases of 
a local nature, and for all the great purposes for which 
it was instituted, its authority will de cherished. Each 
government will acquire new force and a greater free- 
dom of action within its proper sphere. Other inesti- 
mable advantages will follow : our produce will be aug- 
mented to an incalculable amount, in articles of the 
greatest value for domestic use and for foreign com- 
merce. Our navigation will, in like degree, be increas- 
ed ; and, as the shipping of the Atlantic states will be 
employed in the transportation of the vast produce of 
the western country, even those parts of the United 
States which are the most remote from each other, will 



PRESIDENT S TOUR. 347 

be found bound together by the strongest ties which 
mutual interest can create. 

The situation of this District, it is thought, requires 
the attention of Congress. By the Constitution, the 
power of legislation is exclusively vested in the Con- 
gress of the United States. In the exercise of this 
power, in which the people have no participation, Con- 
gress legislate in all cases, directly on the local concerns 
of the District. As this is a departure, for a special 
purpose, from the general principles of our system, it 
may merit consideration, whether an arrangement bet- 
ter adapted to the principles of our government and to 
the particular interests of the people, may not be devi- 
sed, which will neither infringe the constitution, nor 
affect the object which the provision in question was 
intended to secure. The growing population, already 
considerable, and the increasing business of the Dis- 
trict, which it is believed already interferes with the 
deliberations of Congress on great national concerns, 
furnish additional motives for recommending this sub- 
ject to your consideration. 

When we view the greater blessings with which our 
country has been favored, those which we now enjoy, 
and the means which we possess of handing them down 
unimpaired, to our latest posterity, our attention is ir- 
resistibly drawn to the source from whence they flow. 
Let us, then, unite in offering our most grateful ac- 
knowledgments for these blessings to the Divine Au~ 
thor of all good. 



November 17, 1818. 



JAMES MONROE. 



343 president's tour. 

Let the people of the American Republic read thia 
Message, and rejoice in the goodness of Providence, 
and the wisdom of their Rulers, for the blessings they 
enjoy. 

The approbation bestowed upon the immortal Hero 
of Tohopeka and New Orleans, was what might be ex- 
pected from a man who " views the whole ground." 
To JAMES MONROE, is the Republic indebted for 
the acquisition of Louisiana, and of consequence the 
Mississippi, by the masterly diplomatic skill of that 
Statesman. To ANDREW JACKSON is it indebted 
for the defence of the country by the sword, which was 
acquired by negotiation. While America has such men 
to secure their rights in the Cabinet, and such men to 
defend them in the field, she has nothing to fear from 
abroad or at home. May a succession of such men con- 
tinue to arise with our rising Republic, and through 
unborn generations transmit unimpaired, the unparal- 
leled blessings we enjoy. 



/ 



LB 20 



